scholarly journals Expression of CXCL9, -10, -11, and CXCR3 in the Tear Film and Ocular Surface of Patients with Dry Eye Syndrome

2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung-Chul Yoon ◽  
Chang-Soo Park ◽  
In-Cheon You ◽  
Hwan-Jun Choi ◽  
Kwang-Hoon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Dry Eye Syndrome

scholarly journals Profilo farmacologico clinico e farmacoeconomico di un gel oftalmico a base di carbomero 974P e PVA (Siccafluid®) nella terapia della cheratocongiuntivite secca

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-196
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Pradelli ◽  
Letizia Vacchini
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Dry Eye Syndrome ◽  
Lubricating Film ◽  
Tear Production ◽  
Ocular Discomfort ◽  
Ophthalmic Solutions

BACKGROUND: The dry eye sindrome refers to a group of disorders of the tear film due to reduced tear production or excessive tear evaporation that is associated with symptoms of ocular discomfort and may cause disease of the ocular surface. Dry eye syndrome varies in severity, duration and etiology. The cornerstone of dry eye syndrome therapies includes the intraocular gel or ophthalmic solutions instillation, reaching correct artificial lubrication. Molecules that can produce a stable lubricating film are the carbomers. METHODS: In the first step of our work we reviewed the data from literature reporting about carbomers’ characteristics in respect to other lacrimal substitutes. Then, a pharmacoeconomical analysis has been performed on ophtalmic gels derived from carbomers 974P and PVA. RESULTS: Dry eye sindrome, if not adequately treated, determines a deterioration of the patient’s quality of life, other than high secondary costs. CONCLUSION: The high therapeutical index of carbomers 974P and PVA-based gels, in addition to the their limited cost (totally free for Sjögren patients in Italy), suggests that this product is characterized by one of the best benefits-to-costs ratios in the treatment of dry eye sindrome.

Correlation between Non-Invasive Tear Breakup Time and Invasive Tear Breakup Time for Dry Eye Syndrome Diagnosis

The Eye ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
K. A. Mubarakova ◽  
S. A. Mukhanov ◽  
I. F. Saliyev ◽  
N. H. Habibullayeva
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Dry Eye Syndrome ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Syndrome Diagnosis ◽  
Breakup Time ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Schirmer I Test

Introduction: in today’s digital environment, dry eye complaints step forward in all age groups. Along with dry eye syndrome, the diagnosis of which is not complicated, there are other causes of dryness such as dysfunction of the tear film and Meibomian glands, etc. For the early detection of the above conditions, invasive diagnostic methods are mainly used.Aim: to compare Non-Invasive Tear Breakup Time (NITBUT) assessed with LacryDiag ocular surface analyzer to results of invasive tests for dry eye syndrome diagnosis to determine the possibility of a wider use of LacryDiag in practical ophthalmology. Materials and Methods: 50 patients with dry eye, burning and feeling of a foreign body complaints participated in this study. Mean age amounted to 28.85 ± 5.86 years. NITBUT was assessed with LacryDiag ocular surface analyzer. The data obtained was compared to the results of Invasive Tear Breakup Time (TBUT) – Norne test, and Schirmer I test.Results: both quantitative and qualitative values of tear film stability were analyzed in all participants. Based on results of the Schirmer I test, patients were divided into subgroups: where it was greater than 21 mm, between 11 and 20 mm, between 6 and 10 mm, and less than 5 mm/ The mean value of the Schirmer I test result amounted to 15.32 ± 6.05 mm/5 min, NITBUT amounted to 9.59 ± 4.37 s, while invasive TBUT amounted to 8.98 ± 3.79 s. It was found that invasive TBUT is in a strong direct correlation with NITBUT values (p <0.001, r = 0.554). No correlation was discovered between Schirmer I test results and TBUT (p = 0.15, r = 0.207) as well as between Schirmer I test result and NITBUT (p = 0.17, r =0.228). No correlation was found between the optical power of the cornea and the tear film structure abnormalities.Conclusion: a strong correlation was found between results of invasive and non-invasive methods of tear film breakup time assessment. No correlation was found between the optical power of the cornea and the tear film disruption. The non-invasive test was found to be an effective and objective method for diagnosing dry eye.

Clinical manifestations of the dry eye syndrome for women in menopause

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Nataliya Nikolayevna Sadovnikova ◽  
Galiya Fettyakhovna Kutusheva
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Dry Eye Syndrome ◽  
Menopausal Syndrome ◽  
Film Stability ◽  
Tear Film Stability ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Subjective Discomfort

To assess the effect of menopausal syndrome manifestations in the manifestation of «dry eye» examined 63 women . All examined the condition of the ocular surface, tear film stability, severity of subjective discomfort . Revealed that the dry eye syndrome in postmenopausal women occurs predominantly in the mild and moderate forms, with the severity of clinical and functional features of dry eye syndrome significantly correlated with severity of menopausal symptoms .

scholarly journals New Possibilities of Tear Replacement Therapy in Patients with Dry Eye Syndrome of Various Origins

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-251
Author(s):  
V. V. Brzheskiy ◽  
S. Yu. Golubev ◽  
I. V. Brzheskaya ◽  
V. Yu. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Sodium Hyaluronate ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Dry Eye Syndrome ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Film Stability ◽  
Days Of Therapy

The artificial tears on the basis hyaluronic acid is primary importance today in dry eye syndrome (DES) treatment. In recent years, they have been supplemented Optinol® Express Moisture (0.21 %) and Optinol® Deep Moisture (0.4 %) differing concentrations of sodium hyaluronate and viscosity. The study is devoted to assessing the effectiveness of these drugs in the treatment of patients with dry eye syndrome (DES) of various etiology and severities.There were 73 volunteers with DES of various etiology: 21 — Sjogren’s syndrome, 24 — meibomian blepharitis, and 28 — perimenopause in the study. All patients were divided into 2 groups: 36 patients of the first group received instillations into conjunctival cavity of the Optinol® Express Moisture (0.21 %) and 37 patients of the second group — Optinol® Deep moistening (0.4 %).Starting from the first days of therapy, all patients had a decrease in the severity of subjective signs of DES, estimated by the value of the ocular surface disease index (OSDI). At the same time, tendency to stop of the degenerative changes in the epithelium of the ocular surface was established. It is characterized by a decrease in the degree of staining. The increasement of the tear film stability and an index of the tear meniscus was found in all patients. The dynamics of the controlled parameters increased, as the instillation of the drugs took place and by the 30th day of therapy. There were significant differences from the baseline values. At the same time, the Optinol® Express Moisture (0.21 %) was more effective (mainly in terms of subjective discomfort and the severity of degenerative changes in the epithelium of the ocular surface) in patients with mild and extremely severe form of the xerosis process.The drug Optinol® Deep Moisture (0.4 %) was more effective in patients with xerosis of moderate severity and severe by the same parameters. In the course of research, we have not observed any side effects of both drugs. It allows us to recommend the drugs Optinol® Express Moisture (0.21 %) and Optinol® Deep Moisture (0.4 %) to widespread clinical use in treating patients with DES of various etiology. 

scholarly journals Efficacy of cyclosporine 0.05% in patients with dry eye syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 3339
Author(s):  
Jitender Phogat ◽  
Ritesh Verma ◽  
Manisha Rathi ◽  
Sumit Sachdeva ◽  
Latika Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Dry Eye Syndrome ◽  
Paper Test ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Ocular Symptoms ◽  
Body Sensation ◽  
Ocular Discomfort ◽  
Breakup Time

Background: An even and smooth ocular surface is vital for the functioning and comfort of the eyes. Dry eye is a group of disorders of the tear film which is due to either decreased production or increased evaporation and is associated with symptoms of ocular discomfort. Smoking and drugs have been suggested as risk factors in various studies. Cyclosporine has been shown to reduce the cell-mediated inflammatory reactions associated with the inflammatory ocular surface disease.Methods: 50 eyes of 25 patients suffering from dry-eye syndrome were included in this study. Three major ocular symptoms of dry eye i.e., ocular pain, burning, and foreign body sensation were studied in this study. Each symptom was given a score from 0 to 1 so that the ocular symptoms were given a score from 0 to 3.Results: There was a significant reduction in ocular symptoms score (OSS) 2.25 before treatment to 0.6 after 3 months of treatment (p=0.01). In addition, the Schirmer's paper test scores improved from 1.23 mm to 5.91 mm, which is significantly different (p=0.001). The tear film breakup time also improved from 5.49s to 9.86s.Conclusions: Cyclosporine 0.05% has been established to be effective and safe in our study.

scholarly journals New Hyaluronic Acid Preparations in the Treatment of Children with Dry Eye Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-135
Author(s):  
V. V. Brzheskiy ◽  
I. N. Gorbachevskaya ◽  
S. Y. Golubev
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Dry Eye Syndrome ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Chronic Uveitis ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Chronic Blepharitis

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the preparations Optinol® Express Moisture (0.21 %) and Optinol® Deep Moisture (0.4 %) in the treatment of children with dry eye syndrome (DES) and to determine the indications for prescribing these drugs for various etiologies and clinical course of the disease.Patients and methods. The study involved 56 children aged 4–17 years with DES, which were divided into 3 groups, depending on its pathogenetic type. The first consisted of 24 children with DES, which developed on the basis of chronic blepharitis, the second — 12 children with neuroparalytic keratitis, and the third — 18 children with chronic uveitis, in whom DES was caused by prolonged instillations of eye drops with benzalkonium chloride. Each group was divided into 2 more equal subgroups, the first of which was prescribed the drug Optinol® Express Moisture, and the second — Optinol® Deep Moisture with a frequency of 4 times a day.Results. In all children, from the very first days of instillation of the studied drugs, a decrease in the severity of subjective signs of DES (OSDI) was noted, as well as a gradual decrease in the degree of xerotic changes in the ocular surface (severity of its staining with vital dyes) and an increase in the stability of the tear film (M.Norn). At the same time, the positive dynamics of the controlled parameters increased with the continuation of therapy, reaching a maximum by the 30th day of treatment. Moreover, the effectiveness of therapy depended on the severity of xerosis of the ocular surface: it was maximal in children with mild, and minimal in children with an extremely severe form of xerosis (with neuroparalytic keratitis). Moreover, the drug Optinol® Express Moisture was more effective in the treatment of children with mild and extremely severe forms of DES, and Optinol® Deep Moisture — with moderate and severe xerosis.Conclusion. The preparations Optinol® Express Moisture and Optinol® Deep Moisturization are effective in the treatment of children with DES, which has developed on the basis of pathology of the ocular surface of neurotrophic and artifact genesis, as well as increased volatility of the precorneal tear film against the background of chronic blepharitis.

scholarly journals Serum Vitamin D & Dry Eye Syndrome

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Shaveta . ◽  
Shah Nawaz
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Dry Eye Syndrome ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Introduction: Dry eye syndrome [DES] is one of the commonest ocular disorders characterized by tear film instability, visual discomfort & disturbance with ocular surface inflammation potentially leading to damage to the ocular surface. Serum Vitamin-D deficiency has been reported to be associated with DES. Aim: To determine the Serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin-D levels in patients diagnosed as having DES. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study and included in our study, serum vitamin D levels of the first 40 patients over the age of 18 years presenting with signs and symptoms and later diagnosed to have DES [confirmed with ocular surface disease index-OSDI questionnaire, Schirmer I test, kerato-epitheliopathy examination and tear-film breakup time-[TBUT] were analysed. Results: Schirmer's I test, interpreted as mild [11-15mm/5min], moderate [6-10 mm/5 min] and severe [<5mm/5min] had 8, 17 and 15 patients, respectively, with a mean value of 8 mm/5 min Schirmers I test. The minimum and maximum of Fluorescein TBUT measured in seconds was 4 and 10 seconds, respectively, with a mean of 6.2 seconds. Twenty four of our test subjects were found to have deficient Serum Vit 25[OH] D levels, nine had insufficient levels and seven had normal levels. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in patient having DES.

scholarly journals Current Concepts about the Etiology of Dry Eye Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-243
Author(s):  
V. N. Trubilin ◽  
E. G. Polunina ◽  
D. V. Angelova ◽  
V. V. Kurenkov ◽  
S. G. Kapkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Dry Eye Syndrome ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Ocular Surface Diseases ◽  
Pathophysiological Role ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Injections

The revolution in understanding the etiology and clinical manifestations of the disruption of the tearing process and the development of dry eye syndrome (CVS) has occurred in last 20–30 years. It has been established that the loss of the tear film homeostasis can occur not only because of a violation of systemic and autoimmune disorders, but also as a result of a blinking disorder and distribution of the tear film over the ocular surface. Therefore, new pathogenetic disease development mechanisms have been identified. The prevalence of diseases of the ocular surface and CVD in recent years has increased significantly. It is mostly caused not only by scientific discoveries in the field of understanding, for example, the etiological and pathophysiological role of the neurosensory mechanism of development of CVS. An important aspect is the emergence of new risk factors that potentiate the development of ocular surface diseases and CVL. These factors include the use of various drugs — antidepressants, antihistamines, hormone therapy, and others; instillation of eye drops — antiglaucoma drugs, etc., as well as the appearance of little-studied factors such as cosmetology procedures (eyelids tattooing, eyelash extensions, botulinum toxin injections for aesthetic purposes, etc.). They are carried out in proximate close to the eye and eyelids, causing multiple pathological reaction. The experience of observing patients, literature data, and the conducted study have showed that various cosmetological effects in the periorbital zone, whose popularity has increased in recent years, may cause the appearance of iatrogenic dry eye syndrome. The following most vivid clinical examples will help, encountered in our practice, to illustrate the data presented. Collecting the anamnesis, it is necessary to identify the presence of risk factors for the development of diseases of the ocular surface and CVD, to eliminate them, if possible, and to carry out adequate pathogenically based therapy.

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