scholarly journals Effects of visual span on reading speed and parafoveal processing in eye movements during sentence reading

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 11-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Risse
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Reading Speed ◽  
Parafoveal Processing ◽  
Visual Span ◽  
Sentence Reading

scholarly journals Aging and Pattern Complexity Effects on the Visual Span: Evidence from Chinese Character Recognition

Vision ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Xie ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
Sainan Zhao ◽  
Jingxin Wang ◽  
Kevin Paterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Character Recognition ◽  
Reading Speed ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Chinese Characters ◽  
High Complexity ◽  
Pattern Complexity ◽  
Visual Span ◽  
Sentence Reading ◽  
Age Related

Research suggests that pattern complexity (number of strokes) limits the visual span for Chinese characters, and that this may have important consequences for reading. With the present research, we investigated age differences in the visual span for Chinese characters by presenting trigrams of low, medium or high complexity at various locations relative to a central point to young (18–30 years) and older (60+ years) adults. A sentence reading task was used to assess their reading speed. The results showed that span size was smaller for high complexity stimuli compared to low and medium complexity stimuli for both age groups, replicating previous findings with young adult participants. Our results additionally showed that this influence of pattern complexity was greater for the older than younger adults, such that while there was little age difference in span size for low and medium complexity stimuli, span size for high complexity stimuli was almost halved in size for the older compared to the young adults. Finally, our results showed that span size correlated with sentence reading speed, confirming previous findings taken as evidence that the visual span imposes perceptual limits on reading speed. We discuss these findings in relation to age-related difficulty reading Chinese.

scholarly journals Predictability effects and parafoveal processing in older readers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Veldre ◽  
Roslyn Wong ◽  
Sally Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Parafoveal Processing ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Sentence Reading ◽  
Reading Measures ◽  
Word Skipping ◽  
Effects Of Aging

Normative aging is accompanied by visual and cognitive changes that impact the systems that are critical for fluent reading. The patterns of eye movements during reading displayed by older adults have been characterized as demonstrating a trade-off between longer forward saccades and more word skipping versus higher rates of regressions back to previously read text. This pattern is assumed to reflect older readers’ reliance on top-down contextual information to compensate for reduced uptake of parafoveal information from yet-to-be fixated words. However, the empirical evidence for these assumptions is equivocal. This study investigated the depth of older readers’ parafoveal processing as indexed by sensitivity to the contextual plausibility of parafoveal words in both neutral and highly constraining sentence contexts. The eye movements of 65 cognitively intact older adults (61-87 years) were compared with data previously collected from young adults in two sentence reading experiments in which critical target words were replaced by valid, plausible, related, or implausible previews until the reader fixated on the target word location. Older and younger adults showed equivalent plausibility preview benefits on first-pass reading measures of both predictable and unpredictable words. However, older readers did not show the benefit of preview orthographic relatedness that was observed in young adults, and showed significantly attenuated preview validity effects. Taken together, the data suggest that older readers are specifically impaired in the integration of parafoveal and foveal information but do not show deficits in the depth of parafoveal processing. The implications for understanding the effects of aging on reading are discussed.

Age Differences in Eye Movements During Reading: Degenerative Problems or Compensatory Strategy?

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-311
Author(s):  
José David Moreno ◽  
José A. León ◽  
Lorena A. M. Arnal ◽  
Juan Botella
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Sentence Reading ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Eye Movements During Reading

Abstract. We report the results of a meta-analysis of 22 experiments comparing the eye movement data obtained from young ( Mage = 21 years) and old ( Mage = 73 years) readers. The data included six eye movement measures (mean gaze duration, mean fixation duration, total sentence reading time, mean number of fixations, mean number of regressions, and mean length of progressive saccade eye movements). Estimates were obtained of the typified mean difference, d, between the age groups in all six measures. The results showed positive combined effect size estimates in favor of the young adult group (between 0.54 and 3.66 in all measures), although the difference for the mean number of fixations was not significant. Young adults make in a systematic way, shorter gazes, fewer regressions, and shorter saccadic movements during reading than older adults, and they also read faster. The meta-analysis results confirm statistically the most common patterns observed in previous research; therefore, eye movements seem to be a useful tool to measure behavioral changes due to the aging process. Moreover, these results do not allow us to discard either of the two main hypotheses assessed for explaining the observed aging effects, namely neural degenerative problems and the adoption of compensatory strategies.

EFFECT OF MONOVISION CONTACT LENSES ON READING EYE MOVEMENTS, READING SPEED AND COMPREHENSION.

2002 ◽  
Vol 79 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 292
Author(s):  
Sandy Johal ◽  
Nazima Sangha ◽  
Bradley Coffey ◽  
Peter Bergenske ◽  
Patrick Caroline
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Reading Speed

Exploring the Associations between Reading Skills and Eye Movements in Elementary Children’s Silent Sentence Reading

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Sungyoon Lee ◽  
Steven Woltering ◽  
Christopher Prickett ◽  
Qinxin Shi ◽  
Huilin Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Reading Skills ◽  
Sentence Reading

Using Eye Movements to Investigate Word Frequency Effects in Children's Sentence Reading

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly S. S. L. Joseph ◽  
Kate Nation ◽  
Simon P. Liversedge
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Word Frequency ◽  
Frequency Effects ◽  
Sentence Reading

The processing of blend words in naming and sentence reading

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 847-857
Author(s):  
Rebecca L Johnson ◽  
Sarah Rose Slate ◽  
Allison R Teevan ◽  
Barbara J Juhasz
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
Processing Times ◽  
Sentence Reading ◽  
Word Familiarity ◽  
Complex Words ◽  
Eye Movements During Reading

Research exploring the processing of morphologically complex words, such as compound words, has found that they are decomposed into their constituent parts during processing. Although much is known about the processing of compound words, very little is known about the processing of lexicalised blend words, which are created from parts of two words, often with phoneme overlap (e.g., brunch). In the current study, blends were matched with non-blend words on a variety of lexical characteristics, and blend processing was examined using two tasks: a naming task and an eye-tracking task that recorded eye movements during reading. Results showed that blend words were processed more slowly than non-blend control words in both tasks. Blend words led to longer reaction times in naming and longer processing times on several eye movement measures compared to non-blend words. This was especially true for blends that were long, rated low in word familiarity, but were easily recognisable as blends.

Does Inverting Text Improve Reading Performance in Homonymous Hemianopes?

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 77-77
Author(s):  
M R Baker ◽  
J Henderson ◽  
A Hill
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Reading Speed ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Visual Field Loss ◽  
Reading Performance ◽  
Sensory Level ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Cognitive Component ◽  
The Right

Anecdotal information from rehabilitation practice of reading performance and low-vision practice suggests that where right homonymous parafoveal field loss impairs reading at the visual-sensory level, an improvement in reading speed can be achieved by inverting the text. This is because whilst left-field loss is considered to impair return eye movements to the beginning of a line, right-field loss is considered to reduce the spatial size of the perceptual window and increase its temporal extent by prolonging fixations times, reducing the amplitudes of saccades to the right, and introducing frequent regressive saccades. Inverting the text was thought to reverse these effects as the leading edge of the perceptual window is ‘returned’ to the sighted field so that in-line saccades can be visually guided. Here we report that this does not appear to be the case. In our study we measured the eye movements of patients with right homonymous hemianopia and others with peripheral loss due to retinitis pigmentosa as well as normal controls using an infrared video eye-tracker. All groups display a similar proportional prolongation of fixations times, reduction of saccadic amplitude, and proportion of regressive saccades when asked to read inverted text, which suggests a cognitive component of impairment independent of visual field loss in right homonymous hemianopes.

Reading with Visual Field Defects

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 11-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Trauzettel-Klosinski
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
Reading Speed ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Zero Point ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Video Tape ◽  
Field Defects

The influence of different visual field defects on the reading performance was examined with potential adaptive strategies to improve the reading process in mind. By means of an SLO, the retinal fixation locus (RFL) was determined with the use of single targets and text, and eye movements scanning the text were recorded on video tape. Additionally, eye movements were monitored by an Infrared Limbus Tracker. Visual fields were assessed by the Tübingen Manual and/or automatic perimetry. Normal subjects, and patients with central scotomata, ring scotomata, and hemianopic field defects (HFD) were examined. The main pathological reading parameters were an increase of saccade frequency and regressions per line, and a decrease of reading speed. In patients with field defects involving the visual field centre, fixation behaviour is significant for regaining reading ability. In absolute central scotoma, the lost foveal function promotes eccentric fixation. The remaining problem is insufficient resolution of the RFL, which can be compensated for by magnification of the text. In patients with insufficient size of their reading visual field, due to HFD and ring scotoma, it is crucial that they learn to use a new RFL despite intact foveolar function. Preconditions for reading have been found to be: (1) sufficient resolution of the RFL, (2) a reading visual field of a minimum extent, and (3) intact basic oculomotor function. In patients with visual field defects involving the centre, a sensory-motor adaptation process is required: the use of a new RFL as the new centre of the visual field and as the new zero point for eye-movement coordinates.

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