Formy znakhidnoho vidminka mnozhyny imennykiv – nazv istot v ukrayinsʹkiy narodniy i literaturniy movi

The article investigates the regularities of the use of two forms of the accusative case of the plural of the nouns – the names of creatures in the Ukrainian folk and literary language. Special attention is paid to the form that coincides with the nominative case and is a typical feature of the folk language. The history of the entry of the form of the accusative case of the plural, common with the nominative case, into the system of inflexion of nouns of the Ukrainian literary language is traced. The area of distribution of each of the forms of the accusative case of the plural is determined. The list of nouns – the names of unpersons, which in the accusative case of the plural have the form of the nominative case, is offered. The causes and consequences of the expulsing of the forms of the nominative case of the plural by the forms of the genitive case in nouns – the names of creatures in the modern Ukrainian literary language – are clarified. It is stated that valid morphological literary norm does not correspond to the grammatical traditions of the Ukrainian folk language, because the forms, common to the nominative case, predominate in the folk language, whereas the forms, identical to the genitive case, prevail in the literary standard.

Negative constructions in theory and practice: Ukrainian-Belarusian parallels

In the article the material of monumental texts of the Ukrainian language of the 16th – the first half of the 17th century (business documents, artistic, polemical, chronicle, scientific and confessional literature) and the studied monuments of the Old Belarusian language are studied the diachronic aspect of the use of case forms (generic or accusative) in negative verb constructions; their functioning in modern Ukrainian and Belarusian languages is analyzed. It has been revealed that in the monuments of the Ukrainian language of the specified period the accusative case in denial is inferior to the generic one. The use of certain syntactic models (parallel use of genitive and accusative forms in the pre- and postposition) was determined by the general style and place of writing the monuments. In studies of monuments of the Old Belarusian language in this position the genitive was fixed, and sometimes in negative constructions the accusative and the genitive were allowed at the same time. In the linguistics of the 20th – early 21st century philologists have repeatedly drawn attention to the peculiarities of the use of genitive and accusative cases in negative constructions both on the All-Slavic background and on the material of individual languages. Synchronously, it has been revealed that in the modern Ukrainian language the literary norm in negative constructions is the use of the genitive case instead of the accusative. However, there is no noticeable tendency to replace the accusative and the genitive in verbs with a negative participle not, as there are many cases of using the possessive case in literature and in everyday speech. On the other hand, there is no unanimity in the grammars of the modern Belarusian language on this issue: some scholars believe that both generic and possessive cases are possible in negative constructions, while others believe that only generic is possible. However, from a sample of analyzed works of Belarusian writers of the twentieth century, artistic and journalistic posts, as well as conversational style records, it can be argued that there are only a few cases of use of the accusative case, in particular in proverbs and sayings, and only the genitive is dominant in the negative constructions.

FUNCTIONING OF ATTRACTIVE NONS IN THE AVAR LANGUAGE

Pronouns in the grammatical structure of the Avar language represent one of the most peculiar lexical and grammatical categories both in terms of semantics and in terms of structure. Possessive pronouns are usually not distinguished as an independent lexically separate category in the Avar language. In the function of possessive pronouns, the forms of the genitive case of pronouns of the corresponding categories are used here.

ISM AL- MA’RIFAH (NOMINA DEFINIT) BERKASUS GENETIF DALAM KITAB KHULASHOH NURUL YAQIN JUZ 2 KARYA UMAR ABDUL JABBAR (ANALISIS SINTAKSIS)

The discussion of nahcw science is very large, one of which is about Ism Al- Ma’rifah (Definite Noun) Genitive Case. The researcher chose the book Khulashoh Nurul Yaqin chapter 2 since there are many kinds of ism al- ma’rifah genitive case so that they can be analyzed to improve the readers‟ understanding of this book and is expected to be useful for increasing knowledge development. This is a qualitative study with library research design. Data in the form of ism al ma’rifah (definite noun) genitive case are sourced from the book Khulashoh Nurul Yaqin chapter 2. The instrument used in this study was a data card. The data collection technique used the documentation method. The data analysis technique used the distributional method. The result of this study showed that there are about 430 data on ism al- ma’rifah (definite noun) genitive case found in the book Khulasoh Nurul Yaqin chapter 2. The researcher took 100 data samples with purposive sampling technique (1) type ism al- ma’rifah (definite noun) genitive case consisting of 26 data types ism ‘alam, 15 data types ism dhamir, 1 data types ism isyarah, 1 data types ism maushul, 41 data types ism al-mu’arraf bi al, 16 data types ism al-mudhafu ilal ma’rifah. (2) Functions of ism al- ma’rifah (definite noun) genitive case consist of 43 data as majrur which changes into jarr with harf jar, 41 data as majrur which changes into jarr with idhafah, 16 data that function as majrur which changes into jarr with attawabi’ (9 data as na’at and 7 data as athaf (ma’thuf)).

The Hieroglyphic Luwian genitive case

Descriptions of Hieroglyphic Luwian grammar assert that the genitive endings ‑as(a) and ‑asi are interchangeable; their distribution is said to be random rather than governed by any conditioning factor. However, recent studies have shown that the ending ‑asi is geographically and chronologically restricted in the corpus of Hieroglyphic Luwian texts, which suggests that the distribution is not entirely random. In this paper, it is argued that in texts from the “‑asi area” - where texts containing both endings are found - the genitive endings are distributed in a non-random way. Genitives in ‑as(a) are dependent on neuter gender head nouns, whereas genitives in ‑asi are dependent on common gender head nouns. This means that, syntactically, Hieroglyphic Luwian genitives resemble genitival adjectives by agreeing with the gender of their head. Although several counterexamples exist, they are probably caused by translation errors, by language change in late Hieroglyphic Luwian, and possibly by the fact that -as(a) may reflect -asa as well as -as. Finally, a new account of the historical development of Luwian genitives is presented.

Agreement Attraction in Turkish: The Case of Genitive Attractor

Previous studies have shown that speakers may find sentences violating subject-verb agreement grammatical when the sentence contains a feature-matching noun phrase. This so-called agreement attraction effect has also been found in genitive possessive structures such as 'the teacher's brother' in Turkish (Lago et al., 2019), which is in contrast with its absence in similar constructions in English (Nicol et al., 2016). This discrepancy has been hypothesized to be a result of the association between genitive case marking and subjecthood in Turkish, but not in English. In the present research, we test an alternative explanation in which Turkish number agreement attraction effects are due to a potential confound in Lago et al.'s experiment, as a result of which subject head nouns were locally ambiguous between the possessive and the accusative case. We hypothesized that this ambiguity may have inhibited the availability of the head noun as an agreement controller as the accusative is a non-subject case in Turkish. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a speeded acceptability judgment experiment and our results suggest that case-ambiguity does not play a role in agreement attraction, and thus lends credibility to the claim that genitive noun phrases may function as attractors in Turkish due to the association between genitive case and subjecthood.

Prepositional Phrases in Modern Standard Arabic: An Agree-Based Analysis

Prepositions, in Arabic traditional grammar literature, have been analyzed as Genitive Case assigners (Hasan, 1976; Sibaweihi, n.d.). This paper presents a phase-based analysis for prepositions (Ps) in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). The analysis is built on Chomsky's (2005, 2008) Feature-Inheritance model of Agree. In this proposed analysis, Prepositional Phrases (PPs) in MSA are analyzed as phases, where a Probe-Goal relation is established between the prepositional Probe p-P and the DP in its searching domain (i.e., its complement). The outcome of this relation is valuation of the unvalued Case feature on this DP complement (i.e., Genitive Case), and a similar valuation to the unvalued phi-features (φ-fs) on the Probe p-P.

Many ways to decline a noun: elicitation of children’s novel noun inflection in Estonian

abstract Aims This study investigated three- to five-year-olds’ ability to generalise knowledge of case inflection to novel nouns in Estonian, which has complex morphology and lacks a default declension pattern. We explored whether Estonian-speaking children use similar strategies to adults, and whether they default to a preferred pattern or use analogy to phonological neighbours. Method We taught children novel nouns in nominative or allative case and elicited partitive and genitive case forms based on pictures of unfamiliar creatures. Participants included 66 children (3;0–6;0) and 21 adults. Because of multiple grammatical inflection patterns, children’s responses were compared with those of adults for variability, accuracy, and morphological neighbourhood density. Errors were analysed to reveal how children differed from adults. Conclusions Young children make use of varied available patterns, but find generalisation difficult. Children’s responses showed much variability, yet even three-year-olds used the same general declension patterns as adults. Accuracy increased with age but responses were not fully adult-like by age five. Neighbourhood density of responses increased with age, indicating that analogy over a larger store of examples underlies proficiency with productive noun inflection. Children did not default to the more transparent, affixal patterns available, preferring instead to use the more frequent, stem-changing patterns.

Проявление межъязыковой интерференции в речевых ошибках венгерских студентов: выражение посессивных отношений

Cross-linguistic interference in Hungarian students’ language mistakes: representation of possessiveness. The article deals with grammatical mistakes associated with representation of possessiveness in the Russian written language of students speaking Hungarian as their native language. There are differences in representations of the possessive relation in two languages such as absence of personal possessive suffixation of names, absence of an indicator of absolute possession, the limited use of the Hungarian possessive pronouns in comparison with the Russian ones. All these form a basis for interference and cause the following mistakes: the excessive use of a possessive pronoun, nondistinction of possession and belonging meanings, wrong choice of the possessive means when expressing procedurality and locality, the excessive use of an incoordinate possessor in the form of the genitive case. Revealing of typical mistakes is aimed at their timely prevention, as well as the development of exercises to correct them.