scholarly journals Fungicidal Action of Coconut Waste Liquid-Smoke on Citrus Fruit-Rot Pathogens (<i>Penicillium digitatum</i> and <i>Penicillium italicum</i>)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Budy Rahmat ◽  
Alaik Zhilalul Haq Albaki
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Penicillium Digitatum ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Penicillium Italicum ◽  
Fungicidal Action ◽  
Liquid Smoke

Penicillium digitatum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. S. Onions
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Penicillium Digitatum ◽  
Penicillium Italicum ◽  
White Mould ◽  
Light Soil ◽  
Green Mould ◽  
Fruit Disease ◽  
Fallen Fruit ◽  
Fruit Surface

Abstract A description is provided for Penicillium digitatum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On decaying citrus fruit. DISEASE: Green mould of citrus fruit. Growth is rapid atter infection, the fruit surface becoming covered in a white mould which quickly becomes olive due to the production of the conidia. The fruit then softens and begins to shrink and if exposed to the air becomes a hollow mummified shell. Distinct from Penicillium italicum (see CMI Descript. 99) which is blue-green and finally reduces the fruit to a slimy mass. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Common in all citrus producing areas, but widespread as a storage rot of citrus fruit. TRANSMISSION: Common in soil of citrus producing areas and enters the fruit as a wound parasite but will not penetrate undamaged fruit. Said to occur more frequently than P. italicum on fallen fruit on light soil in Israel (31: 603). Spores also particularly abundant in air of citrus packing houses and fruit conditioning rooms (40: 400; 41: 89).

GENETICS OF PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI: VIRULENCE OF COLOR AND NUTRITIONALLY DEFICIENT MUTANTS OF PENICILLIUM ITALICUM AND PENICILLIUM DIGITATUM

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Beraha ◽  
E. D. Garber ◽  
Ø. Strømnaes
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Parental Strain ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Penicillium Italicum ◽  
Auxotrophic Mutants ◽  
Specific Alteration ◽  
Weakly Virulent

Prototrophic color and auxotrophic mutants of Penicillium italicum and P. digitatum, causal agents of citrus fruit rot, were obtained by irradiating conidia with ultraviolet light. Avirulent mutants caused a necrosis but not an obvious rot at the site of inoculation in orange rind. Avirulence was not necessarily associated with a specific alteration in the color of sporulating colonies or with the tested nutritional requirements. Supplementing necrotic lesions with the compounds required by the avirulent auxotrophic mutants enhanced growth but did not cause an obvious rot. Although heterocaryons of P. italicum involving avirulent auxotrophic strains were weakly virulent, the corresponding diploid strains were as virulent as the haploid prototrophic parental strain. Prototrophic segregants from the diploid strains were virulent. Avirulence was not related to the inability of the avirulent mutants to grow at the site of inoculation. It is probable that more than one locus may be responsible for the loss of virulence.

scholarly journals Light: An Alternative Method for Physical Control of Postharvest Rotting Caused by Fungi of Citrus Fruit

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
İbrahim Kahramanoğlu ◽  
Muhammad Farrukh Nisar ◽  
Chuying Chen ◽  
Serhat Usanmaz ◽  
Jinyin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Penicillium Digitatum ◽  
Solar Light ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Penicillium Italicum ◽  
Blue Mold ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Green Mold

Solar light has fundamental roles in vast chemical, biochemical, and physical process in biosphere and hence been declared as “source of life.” Solar light is further classified into a broad range of electromagnetic waves, and each region in the solar spectrum bears its unique actions in the universe or biosphere. Since centuries, solar light is believed as a potent source of killing pathogens causing postharvest losses on food products as well as human skin diseases. Citrus fruit crops are widely produced and consumed across the world, but due to their higher juicy contents, Penicillium italicum (blue mold) and Penicillium digitatum (green mold) make their entry to decay fruits and cause approximately 80% and 30% fruit losses, respectively. Agrochemicals or synthetic fungicides are highly efficient to control these postharvest fungal pathogens but have certain health concerns due to toxic environmental residues. Therefore, the scientific community is ever looking for some physical ways to eradicate such postharvest fungal pathogens and reduce the yield losses along with maintaining the public health concerns. This review article presents and discusses existing available information about the positive and negative impacts of different spectrums of solar light exposure on the postharvest storage of citrus fruits, especially to check citrus postharvest rotting caused by Penicillium italicum (blue mold) and Penicillium digitatum (green mold). Moreover, a special focus shall be paid to blue light (390–500 nm), which efficiently reduces the decay of fruits, while keeping the host tissues/cells healthy with no known cytotoxicity, killing the fungal pathogen probably by ferroptosis, but indepth knowledge is scanty. The study defines how to develop commercial applications of light in the postharvest citrus industry.

scholarly journals Identification of Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae Causing Fruit Rot of Citrus in China

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 202
Author(s):  
Jianghua Chen ◽  
Zihang Zhu ◽  
Yanping Fu ◽  
Jiasen Cheng ◽  
Jiatao Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Citrus Reticulata ◽  
Postharvest Diseases ◽  
Citrus Reticulata Blanco

Considering the huge economic loss caused by postharvest diseases, the identification and prevention of citrus postharvest diseases is vital to the citrus industry. In 2018, 16 decayed citrus fruit from four citrus varieties—Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu), Ponkan (Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Ponkan), Nanfeng mandarin (Citrus reticulata cv. nanfengmiju), and Sugar orange (Citrus reticulata Blanco)—showing soft rot and sogginess on their surfaces and covered with white mycelia were collected from storage rooms in seven provinces. The pathogens were isolated and the pathogenicity of the isolates was tested. The fungal strains were identified as Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae based on their morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses using the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF), and beta-tubulin (TUB) gene sequences. The strains could infect wounded citrus fruit and cause decay within two days post inoculation, but could not infect unwounded fruit. To our knowledge, this is the first report of citrus fruit decay caused by L. pseudotheobromae in China.

Antifungal effect of cinnamaldehyde, eugenol and carvacrol nanoemulsion against Penicillium digitatum and application in postharvest preservation of citrus fruit

LWT ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 110924
Author(s):  
Ruopeng Yang ◽  
Jinyu Miao ◽  
Yuting Shen ◽  
Nan Cai ◽  
Chunpeng Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Penicillium Digitatum ◽  
Antifungal Effect

Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Southern Rhodesia

Abstract A description is provided for Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On a very wide range of host plants comprising 58 families including: avocado, castor, Cinchona spp., citrus, cotton, eggplant, guava, lucerne, papaw, parsley, pineapple, Piper betle, rhubarb, sesame, strawberry, tomato. DISEASES: Damping-off of seedlings (tomato, castor, citrus, cotton); root rot (citrus, avocado, strawberry, lucerne); crown rot (parsley, rhubarb, strawberry, lucerne); brown stem rot of tobacco; stem canker and tip blight of Cinchona spp. ; leaf blight (castor, sesame, pineapple, Piper betle) and fruit rot (citrus, tomato, guava, papaw, eggplant). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Ethiopia, Mali, Madagascar, Mauritius, Morocco, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Southern Rhodesia, Tanganyika); Asia (Burma, Ceylon, China, Formosa, India, Israel, Japan, Java, Malaya, Philippines); Australia & Oceania (Australia, Hawaii, Tasmania); Europe (Cyprus, France, Germany, Great Britain, Holland, Ireland, Italy, Poland, Portugal, U.S.S.R.); North America (Bermuda, Canada, Mexico, U.S.A.); Central America & West Indies (Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Jamaica, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, Trinidad);. South America (Argentina, Brazil, British Guiana, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru, Venezuela). TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne, spreading rapidly after heavy rain or where soil remains moist or water-logged (40: 470). Also recorded in drainage water in India and in reservoirs and canals supplying citrus groves in U.S.A. (23: 45; 39: 24). A method for determining a disease potential index in soil using lemon fruit has been described (38: 4). Also present in testas of seeds from diseased citrus fruit which may infect nursery seedbeds (37: 165).

scholarly journals Uso de fungicidas en el manejo postcosecha de limón persa (Citrus Latifolia)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-111
Author(s):  
María del Rosario Dávila Lezama ◽  
Néstor Manuel Lorenzo Flores ◽  
Teresita Ramírez Hernández ◽  
María Alva Ángel Lara ◽  
Carlos Jesús Real Garrido
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Geotrichum Candidum ◽  
Penicillium Digitatum ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Penicillium Italicum ◽  
Citrus Latifolia ◽  
Penicillium Spp

Estudios realizados, han identificado que los hongos responsables que limitan la vida de anaquel de los cítricos son principalmente: Penicillium digitatum (55-80%); Penicillium italicum (2-30%); Alternaria citri y A. alternata (8-15%); Botrytis cinerea (8-20%): Colletotrichum gloesporioides (2.5-6%); Geotrichum candidum (2-3%); Rhizopus stolonifer y R. oryzae (1-3%); Phytophtora citrophtora (2%) (Salvador et al., 2007). El objetivo del experimento Evaluar la efectividad de dos fingicidas  para el control de enfermedades provocadas por hongos en limón persa (Citrus latifolia) en postcosecha. El Proyecto se realizó en Cuajilote, Cuitláhuac, Ver. Trasladando las muestras al laboratorio general número 4 de la Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, región Orizaba-Córdoba, de la Universidad Veracruzana. Los tratamientos donde se aplicaron los fungicidas Bankit Gold® (Azoxystrobin + Fludioxonil) y Magnate Sulphate® (Imazalil) en limón persa (Citrus latifolia) en el proceso de postcosecha, no tuvieron presencia de patógenos que provocan daños en el fruto por lo cual los fungicidas cumplieron con su objetivo, sin embargo, el tratamiento 1 (testigo absoluto) tuvo presencia del patógeno Penicillium spp. en su evaluación a los 30 DDA, esto, basándonos en los resultados de los análisis microbiológicos de limón persa (Citrus latifolia), la contaminación por Penicillium spp. probablemente fue en el almacenamiento del limón persa (Citrus latifolia). Respecto a los resultados de las propiedades fisicoquímicas están dentro los parámetros de calidad.

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