Determinant of Health Insurance Ownership in the Informal Sector: A Panel Study from Indonesia Family Life Survey

Cash income offers an incomplete picture of the resources available to finance household consumption. Most American families are covered by an insurance plan that pays for some or all of the health care they consume. Only a comparatively small percentage of families pays for the full cost of this insurance out of their cash incomes. As health care has claimed a growing share of consumption, the percentage of care that is financed out of household incomes has declined. Because health care consumption is more important for some groups in the population than others, the growth in spending and changes in the payment system for medical care have reduced the value of standard income measures for assessing relative incomes of the rich and poor and the young and old. More than a seventh of total personal consumption now consists of health care that is purchased with government insurance and employer contributions to employee health plans. This paper combines health care spending and insurance reimbursement data in the Medical Expenditure Panel Study and money income and health coverage data in the Current Population Survey to assess the impact of health insurance on the distribution of income. Our estimates imply that gross money income significantly understates the resources available to finance household purchases. The estimates imply that a more complete measure of resources would show less inequality than the income measures that are currently used. The addition of estimates of the value of health insurance to countable incomes reduces measured inequality in the population and the income gap between young and old. If the analysis were extended over a longer period, it would show a sizeable impact of insurance on inequality trends in the United States.

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The Impact of Health Insurance Schemes for the Informal Sector in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review

The World Bank Research Observer ◽

10.1093/wbro/lks009 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 236-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

A. Acharya ◽

S. Vellakkal ◽

F. Taylor ◽

E. Masset ◽

A. Satija ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Health Insurance ◽

Informal Sector ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

The Impact ◽

Low And Middle Income

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Pengaruh Pendapatan, Pengetahuan Dan Kerentanan Penyakit Terhadap Willingness To Pay (WTP) Premi Jaminan Kesehatan Pada Pekerja Sektor Informal

KESMAS UWIGAMA: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat ◽

10.24903/kujkm.v7i1.1094 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 48-59

Author(s):

Anom Dwi Prakoso

Keyword(s):

Health Insurance ◽

Willingness To Pay ◽

Informal Sector ◽

Low Income ◽

Disease Susceptibility ◽

Universal Coverage ◽

Health Coverage ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Susceptibility Data ◽

Central Java

Background: The Indonesian Government's target of Universal Coverage or 100% Health Insurance participation by 2019 failed to be achieved, even until the end of October 2020. The failure of universal coverage resulted in BPJS Health's finances getting worse after experiencing a deficit. Informal sector workers are the most dominant sector that has not participated in the Health Insurance scheme, totaling 30,487,891 workers. Low income, uncertainty each month, and the increase in contributions resulted in a decrease in Willingness to pay Health Insurance contributions. Research purposes: The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of income, knowledge, and disease susceptibility to the willingness to pay (WTP) of health insurance contributions to informal sector workers. Method: This cross-sectional research was conducted in Kudus Regency, Central Java in January-February 2020. Sampling used purposive sampling with a total of 200 informal sector workers who had not yet participated in BPJS Kesehatan. The dependent variable is a willingness to pay. The independent variables are income, knowledge, and disease susceptibility. Data collection using a questionnaire and data analysis with logistic regression. Result: Willingness To Pay health insurance contributions for informal sector workers increased in income ≥Rp 2,218,451 (b = 2.02; 95% CI = 1.01-3.55; p = 0.044), high knowledge (b = 4.64; 95% CI = 2.36-8.31; p <0.001), high disease susceptibility (b = 3.01; 95% CI = 0.26-5.75; p = 0.031). Conclusion: Income, knowledge, and disease vulnerability have a significant effect on the willingness to pay for health insurance contributions for informal sector workers. Keywords: Universal Health Coverage; Willingness To Pay; Health Insurance; informal sector workers.

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Evaluating the Impact and Effectiveness of Community-Based Health Insurance Policy Among Informal Sector in Lagos State Using Donabedian Model

International Journal of Public and Private Perspectives on Healthcare Culture and the Environment ◽

10.4018/ijppphce.2021070105 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 65-80

Author(s):

Afeez Kolawole Shittu ◽

Kikelomo Aboyowa Mbada ◽

Temitayo Isaac Odeyemi

Keyword(s):

Health Insurance ◽

Informal Sector ◽

Urban Areas ◽

National Level ◽

Community Based ◽

Community Based Health Insurance ◽

Healthcare Needs ◽

Lagos State ◽

Donabedian Model ◽

The Impact

The study used the Donabedian model (process, structure, and outcome) to evaluate the impact and effectiveness of the Community Based Health Insurance Scheme (CBHIS) among informal sector population in rural and semi-urban areas of Lagos State, and the respondents were drawn among the market men and women, motorist, among others. Three hundred and eighty-four (384) respondents were sampled based on the research advisor's sampling size. Lagos State is stratified along with its three senatorial districts and a local government each is purposively selected based on the full implementation of CBHIS. Data were analysed using descriptive and interferential statistics and the result revealed that 55% of respondents attested to the effectiveness of CBHIS in drastically reducing the cost of medical services and enhancing equal accessibility for healthcare needs. On the other hand, the implementation of CBHIS has no significant impact on healthcare service delivery due to the unfriendly attitude of healthcare providers towards the beneficiaries. The study concluded by providing information on the outcomes of CBHIS implementation at the sub-national level of government in Nigeria and suggest ways of improvement.

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Perempuan dan Kesejahteraan Rumah Tangga Sektor Informal di Indonesia

Jurnal Ekonomi Indonesia ◽

10.52813/jei.v10i1.61 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 43-54

Author(s):

Vitriyani Tri Purwaningsih

Keyword(s):

Family Life ◽

Instrumental Variable ◽

Two Stage ◽

Indonesia Family Life Survey

Rumah tangga yang dipimpin oleh perempuan cenderung lebih banyak berkerja pada sektor informal yang memiliki pendapatan rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kesejahteraan antara pekerja informal dan formal di antara rumah tangga yang dipimpin oleh seorang perempuan. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder yang berasal dari Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) 2014, dengan metode analisis Two Stage LeastSquare (2SLS) menggunakan pendekatan instrumental variable. Temuan dari penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa rumah tangga yang dikepalai oleh perempuan yang bekerja di sektor informal memiliki kesejahteraan yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan rumah tangga sektor formal. Usia kepala rumah tangga perempuan yang lebih dewasa, memiliki lahan pertanian dan tabungan mampu meningkatkan pengeluaran per kapita bulanan.Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa adanya kesenjangan antar sektor namun kepemilikan aset dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan di antara rumah tangga perempuan.

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Impact Evaluation of Raskin Program using Matching Method: Case of IFLS 5

JEJAK ◽

10.15294/jejak.v11i1.9192 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 207-223

Author(s):

Endiarjati Dewandaru Sadono

Keyword(s):

Propensity Score ◽

Propensity Score Matching ◽

Family Life ◽

Household Income ◽

Impact Evaluation ◽

Matching Method ◽

Indonesia Family Life Survey ◽

Small Benefit ◽

Using Data ◽

The Impact

Beras untuk Keluarga Miskin (RASKIN) program has been applied since 1998 and has been renamed as Beras Sejahtera (RASTRA) in early 2017, but their effectiveness is still debatable. This study tries to evaluate the impact of RASKIN program on household income. Using data from 3,745 households in Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) 5 that has been estimated using propensity score matching, this study has identified precisely that RASKIN program has a negative and significant effect on household income. This happens because the benefits that reveived by Rumah Tangga Sasaran (RTS) are very small. The small benefit is affected by the amount of rice received, frequency and price that have been paid to get RASKIN is not in accordance with the guidelines. The result of this study is along with previous studies, where the amount and price of rice that distributed through RASKIN program is not exactly correct. Therefore, there must be a change in program format, not just renaming from RASKIN to RASTRA only.

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