Distribution and Assessment of Heavy Metal Levels Using Geoaccumulation Index and Pollution Load Index in Lake Edku Sediments, Egypt

<p>Bangka Island is rich in natural resources particularly tin minerals. The increasing of tin mining has elevated various wastes such as tailings, oil, and fuel coming from the sand scraper tin boat. These wastes containing toxic heavy metals may harmful to marine organism. Measurement of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni were carried out in September 2010. The purpose of this research was to predict the pollution degree of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni in sediment using two different methods namely geoaccumulation index (I_geo) and pollution load index (PLI). The samples of sediments were collected at 20 stations using Gravity Core. The content of heavy metals in all samples was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer with a mixture of air and acetylene flame. The results showed that there was a different of prediction on sediment pollution level between Load Pollution Index with Geoaccumulation Index. According to Load Pollution Index, sediments in this waters were not polluted by Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni (PLI<1). Based on Geoaccumulation Index, sediment were also not polluted by Pb, Cu, Zn, and Ni (Igeo<0). While for Cd, sediments divided into three categories, namely not polluted (Igeo<0), light polluted (0<Igeo<1), and medium pollued (1<Igeo<2). The concentration of the heavy metals still lower than that sediment quality guideline values.</p> <p>Keywords: Bangka Island, heavy metals, geoaccumulation index, pollution load index.</p>

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The content of copper and heavy metals in the multilayer soil mud from the Buchim lake under the Buchim mine's waste dump, Republic North Macedonia

Tehnika ◽

10.5937/tehnika2003297s ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 75 (4) ◽

pp. 297-304

Author(s):

Todor Serafimovski ◽

Goran Tasev ◽

Trajce Stafilov

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Porphyry Copper ◽

Contamination Factor ◽

Pollution Load Index ◽

Pollution Load ◽

Mining Areas ◽

Target Value ◽

Standard Values ◽

Almost All

The intense mineral extraction in mining areas during the last several decades has produced a large amount of waste material and tailings, which release toxic elements to the environment. The aim of the study was to determine in two vertical profiles/sections (1 and 2) the heavy metal contents of samples derived from six samples, three from each section located in the porphyry copper mine Buchim area, Republic North Macedonia. The results have been compared to new Dutchlist (DL) and Kabata-Pendias (KP) standards and the following was concluded: As values ranged 14.985÷60.131 mg kg-1 with 4 samples above the target value of the DL (29 mg kg-1 As) and 6 above standard values given in KP value (5 mg kg-1 As), in that context Co values ranged 11 ÷57 mg kg-1 with 6 values above the target value of the DL (9 mg kg-1 Co) and 5 above standard values given in KP value (12 mg kg-1 Co), Cr with range 29.32÷75.76 mg kg-1 with 6 over KP value (10 mg kg-1 Cr) and none above the target value of the DL (100 mg kg-1 Cr), Cu with range 2694÷6749 mg kg-1 with 6 samples above the target value of the DL (36 mg kg-1 Cu) and 6 above standard values given in KP value (20 mg kg-1 Cu), Ni with range 59.57÷105.98 mg kg-1 with 6 samples above the target value of the DL (35 mg kg-1 Ni) and 6 above standard values given in KP value (20 mg kg-1 Ni), Pb with range 27.06 ÷96.08 mg kg-1 with 1 sample above the target value of the DL (85 mg kg-1Pb) and 6 above standard values given in KP value (25 mg kg-1Pb), Zn with range 147÷273 mg kg-1 with 6 over target value of the DL (140 mg kg-1 Zn) and 6 above standard KP value (64 mg kg-1 Zn), V with range 34.44÷92.57 mg kg-1 with 5 over target value of the DL (42 mg kg-1 V) and one above KP value (90 mg kg-1 V).In order to compare the level of contamination, the contamination factor (𝐶𝑓 𝑖 ), degree of contamination (Cd), and pollution load index (PLI) were computed. Serious numbers were found for Cu, as, Zn, Co and Ni, which exceeded standard values at almost all samples from both vertical sections. Compared from section 1 and section 2, pollution load index increased by 13.43%, which in almost all samples was classified as heavily polluted to extremely polluted. The fact that mining activities at the Buchim Mine last for almost 40 years, the presence of heavy metals in soils at a serious level is understandable. The high level of contamination is a result of heavy metal persistence and non-biodegradability.

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Human health risk assessment through the comparative analysis of diverse irrigation regimes for Luffa (Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem.)

Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development ◽

10.2166/washdev.2020.132 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 249-261 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Zafar Iqbal Khan ◽

Ilker Ugulu ◽

Shagufta Sahira ◽

Naunain Mehmood ◽

Kafeel Ahmad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Risk ◽

Trace Metal ◽

Graphite Furnace ◽

Risk Index ◽

Human Health Risk ◽

Pollution Load Index ◽

Pollution Load ◽

Luffa Cylindrica ◽

Untreated Wastewater ◽

Metal Levels

Abstract In the present study, the effects of untreated wastewater and associated health risks were assessed in an abundantly consumed vegetable, Luffa cylindrica. In this direction, trace metal accumulations in L. cylindrica samples irrigated with three different water regimes (municipal wastewater, groundwater, and canal water) were determined. The metal levels were defined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer equipped with a graphite furnace and D2 corrector. Trace metal concentrations in L. cylindrica samples were in the range of 7.91–9.01, 3.78–4.22, 0.54–0.63, 39.18–43.27, 15.76–20.82, 29.04–42.49, 6.96–8.24, 5.85–7.72, 4.06–4.39 and 0.18–0.42 mg/kg for Mo, As, Se, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cd and Co, respectively. The health risk index values of As, Cd, Pb, Mo, Ni, Se and Co; and pollution load index values of As, Mo, Ni, Cu, Cd and Pb were high, indicating possible phytotoxicity. As had the highest value for the pollution load index suggesting high-risk levels. High levels of some metals could be an alarm call for consumers as the vegetable is irrigated with untreated wastewater.

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Geochemical Explorations of Leached Fe in Tiga Warna Beach, Indonesia

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.851.205 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 851 ◽

pp. 205-211

Author(s):

Anugrah Ricky Wijaya ◽

A.M. Fajar ◽

Aman Santoso ◽

Daratu Eviana Kusuma Putri

Keyword(s):

Geoaccumulation Index ◽

Pollution Load Index ◽

Residual Fraction ◽

Microwave Method ◽

Pollution Load ◽

Geochemical Fractions ◽

Accuracy And Precision ◽

Sediment Fraction ◽

Mobile Fraction ◽

Oxidizable Fraction

To explore Fe minerals in Tiga Warna Beach, we investigated to assess the geochemical fraction of Fe in sediment. The samples were leached of Fe using the optimized BCR microwave method. The optimized of BCR microwave method revealed the high accuracy and precision before Fe assessment. The leached of Fe in each of fraction in sediment were measured by AAS. The same patterns of explored Fe in the geochemical fractions from the sediment fraction 1 (mobile fraction) to fraction 3 (oxidizable fraction) as stated nonresistant sediment fractions showed a lower portion of Fe compared with the Fe levels in sediment fraction 4 (residual fraction) or resistant sediment fraction. The Pollution Load Index (PLI) value and the geoaccumulation Index (I-geo) value of sediment samples in blue, green, and red waters indicating that the sediments of Tiga Warna Beach are still natural and has not been categorized as polluted.

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Monitoring and assessing heavy metals in topsoils as potential diffuse pollutants in the Pyeongchang River Basin, Korea

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2010.233 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 61 (12) ◽

pp. 3156-3161 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. I. Kabir ◽

H. Lee ◽

G. Kim ◽

T. Jun

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

Metal Contamination ◽

Heavy Metal Contamination ◽

Risk Index ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Pollution Load Index ◽

Pollution Load ◽

Ecological Risk Index

Topsoils, mainly from crop fields, orchards, forests, and barns around the Pyeongchang River, were collected to investigate their heavy metal concentrations. Pollution load index, ecological risk index, and enrichment factor were applied to assess levels of heavy metal contamination for topsoils. The concentrations of cadmium (Cd) (1.7 mg/kg) and chromium (Cr) (4.1 mg/kg) exceeded the troublesome level in one site, whereas zinc (Zn) (396.7 to 711.1 mg/kg) and nickel (Ni) (40.1 to 95.3 mg/kg) in several topsoils exceeded the troublesome to countermeasure levels, according to soil contamination standards for the study areas. A significant risk of contamination was observed for mercury (Hg) by all indices, although the concentration in most of the topsoils was below the guideline. As expected, a positive linear correlation was observed for the values of pollution load index and ecological risk index, demonstrating lower heavy metal contamination in upstream areas compared to those downstream. High to extremely high ecological risk was observed in several samples for Zn and Ni, while all of the soils were unpolluted to slightly polluted, according to the pollution load index. A baseline study was not performed earlier for these sites, so these assessed values of heavy metals should be used as reference values for further assessment.

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Risk and Toxicity Assessments of Heavy Metals in Tympanotonus fuscatus and Sediments from Iko River, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

International Journal of Environment and Climate Change ◽

10.9734/ijecc/2020/v10i330186 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 38-47

Author(s):

U. U. Ubong ◽

I. O. Ekwere ◽

E. E. Ikpe

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Risk Assessment ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Human Health ◽

Geoaccumulation Index ◽

Hazard Index ◽

Contamination Factor ◽

Pollution Load Index ◽

Pollution Load ◽

High Degree

This study evaluates the physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals in water, sediments and Tympanotonus fuscatus obtained from three sample sites along Iko River in Eastern Obolo LGA, AkwaIbom State. The heavy metal analysis results on Pb, Cd and Ni in sediments and Tympanotonus fuscatus were used to estimate the human health and ecological risk assessment of the study area. The human health risk assessment tools utilized in this study were estimated dietary intake (EDI), total hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI) while sediment pollution parameters evaluated were contamination factor (CF), contamination degree (CD), pollution load index (PLI) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo). Results obtained showed that EDI of Cd in periwinkle in the study sites ranged from 0.2 – 6.4 µg/kg-bw/day and exceeded the provisional tolerable dietary intake (PTDI), while EDI for Pb (0.0004 – 2.6 µg/kg-bw/day) and Ni (0.32 – 2 µg/kg-bw/day) was within the limit for all sites, except Ni in site II (34 µg/kg-bw/day) which was higher than the PTDI of 5 µg/kg-bw/day. The THQ of Cd in all sites was greater than 1, while Pb and Ni generally recorded THQ < 1. The hazard index (HI) was as follows: site I (2.36), sites II (24.44) and site III (6.5), highlighting a potential hazardous effect to humans as a result of the consumption of Tympanotonus fuscatus obtained from site II and III. The sediment pollution assessment revealed that the contamination factor (CF) and geoaccumulation index, Igeo of Cd were far above the permissible limits while Pb and Ni were mostly within limits. The estimated contamination degree (CD) and pollution load index (PLI) showed a high degree of pollution, which can be mainly attributed to the high degree of Cd contamination in the sediment. Therefore, the area under investigation is highly polluted and the periwinkle obtained from Iko river in the study area is unfit for human consumption.

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Kandungan logam berat dalam sedimen di Perairan Teluk Wawobatu, Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara

DEPIK ◽

10.13170/depik.3.2.1537 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Edward .

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Geoaccumulation Index ◽

Threshold Value ◽

Pollution Load Index ◽

Analysis Approach ◽

Pollution Load ◽

Gravity Core ◽

Index Analysis

Abstract. Examination of heavy metals content in sediment ofWawobatu Bay Waters, Kendari wasconducted in June2011. Sediment sampleswere collectedusing gravitycoreat 5research stations. Heavymetals content weremeasuredusingAtomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The purpose of this research wasto examine the heavy metals content in sediment and to predict the quality of sediment based on index analysis approach (geoaccumulation index and pollution load index). The results showed that Pb was rangedfrom 3.704 pp to 21.892 ppm, Cd was 0.784-1,385 ppm, Cu was 3,451-12,193 ppm, and 24.838 ppm, to 69.973 ppm and 37.289 ppm to 72.329 ppm for Zn and Ni, respectively. It is concluded that the content of the theseheavy metals were lower compared to threshold value stated by The Stated Ministry Office for Life Environment 2004 and Ontario sediment Guideline 2008. In general the heavy metals content in Station 4 was higherthanthe other stations. This iscaused by the differences insediment texture in each station, whilestation 4 is situated in estuary and it has a black clayssediment texture. In addition, the content of Ni washigher than the others examined heavy metals.Based on I-geo values that thesediment in this waters is categorized asunpolluted by Pb, Cu, Zn, and Ni (I-geo<0), and moderate polluted category by Cd (1<I-geo<2). In addition,based on PLI values, sediments of Wawobatu bay was unpolluted by Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni and Cd.Keywords: Heavy metals; sediments; Wawobatu Bay; Kendari Abstrak. Pengamatan kandungan logam berat dalam sedimen diPerairanTeluk Wawobatu, Kendari telah dilakukan pada bulan Juni 2011. Contoh sedimen diambil dengan menggunakan gravity core pada 5 stasiun penelitian. Kandungan logam berat diukur dengan menggunakan Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom (SSA). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kandungan logam berat dalam sedimen serta memprediksi kualitas sedimen berdasarkan pendekatan analisis indeks (Indeks geoakumulasi dan Indeks Beban Pencemaran).Hasilnya menunjukkan, kandungan Pb berkisar 3,704-21,892 ppm, Cd 0,784-1,385 ppm, Cu 3,451-12,193 ppm, Zn 24,838-69,973 ppm, dan Ni 37,289-72,329 ppm. Kandungan ke lima logam tersebut masih lebih rendah dari nilai ambang batas yang ditetapkan oleh Kantor Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup 2010 dan baku mutu sedimen Ontario (Ontario Sediment Guideline) 2008. Kandungan logam berat dalam sedimen di Stasiun 4 lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan Stasiun lainnya. Hal ini disebabkan oleh perbedaan tekstur sedimen di masing-masing stasiun. Stasiun 4 berada di muara sungai dan mempunyai sedimen dengan tekstur berupa lumpur berwarna hitam.Kandungan logam Ni lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan yang lain, hal ini menunjukkan adanya masukan sedimen dari Teluk Kendari dan Teluk Lasolo yang terbawa oleh arus, disamping yang berasal dari darat yang masuk melalui aliran sungai. Berdasarkan nilai indeks geoakumulasi (I-geo)sedimen di perairan ini termasuk kategori tidak tercemar oleh Pb, Cu, Zn, dan Ni (I_geo<0), dan tercemar sedang oleh Cd (1<I_geo<2).Namun berdasarkan nilai indeks beban pencemaran (PLI), sedimen di perairan ini belum tercemar oleh logam berat Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, dan Ni.

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Heavy metal contamination in bottom sediments of saline endorheic lakes of Kulunda and Barabinsk steppes (Western Siberia, Russia)

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20198003009 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 80 ◽

pp. 03009

Author(s):

Marina Kolpakova

Keyword(s):

Bottom Sediments ◽

Metal Contamination ◽

Western Siberia ◽

Heavy Metal Contamination ◽

Geoaccumulation Index ◽

Contamination Factor ◽

Pollution Load Index ◽

Pollution Load ◽

Geochemical Parameters ◽

The Common

The article presents the results of assessment of heavy metals contamination in bottom sediments of saline lakes located on the territory of Kulunda and Barabinsk steppes of Western Siberia, Russia. The territory is characterized by large amount of lakes (more than 5000), including the Chany lake, which is the biggest lake of south of Western Siberia. By calculation the geochemical parameters, such as Enrichment factor, Contamination factor, Geoaccumulation index, Pollution load index, the common level of bottom sediments was classified as unpolluted. However, in comparison with average level of bottom sediment on that territory the lake sediments are enriched with the following elements: Sr> Rb> Zn> V> Cr> Ni> Cu> As> Pb> Th> U> Mn> Fe> K> Ti.

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Study on the Heavy Metal Sediment Pollution and Ecological Effect in Yin-Dong Liang Mine Area

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.2506 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 356-360 ◽

pp. 2506-2509

Author(s):

Mei Zhong Yang ◽

Jian Ping Chen ◽

Shi Hua Pu

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

Potential Ecological Risk ◽

Pollution Load Index ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Ecological Effect ◽

Shaanxi Province ◽

Pollution Load ◽

Mine Area ◽

Lead Zinc

In the paper, the total contents of Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, Cr in sediment samples which were systematically collected from Yin-dong Liang lead-zinc mine area located at Feng country in Shaanxi province were determined by air-acetylene flame atomic spectrophotometer and the morphology of heavy metal in sediment was further investigated. Based on system testing, pollution load index was applied to assess the pollution situation of sediment. The results show that the pollution load index of mine area was up to 14.22, indicating the pollution situation is severe. Moreover, the most heavy metals are in residual state in comparison with the less water soluble, leading to relative low bioavailability and ecological risk. However, the higher proportion of reducible and oxidizable could be released to the environment under appropriate conditions, resulting in severe potential ecological risk.

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