scholarly journals Current Concepts about the Etiology of Dry Eye Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-243
Author(s):  
V. N. Trubilin ◽  
E. G. Polunina ◽  
D. V. Angelova ◽  
V. V. Kurenkov ◽  
S. G. Kapkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Dry Eye Syndrome ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Ocular Surface Diseases ◽  
Pathophysiological Role ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Injections

The revolution in understanding the etiology and clinical manifestations of the disruption of the tearing process and the development of dry eye syndrome (CVS) has occurred in last 20–30 years. It has been established that the loss of the tear film homeostasis can occur not only because of a violation of systemic and autoimmune disorders, but also as a result of a blinking disorder and distribution of the tear film over the ocular surface. Therefore, new pathogenetic disease development mechanisms have been identified. The prevalence of diseases of the ocular surface and CVD in recent years has increased significantly. It is mostly caused not only by scientific discoveries in the field of understanding, for example, the etiological and pathophysiological role of the neurosensory mechanism of development of CVS. An important aspect is the emergence of new risk factors that potentiate the development of ocular surface diseases and CVL. These factors include the use of various drugs — antidepressants, antihistamines, hormone therapy, and others; instillation of eye drops — antiglaucoma drugs, etc., as well as the appearance of little-studied factors such as cosmetology procedures (eyelids tattooing, eyelash extensions, botulinum toxin injections for aesthetic purposes, etc.). They are carried out in proximate close to the eye and eyelids, causing multiple pathological reaction. The experience of observing patients, literature data, and the conducted study have showed that various cosmetological effects in the periorbital zone, whose popularity has increased in recent years, may cause the appearance of iatrogenic dry eye syndrome. The following most vivid clinical examples will help, encountered in our practice, to illustrate the data presented. Collecting the anamnesis, it is necessary to identify the presence of risk factors for the development of diseases of the ocular surface and CVD, to eliminate them, if possible, and to carry out adequate pathogenically based therapy.

Clinical manifestations of the dry eye syndrome for women in menopause

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Nataliya Nikolayevna Sadovnikova ◽  
Galiya Fettyakhovna Kutusheva
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Dry Eye Syndrome ◽  
Menopausal Syndrome ◽  
Film Stability ◽  
Tear Film Stability ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Subjective Discomfort

To assess the effect of menopausal syndrome manifestations in the manifestation of «dry eye» examined 63 women . All examined the condition of the ocular surface, tear film stability, severity of subjective discomfort . Revealed that the dry eye syndrome in postmenopausal women occurs predominantly in the mild and moderate forms, with the severity of clinical and functional features of dry eye syndrome significantly correlated with severity of menopausal symptoms .

scholarly journals New Hyaluronic Acid Preparations in the Treatment of Children with Dry Eye Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-135
Author(s):  
V. V. Brzheskiy ◽  
I. N. Gorbachevskaya ◽  
S. Y. Golubev
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Dry Eye Syndrome ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Chronic Uveitis ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Chronic Blepharitis

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the preparations Optinol® Express Moisture (0.21 %) and Optinol® Deep Moisture (0.4 %) in the treatment of children with dry eye syndrome (DES) and to determine the indications for prescribing these drugs for various etiologies and clinical course of the disease.Patients and methods. The study involved 56 children aged 4–17 years with DES, which were divided into 3 groups, depending on its pathogenetic type. The first consisted of 24 children with DES, which developed on the basis of chronic blepharitis, the second — 12 children with neuroparalytic keratitis, and the third — 18 children with chronic uveitis, in whom DES was caused by prolonged instillations of eye drops with benzalkonium chloride. Each group was divided into 2 more equal subgroups, the first of which was prescribed the drug Optinol® Express Moisture, and the second — Optinol® Deep Moisture with a frequency of 4 times a day.Results. In all children, from the very first days of instillation of the studied drugs, a decrease in the severity of subjective signs of DES (OSDI) was noted, as well as a gradual decrease in the degree of xerotic changes in the ocular surface (severity of its staining with vital dyes) and an increase in the stability of the tear film (M.Norn). At the same time, the positive dynamics of the controlled parameters increased with the continuation of therapy, reaching a maximum by the 30th day of treatment. Moreover, the effectiveness of therapy depended on the severity of xerosis of the ocular surface: it was maximal in children with mild, and minimal in children with an extremely severe form of xerosis (with neuroparalytic keratitis). Moreover, the drug Optinol® Express Moisture was more effective in the treatment of children with mild and extremely severe forms of DES, and Optinol® Deep Moisture — with moderate and severe xerosis.Conclusion. The preparations Optinol® Express Moisture and Optinol® Deep Moisturization are effective in the treatment of children with DES, which has developed on the basis of pathology of the ocular surface of neurotrophic and artifact genesis, as well as increased volatility of the precorneal tear film against the background of chronic blepharitis.

«Dry eye» syndrome and primary glaucoma: possibilities of treatment

Reflection ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-44
Author(s):  
L.I. Solovyova ◽  
◽  
T.V. Gavrilova ◽  
F.G. Mugumova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Dry Eye Syndrome ◽  
Rupture Time ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Film Rupture ◽  
Good Tolerability ◽  
Primary Glaucoma ◽  
The Stability

The article presents the results of Ocuhyl C using in the treatment of «dry eye syndrome» (DES) in 47 eyes of 26 patients with different stages of compensated primary open-angle glaucoma. Experience of instillation of hypotensive eye drops with preservatives was from 1 year to 35 years. Assessment of subjective signs of DES was performed by questioning. Functional tests were performed (for the stability of the precorneal tear film –Norn test, for the level of total tear production –Shirmer test). Examinations were carried out at the first examination before prescribing the drug, then after 4 and 8 weeks of its use. All the patients noted good tolerability of the drug, no side effects. Indicators characterizing the feeling of a foreign body, dryness and redness of the eyes have significantly decreased. Precorneal tear film rupture time has significantly increased. Ocuhyl C can be recommended for clinical use. Key words: primary glaucoma; “dry eye” syndrome; tear forming; tear film rupture time; Ocuhyl C.

scholarly journals Expression of CXCL9, -10, -11, and CXCR3 in the Tear Film and Ocular Surface of Patients with Dry Eye Syndrome

2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung-Chul Yoon ◽  
Chang-Soo Park ◽  
In-Cheon You ◽  
Hwan-Jun Choi ◽  
Kwang-Hoon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Dry Eye Syndrome

scholarly journals Profilo farmacologico clinico e farmacoeconomico di un gel oftalmico a base di carbomero 974P e PVA (Siccafluid®) nella terapia della cheratocongiuntivite secca

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-196
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Pradelli ◽  
Letizia Vacchini
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Dry Eye Syndrome ◽  
Lubricating Film ◽  
Tear Production ◽  
Ocular Discomfort ◽  
Ophthalmic Solutions

BACKGROUND: The dry eye sindrome refers to a group of disorders of the tear film due to reduced tear production or excessive tear evaporation that is associated with symptoms of ocular discomfort and may cause disease of the ocular surface. Dry eye syndrome varies in severity, duration and etiology. The cornerstone of dry eye syndrome therapies includes the intraocular gel or ophthalmic solutions instillation, reaching correct artificial lubrication. Molecules that can produce a stable lubricating film are the carbomers. METHODS: In the first step of our work we reviewed the data from literature reporting about carbomers’ characteristics in respect to other lacrimal substitutes. Then, a pharmacoeconomical analysis has been performed on ophtalmic gels derived from carbomers 974P and PVA. RESULTS: Dry eye sindrome, if not adequately treated, determines a deterioration of the patient’s quality of life, other than high secondary costs. CONCLUSION: The high therapeutical index of carbomers 974P and PVA-based gels, in addition to the their limited cost (totally free for Sjögren patients in Italy), suggests that this product is characterized by one of the best benefits-to-costs ratios in the treatment of dry eye sindrome.

scholarly journals Changes of Dry Eye Related Markers and Tear Inflammatory Cytokines After Upper Blepharoplasty

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songjiao Zhao ◽  
Nan Song ◽  
Lan Gong
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Break Up ◽  
Upper Blepharoplasty

Objectives: To investigate the changes of dry eye-related clinical manifestations, ocular surface parameters, and tear inflammatory cytokines after upper blepharoplasty.Methods: Forty eyes of 20 who underwent upper blepharoplasty were divided into either the group with or the group without preexisting dry eye before upper blepharoplasty. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), Schirmer I test, tear meniscus height, lipid layer thickness, non-invasive tear break-up time (NIKBUT), fluorescein tear film break-up time (FBUT), corneal fluorescein staining, meibum expression, lid margin changes, and tear inflammatory cytokines were assessed preoperatively and at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. Correlations between inflammatory cytokines and dry eye-related parameters were determined.Results: The OSDI scores increased significantly at 1 month (p = 0.040) and subsequently decreased to the preoperative levels at 6 months postoperatively in subjects with dry eye. First (f)-NIKBUT and FBUT were significantly shortened at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively in subjects with dry eye (f-NIKBUT: p <0.001, p = 0.010, p = 0.042; FBUT: p = 0.002, p = 0.005, p = 0.037, respectively), but were only shortened at 1 month (p = 0.028, p = 0.005) and returned to baseline levels at 6 months postoperatively in subjects without preexisting dry eye. A significant increasing trend of interleukin (IL)-6 was found in both dry eye and subjects without preexisting dry eye (p = 0.016, p = 0.008), while IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were only found to be increased in subjects with dry eye postoperatively (p = 0.031, p = 0.031). The levels of IL-8 and TNF-α were positively correlated with OSDI scores (p = 0.046, p = 0.043, respectively) and negatively correlated with f-NIKBUT and FBUT (p = 0.026, p = 0.006, respectively).Conclusions: Upper blepharoplasty might increase the release of tear inflammatory cytokines and tear film instability that contribute to the development of postoperative dry eye in the early postoperative period and the changes most relieved in 6 months. Preexisting dry eye is a higher risk factor for worse and persistent ocular surface damage after upper blepharoplasty.

Improvement of functional state of the eye in patients with dry eye syndrome under the influence of eye drops based on natural substances

2015 ◽  
pp. 188-193
Author(s):  
Zoya Veselovska ◽  
Nataliia Veselovska ◽  
Inna Zherebko ◽  
N. Kuchar
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Dry Eye Syndrome ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Anterior Surface ◽  
Study Results

The article presents data on the use of a new generation of eye drops on the base of ectoine natural molecule in the treatment of dry eye syndrome (DES). Рurpose. To study the effect of eye drops on the base of ectoine on the status of the anterior surface of the eye in patients with clinical signs of DES. Material and methods. Thirty women with DES who use hormonal medications for the treatment of the menopausal clinical manifestations regularly (the first group), and thirty men with primary open-angle glaucoma and the DES caused by long-term use of glaucoma drops with a preservative (the second group) were involved in this study. Results. It was revealed the positive influence of natural molecule of ectoine on the tears film, eye surface and patients comfortable life. The authors analyzed the results of ordinary and special methods of eye examination and prove that the level of dynamics of reparative processes at the anterior surface of the eye becomes more expressive due to long-term use of eye drops on the base of ectoine.

Correlation between Non-Invasive Tear Breakup Time and Invasive Tear Breakup Time for Dry Eye Syndrome Diagnosis

The Eye ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
K. A. Mubarakova ◽  
S. A. Mukhanov ◽  
I. F. Saliyev ◽  
N. H. Habibullayeva
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Dry Eye Syndrome ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Syndrome Diagnosis ◽  
Breakup Time ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Schirmer I Test

Introduction: in today’s digital environment, dry eye complaints step forward in all age groups. Along with dry eye syndrome, the diagnosis of which is not complicated, there are other causes of dryness such as dysfunction of the tear film and Meibomian glands, etc. For the early detection of the above conditions, invasive diagnostic methods are mainly used.Aim: to compare Non-Invasive Tear Breakup Time (NITBUT) assessed with LacryDiag ocular surface analyzer to results of invasive tests for dry eye syndrome diagnosis to determine the possibility of a wider use of LacryDiag in practical ophthalmology. Materials and Methods: 50 patients with dry eye, burning and feeling of a foreign body complaints participated in this study. Mean age amounted to 28.85 ± 5.86 years. NITBUT was assessed with LacryDiag ocular surface analyzer. The data obtained was compared to the results of Invasive Tear Breakup Time (TBUT) – Norne test, and Schirmer I test.Results: both quantitative and qualitative values of tear film stability were analyzed in all participants. Based on results of the Schirmer I test, patients were divided into subgroups: where it was greater than 21 mm, between 11 and 20 mm, between 6 and 10 mm, and less than 5 mm/ The mean value of the Schirmer I test result amounted to 15.32 ± 6.05 mm/5 min, NITBUT amounted to 9.59 ± 4.37 s, while invasive TBUT amounted to 8.98 ± 3.79 s. It was found that invasive TBUT is in a strong direct correlation with NITBUT values (p <0.001, r = 0.554). No correlation was discovered between Schirmer I test results and TBUT (p = 0.15, r = 0.207) as well as between Schirmer I test result and NITBUT (p = 0.17, r =0.228). No correlation was found between the optical power of the cornea and the tear film structure abnormalities.Conclusion: a strong correlation was found between results of invasive and non-invasive methods of tear film breakup time assessment. No correlation was found between the optical power of the cornea and the tear film disruption. The non-invasive test was found to be an effective and objective method for diagnosing dry eye.

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