Evaluating the Impact and Effectiveness of Community-Based Health Insurance Policy Among Informal Sector in Lagos State Using Donabedian Model

The study used the Donabedian model (process, structure, and outcome) to evaluate the impact and effectiveness of the Community Based Health Insurance Scheme (CBHIS) among informal sector population in rural and semi-urban areas of Lagos State, and the respondents were drawn among the market men and women, motorist, among others. Three hundred and eighty-four (384) respondents were sampled based on the research advisor's sampling size. Lagos State is stratified along with its three senatorial districts and a local government each is purposively selected based on the full implementation of CBHIS. Data were analysed using descriptive and interferential statistics and the result revealed that 55% of respondents attested to the effectiveness of CBHIS in drastically reducing the cost of medical services and enhancing equal accessibility for healthcare needs. On the other hand, the implementation of CBHIS has no significant impact on healthcare service delivery due to the unfriendly attitude of healthcare providers towards the beneficiaries. The study concluded by providing information on the outcomes of CBHIS implementation at the sub-national level of government in Nigeria and suggest ways of improvement.

Implementing Project Portfolio Management at Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Facilities

Pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities are complex entities that are heavily regulated by health authorities. Manufacturing sites are challenged by increased production costs, tight regulations, and heavy competition. Without a disciplined and organized management of initiatives, projects end up being terminated due to poor performance or misalignment with strategy. This study examines different types of project needs at regulated manufacturing facilities and determines how the project portfolio management processes aids the manufacturing facilities in screening and selecting projects that aid in achieving the organization's strategic goals. Moreover, the study finds not one set of criteria can fit all projects in pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities. As a result, segregation of projects into different categories and then applying funds allocation ratio and the pre-screening criteria is proposed. Finally, the study contributes new logic inputs to the screening process within the body of the program and portfolio management.

An Initial Approach for Biofeedback-Based Stress Analysis

Stress is a customary response the body has once changes happen. The body responds to progressions with physical, mental, and enthusiastic reactions. Stress could be a traditional and an everyday issue. You will be prepared to worry from your air, your body, and your thoughts. The authors explore stress through some polls. The present article is an effort to measure the mental fitness of subjects in Delhi, NCR region of India and is a representation of the South Asian continent.

A Literature Content Analysis of Performance Incentives and Organizational Development Practices Focused on Nursing Job Satisfaction in Complex Health

In 2016, millennials surpassed Baby Boomers as the largest living generation in the United States. As more millennials have entered the nursing workforce, healthcare leaders have confronted a growing challenge of nursing shortages and high turnover rates for young nurses. Although nurses of all ages were pleased with their career choices, differences exist in how nurses in various age groups view job satisfaction, ideal workplace cultures, and workplace rewards. Generational differences among the nursing workforce have resulted in an increase in turnover, decreased retention, motivation, and job loyalty that have comprised the work environment of healthcare facilities. This inquiry uses an exploratory content analysis of the literature to understand the complex health administration challenges of creating managing, motivating, and retaining nurses.

Socio-Spatial Analysis of Exposure and Susceptibility to Irrigation Water Quality Risk

Climate variability and population growth has increased irrigation water usage in Ghana. The study compared microbial levels of irrigation water, differences in exposure, and perceptions of microbial contamination in a peri-urban and rural community. A mixed method approach was used to collect and analyse primary data. Water samples were collected and tested for faecal coliform and E. coli counts. Further, a survey, focus group discussion, and observation were used to understand the demographics of irrigation water use. Results show widespread irrigation water contamination with levels higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) acceptable threshold. The survey, focus group discussion, and observation also reveal that majority of the users of irrigation water uses their water untreated and may be vulnerable to water-borne diseases. Also, the exposure to these contaminants were location specific and correlated with level of education, years of farming experience, and agronomic practices. The study recommends education to improve the irrigation water quality and agronomic practices.

Will Quality Measures Debunk Quality Care in the Nursing Home Industry?

This research analyzes publicly available information on the quality of services delivered by healthcare organizations. The accessibility and transparency of healthcare data is exponentially growing. Due to the complexity of different provider groups in healthcare, the focus is on the nursing home industry. A key objective of this research is to explore any association among the government-defined quality ratings, cost-effectiveness, and quality care provided by a nursing home. Quality and performance metrics for all nursing homes that receive reimbursements from CMS is in the public domain. The CMS purports that nursing homes with high overall star ratings provide excellent healthcare to their residents. A surprising result from this study found high-quality-rated nursing homes with more nurse hours per resident provided lower quality care than nursing homes, which had lower nursing hours per resident. The research also suggests that healthcare organizations, such as nursing homes, acquire business analytics (BA) capabilities for specific government metrics.

Health Insurance and Determinants of Perceived Healthcare Service Quality in Jordan

This study demonstrates the determinants that affect the perception of quality of healthcare services in Jordan. A cross-sectional study was conducted in order to determine the perception of quality of healthcare services and relating variables including availability of health insurance and quality of health insurance. This study supports the findings of other studies that health insurance influences the perception of quality of healthcare services provided. However, it is also clear that Jordanians consider the availability of doctors, ability to obtain specialist care, accessibility to health services, and cooperation of healthcare workers as significant determinants when conceptualizing the quality of healthcare and its services. The amount of premium paid had a significant association, which could reflect on valuing the money they pay and expecting high-quality care in return. Being insured increases the likelihood of perceiving higher quality of healthcare.

Effect of Automotive Emissions on Human Health

Vehicular emissions are creating major problems to the urban residents following by health impacts. According to WHO, Gwalior ranks second in the most air polluted city in India. The study is carried out to estimate automotive emissions, health effects, and estimation of health damage cost. Seven major junctions have been identified in which the highest peak hour PCU is observed at Bada (13,859) followed by Railway Station and Gole ka Mandir which accounts for through as well as destined traffic of whole city. According to the BS Norms, reduction in emission is calculated for different a pollutant, which shows 40.02Kg of CO concentration in BS III which reduces to 20.06 Kg in BSVI. Lastly, health damage cost for different Norms has been calculated which shows Rs.4938.54 for BSIII & Rs.467.33 for BS VI under low cost scenario. Health damage cost under high cost scenario for BS III shares Rs.68436.63 and Rs.6424.64 for BSVI. Introduction of cleaner fuels, maintenance of vehicles, and regular inspection of vehicles should be done to improve the quality of life of people.

African Culture and Sustainability

This article is aimed at discussing the relevance of African culture and its values to the contemporary society. The qualitative approach was used in this work. The results arrived at shows that African traditional practices in the Western Highlands of Cameroon has over time developed cultural values which are concomitant to the objectives of MDGs and SDGs. But, in most cases, these values have been neglected by national and international development agencies leading to continuous clashes between traditional African values and what the people consider as foreign to them. However, some aspects of the culture have remained inimical to human rights and local development. Therefore, for African culture to entirely play its role in achieving sustainable development, the paper holds that a cultural hybridisation is an ultimate solution to the problems faced by indigenous practices and external policies of development.

Irregular Ecologies

Cameroon, since 2016, has been witnessing what is now commonly referred to as the Anglophone Crisis (or the Ambazonia War) that has kept economic and social activities in the Anglophone Regions of Cameroon at bay with serious socio-economic implications on the local communities and the economic tissue of the regions. This paper explores the socio-economic challenges faced by the North West and South West Regions of Cameroon through the provision of a comprehensive analysis of the trends and economic implications of Anglophone Crisis. Moreover, the nature of conflicts has changed, with traditional civil wars giving way to non-state-based conflicts, including the targeting of civilians through terrorist attacks. The paper recommends that Cameroon, with the help of her partners, should focus on limiting the loss of human and physical capital by protecting social and development spending.