scholarly journals Antiretroviral therapy timing impacts latent tuberculosis infection reactivation in a tuberculosis/simian immunodeficiency virus coinfection model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riti Sharan ◽  
Shashank R. Ganatra ◽  
Allison N. Bucsan ◽  
Journey Cole ◽  
Dhiraj K. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Comparison of Quantiferon-TB Gold and TST tests in the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection among HIV infected patients in Hamadan, west of Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
pp. 360-365
Author(s):  
Fariba Keramat ◽  
Benyamin Bagheri Delavar ◽  
Alireza Zamani ◽  
Jalal Poorolajal ◽  
Elham Lajevardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Percent Agreement ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection increases the susceptibility of patients for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and reactivtion tuberculosis. This study aimed to compare the Quantiferon-TB gold-in tube test (QFT) with tuberculin skin test (TST) in the diagnosis of LTBI in HIV infected patients. Methodology: This comparative study of 89 patients with HIV in the Behavioral Diseases Counseling Center in Hamadan was carried out from July 2015 to November 2016. After obtaining consent from the patients, all demographic data, clinical manifestations, and laboratory results (CD4 count, TST and QFT) were entered into the questionnaires. The CD4 count is usually routinely performed using flow cytometry at the Behavioral Counselling Center. Quantiferon-TB test was done by using Qiagen – Quantiferon-2 plate kit ELISA. Results: Totally, 89 HIV infected patients with the mean age of 39.55 ± 10.31 years old were enrolled in the study. Sixty patients (67.42%) were male. The mean duration of HIV infection was 4.44 ± 3.88 years and the mean of CD4 count was 388.65 ± 260.66 cells/µL . Twenty patients had LTBI based on TST. Considering the QFT intermediate results as a positive test, the percent agreement of QFT and TST was 59.55%, which was not statistically significant (P = 0.2387). Conclusions: According to the results, there was no significant percent agreement between QFT and TST for detecting LTBI in HIV infected patients. However, by decreasing CD4 counts, there was a significant relation between TST positive and LTBI in HIV patients.

scholarly journals Higher Levels of Alcohol Use Are Associated With Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Adults Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah B Puryear ◽  
Robin Fatch ◽  
Brian Beesiga ◽  
Allen Kekibiina ◽  
Sara Lodi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol ◽  
Very High

Abstract We assessed associations between hazardous alcohol use and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among adults living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Uganda. We compared tuberculin skin test positivity across medium, high, and very-high alcohol use levels, classified by AUDIT-C scores. In multivariable analysis, very high use was associated with LTBI (adjusted odds ratio 1.61, 95% confidence interval: 1.03–2.50).

Cost-effectiveness of testing for latent tuberculosis infection in people living with human immunodeficiency virus

AIDS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter E. Auguste ◽  
Hema Mistry ◽  
Noel D. McCarthy ◽  
Paul A. Sutcliffe ◽  
Aileen E. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagan Coppock ◽  
William R. Short
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Immunologic Function ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is associated with either worsening of a recognized infection (paradoxical IRIS) or an unrecognized infection (unmasking IRIS), which occurs in the setting of improved immunologic function. Most patients presenting with IRIS should be maintained on antiretroviral therapy (ART) along with treatment for the associated infection. Screening for latent tuberculosis infection should be undertaken in all HIV-infected patients. In paradoxical IRIS, it is crucial to exclude alternate diagnoses and ensure the patient is receiving appropriate treatment for the condition. In the majority of cases, ART is continued, but on rare occasions cessation of ART is warranted in severe IRIS, particularly when it is life-threatening.

scholarly journals Optimal Testing Choice and Diagnostic Strategies for Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among US-Born People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
April C Pettit ◽  
Jason E Stout ◽  
Robert Belknap ◽  
Constance A Benson ◽  
Marie Nancy Séraphin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Diagnostic Characteristics ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Ltbi Prevalence

Abstract Background Increased risk of progression from latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) to tuberculosis (TB) disease among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLWH) prioritizes them for LTBI testing and treatment. Studies comparing the performance of interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs) and the tuberculin skin test (TST) among PLWH are lacking. Methods We used Bayesian latent class analysis to estimate the prevalence of LTBI and diagnostic characteristics of the TST, QuantiFERON Gold In-Tube (QFT), and T.SPOT-TB (TSPOT) among a prospective, multicenter cohort of US-born PLWH ≥5 years old with valid results for all 3 LTBI tests using standard US cutoffs (≥5 mm TST, ≥0.35 IU/mL QFT, ≥8 spots TSPOT). We also explored the performance of varying LTBI test cutoffs. Results Among 1510 PLWH (median CD4+ count 532 cells/mm3), estimated LTBI prevalence was 4.7%. TSPOT was significantly more specific (99.7%) and had a significantly higher positive predictive value (90.0%, PPV) than QFT (96.5% specificity, 50.7% PPV) and TST (96.8% specificity, 45.4% PPV). QFT was significantly more sensitive (72.2%) than TST (54.2%) and TSPOT (51.9%); negative predictive value of all tests was high (TST 97.7%, QFT 98.6%, TSPOT 97.6%). Even at the highest cutoffs evaluated (15 mm TST, ≥1.00 IU/mL QFT, ≥8 spots TSPOT), TST and QFT specificity was significantly lower than TSPOT. Conclusions LTBI prevalence among this cohort of US-born PLWH was low compared to non-US born persons. TSPOT’s higher PPV may make it preferable for testing US-born PLWH at low risk for TB exposure and with high CD4+ counts.

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