scholarly journals Top-down and bottom-up influences on saccades in a visual search task

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 449-449
Author(s):  
B. R. Beutter ◽  
J. Toscano ◽  
L. S. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up

Bottom-up perceptual salience and top-down retro-cues concurrently determine state in visual working memory

2020 ◽  
pp. 174702182096626
Author(s):  
Lingxia Fan ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Liuting Diao ◽  
Mengsi Xu ◽  
Ruiyang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Search ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Salient Feature ◽  
Active State ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Perceptual Salience

Recent studies have demonstrated that in visual working memory (VWM), only items in an active state can guide attention. Further evidence has revealed that items with higher perceptual salience or items prioritised by a valid retro-cue in VWM tend to be in an active state. However, it is unclear which factor (perceptual salience or retro-cues) is more important for influencing the item state in VWM or whether the factors can act concurrently. Experiment 1 examined the role of perceptual salience by asking participants to hold two features with relatively different perceptual salience (colour vs. shape) in VWM while completing a visual search task. Guidance effects were found when either colour or both colour and shape in VWM matched one of the search distractors but not when shape matched. This demonstrated that the more salient feature in VWM can actively guide attention, while the less salient feature cannot. However, when shape in VWM was cued to be more relevant (prioritised) in Experiment 2, we found guidance effects in both colour-match and shape-match conditions. That is, both more salient but non-cued colour and less salient but cued shape could be active in VWM, such that attentional selection was affected by the matching colour or shape in the visual search task. This suggests that bottom-up perceptual salience and top-down retro-cues can jointly determine the active state in VWM.

On the Temporal Relation of Top–Down and Bottom–Up Mechanisms during Guidance of Attention

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 640-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wykowska ◽  
Anna Schubö
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Target Item ◽  
Search Display ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Focal Attention ◽  
Dynamic Interplay

Two mechanisms are said to be responsible for guiding focal attention in visual selection: bottom–up, saliency-driven capture and top–down control. These mechanisms were examined with a paradigm that combined a visual search task with postdisplay probe detection. Two SOAs between the search display and probe onsets were introduced to investigate how attention was allocated to particular items at different points in time. The dynamic interplay between bottom–up and top–down mechanisms was investigated with ERP methodology. ERPs locked to the search displays showed that top–down control needed time to develop. N2pc indicated allocation of attention to the target item and not to the irrelevant singleton. ERPs locked to probes revealed modulations in the P1 component reflecting top–down control of focal attention at the long SOA. Early bottom–up effects were observed in the error rates at the short SOA. Taken together, the present results show that the top–down mechanism takes time to guide focal attention to the relevant target item and that it is potent enough to limit bottom–up attentional capture.

scholarly journals Emotional metacontrol of attention: Top-down modulation of sensorimotor processes in a robotic visual search task

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. e0184960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwen Belkaid ◽  
Nicolas Cuperlier ◽  
Philippe Gaussier
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Sensorimotor Processes

scholarly journals Visual Search P300 Source Analysis Based On ERP-fMRI Integration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuzhu Zhang ◽  
Cimei Luo ◽  
Junjun Zhang ◽  
Zhenlan Jin ◽  
Ling Li
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Source Location ◽  
Attention Control ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
P300 Component

ABSTRACTAttention control can be achieved in two ways, stimulus-driven bottom-up attention and goal-driven top-down attention. Different visual search tasks involve different attention control. The pop-out task requires more bottom-up attention, whereas the search task involves more top-down attention. P300 which is the positive potential generated by the brain in the latency of 300-600 ms after the stimulus, reflects the processing of cognitive process and is an important component in visual attention. The P300 source is not consistent in the previous researches, our aim therefore, is to study the source location of P300 component based on visual search attention process. Here we use pop-out and search paradigm to get the ERP data of 13 subjects and the fMRI data of 25 subjects, and analyze the source location of P300 using the ERP-fMRI integration technology with high temporal resolution and high spatial resolution. The target differs from the distractor in color and orientation in the pop-out task, whereas the target and the distractor have different orientation and the same color in the search task. ERP results indicate that pop-out induces larger P300 concentrated in the parietal lobe, whereas search induced P300 is more distributed in the frontal lobe. Further ERP and fMRI integration analyses reveal that the left angular gyrus, right postcentral gyrus of parietal lobe and the left superior frontal gyrus (medial orbital) are the source of P300. Our study suggests the contribution of the frontal and parietal lobes to the P300 component.

The efficiency of visual search for a frequently changed target is preserved in older adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182098635
Author(s):  
Hana Yabuki ◽  
Stephanie C Goodhew
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Visual Search ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Target Type ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Trial Basis

Visual search is a psychological function integral to most people’s daily lives. The extent to which visual search efficiency, and in particular the ability to use top-down attention in visual search, changes across the lifespan has been the focus of ongoing research. Here we sought to understand how the ability to frequently and dynamically change the target in a conjunction search task was affected by ageing. To do this, we compared visual search performance of a group of younger and older adults under conditions in which the target type was determined by a cue and could change on trial-to-trial basis (Intermixed), versus when the target type was fixed for a block of trials (Blocked). Although older adults were overall slower at the conjunction visual search task, and both groups were slower in the Intermixed compared with the Blocked Condition, older adults were not disproportionately affected by the Intermixed relative to the Blocked conditions. These results indicate that the ability to frequently change the target of visual search is preserved in older adults. This conclusion is consistent with an emerging consensus that many aspects of visual search and top-down contributions to it are preserved across the lifespan. It is also consistent with a growing body of work which challenges the neurocognitive theories of ageing that predict sweeping deficits in complex top-down components of cognition.

scholarly journals Frontal Eye Field Activity Before Visual Search Errors Reveals the Integration of Bottom-Up and Top-Down Salience

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 337-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirk G. Thompson ◽  
Narcisse P. Bichot ◽  
Takashi R. Sato
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Target Selection ◽  
Saccade Target ◽  
Frontal Eye Field ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Singleton Search ◽  
Eye Field

We investigated the saccade decision process by examining activity recorded in the frontal eye field (FEF) of monkeys performing 2 separate visual search experiments in which there were errors in saccade target choice. In the first experiment, the difficulty of a singleton search task was manipulated by varying the similarity between the target and distractors; errors were made more often when the distractors were similar to the target. On catch trials in which the target was absent the monkeys occasionally made false alarm errors by shifting gaze to one of the distractors. The second experiment was a popout color visual search task in which the target and distractor colors switched unpredictably across trials. Errors occurred most frequently on the first trial after the switch and less often on subsequent trials. In both experiments, FEF neurons selected the saccade goal on error trials, not the singleton target of the search array. Although saccades were made to the same stimulus locations, presaccadic activation and the magnitude of selection differed across trial conditions. The variation in presaccadic selective activity was accounted for by the variation in saccade probability across the stimulus–response conditions, but not by variations in saccade metrics. These results suggest that FEF serves as a saccade probability map derived from the combination of bottom-up and top-down influences. Peaks on this map represent the behavioral relevance of each item in the visual field rather than just reflecting saccade preparation. This map in FEF may correspond to the theoretical salience map of many models of attention and saccade target selection.

scholarly journals Modeling the Temporal Dynamics of IT Neurons in Visual Search: A Mechanism for Top-Down Selective Attention

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Usher ◽  
Ernst Niebur
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Neural Model ◽  
Cell Assembly ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Short Period

We propose a neural model for object-oriented attention in which various visual stimuli (shapes, colors, letters, etc.) are represented by competing, mutually inhibitory, cell assemblies. The model's response to a sequence of cue and target stimuli mimics the neural responses in infero temporal (IT) visual cortex of monkeys performing a visual search task: enhanced response during the display of the stimulus, which decays but remains above a spontaneous rate after the cue disappears. When, subsequently, a display consisting of the target and several distractors is presented, the activity of all stimulus-driven cells is initially enhanced. After a short period of time, however, the activity of the cell assembly representing the cue stimulus is enhanced while the activity of the distractors decays because of mutual competition and a small top-down “expectational” input. The model fits the measured delayed activity in IT-cortex, recently reported by Chelazzi, Miller, Duncan, and Desimone (1993a), and we suggest that such a process, which is largely independent of the number of distractors, may be used by the visual system for selecting an expected target (appearing at an uncertain location) among distractors.

Priming Race in Biracial Observers Affects Visual Search for Black and White Faces

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Y. Chiao ◽  
Hannah E. Heck ◽  
Ken Nakayama ◽  
Nalini Ambady
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Racial Identity ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Black Identity ◽  
White Identity ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Search Asymmetry ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Black Faces

We examined whether or not priming racial identity would influence Black-White biracial individuals' ability to visually search for White and Black faces. Black, White, and biracial participants performed a visual search task in which the targets were Black or White faces. Before the task, the biracial participants were primed with either their Black or their White racial identity. All participant groups detected Black faces faster than White faces. Critically, the results also showed a racial-prime effect in biracial individuals: The magnitude of the search asymmetry was significantly different for those primed with their White identity and those primed with their Black identity. These findings suggest that top-down factors such as one's racial identity can influence mechanisms underlying the visual search for faces of different races.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document