scholarly journals Comprehensive Pattern of Deep Convective Systems over the Tibetan Plateau–South Asian Monsoon Region Based on TRMM Data

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (17) ◽  
pp. 6612-6626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiushu Qie ◽  
Xueke Wu ◽  
Tie Yuan ◽  
Jianchun Bian ◽  
Daren Lu
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Asian Monsoon ◽  
South Asian Monsoon ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Lightning Flash ◽  
Monsoon Region ◽  
Asian Monsoon Region ◽  
Convective Systems ◽  
Deep Convective Systems

Abstract Diurnal and seasonal variation, intensity, and structure of deep convective systems (DCSs; with 20-dBZ echo tops exceeding 14 km) over the Tibetan Plateau–South Asian monsoon region from the Tibetan Plateau (TP) to the ocean are investigated using 14 yr of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data. Four unique regions characterized by different orography are selected for comparison, including the TP, the southern Himalayan front (SHF), the South Asian subcontinent (SAS), and the ocean. DCSs and intense DCSs (IDCSs; with 40-dBZ echo tops exceeding 10 km) occur more frequently over the continent than over the ocean. About 23% of total DCSs develop into IDCSs in the SHF, followed by the TP (21%) and the SAS (15%), with the least over the ocean (2%). The average 20-dBZ echo-top height of IDCSs exceeds 16 km and 9% of them even exceed 18 km. DCSs and IDCSs are the most frequent over the SHF, especially in the westernmost SHF, where the intensity—in terms of strong radar echo-top (viz., 40 dBZ) height, ice-particle content, and lightning flash rate—is the strongest. DCSs over the TP are relatively weak in convective intensity and small in size but occur frequently. Oceanic DCSs possess the tallest cloud top (which mainly reflects small ice particles) and the largest size, but their convective intensity is markedly weaker. DCSs and IDCSs show a similar diurnal variation, mainly occurring in the afternoon with a peak at 1600 local time over land. Although most of both DCSs and IDCSs occur between April and October, DCSs have a peak in August, whereas IDCSs have a peak in May.

scholarly journals Interpreting Precession-Driven δ18O Variability in the South Asian Monsoon Region

2018 ◽  
Vol 123 (11) ◽  
pp. 5927-5946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clay R. Tabor ◽  
Bette L. Otto-Bliesner ◽  
Esther C. Brady ◽  
Jesse Nusbaumer ◽  
Jiang Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Asian Monsoon ◽  
South Asian Monsoon ◽  
Monsoon Region ◽  
The South ◽  
Asian Monsoon Region

scholarly journals Modeling sensitivity study of the possible impact of snow and glaciers developing over Tibetan Plateau on Holocene African-Asian summer monsoon climate

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1265-1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Jin ◽  
Y. Peng ◽  
F. Chen ◽  
A. Ganopolski
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
South Asia ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Asian Monsoon ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Monsoon Region ◽  
Asian Monsoon Region

Abstract. The impacts of various scenarios of snow and glaciers developing over the Tibetan Plateau on climate change in Afro-Asian monsoon region and other regions during the Holocene (9 kyr BP–0 kyr BP) are studied by using the coupled climate model of intermediate complexity, CLIMBER-2. The simulations show that the imposed snow and glaciers over the Tibetan Plateau in the mid-Holocene induce global summer temperature decreases, especially in the northern parts of Europe, Asia, and North America. At the same time, with the imposed snow and glaciers, summer precipitation decreases strongly in North Africa and South Asia as well as northeastern China, while it increases in Southeast Asia and the Mediterranean. For the whole period of Holocene (9 kyr BP–0 kyr BP), the response of vegetation cover to the imposed snow and glaciers cover over the Tibetan Plateau is not synchronous in South Asia and in North Africa, showing an earlier and a more rapid decrease in vegetation cover in North Africa from 9 to 6 kyr BP while it has only minor influence on that in South Asia until 5 kyr BP. Imposed gradually increased snow and glacier cover over the Tibetan Plateau causes temperature increases in South Asia and it decreases in North Africa and Southeast Asia during 6 kyr BP to 0 kyr BP. The precipitation decreases rapidly in North Africa and South Asia while it decreases slowly or unchanged during 6 kyr BP to 0 kyr BP with imposed snow and glacier cover over the Tibetan Plateau. The different scenarios of snow and glacier developing over the Tibetan Plateau would result in differences in variation of temperature, precipitation and vegetation cover in North Africa, South Asia and Southeast Asia. The model results show that the response of climate change in African-Asian monsoon region to snow and glacier cover over the Tibetan Plateau is in the way that the snow and glaciers amplify the effect of vegetation feedback and, hence, further amplify orbital forcing.

scholarly journals The advanced South Asian monsoon onset accelerates lake expansion over the Tibetan Plateau

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (20) ◽  
pp. 1486-1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Liu ◽  
Huopo Chen ◽  
Guoqing Zhang ◽  
Jianqi Sun ◽  
Huijun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Asian Monsoon ◽  
Monsoon Onset ◽  
South Asian Monsoon ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau

scholarly journals The Mechanical Impact of the Tibetan Plateau on the Seasonal Evolution of the South Asian Monsoon

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 2394-2407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyo-Seok Park ◽  
John C. H. Chiang ◽  
Simona Bordoni
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
South Asian ◽  
South China ◽  
Asian Monsoon ◽  
Monsoon Onset ◽  
Monsoon Circulation ◽  
South Asian Monsoon ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Westerly Winds ◽  
Southern Tibetan Plateau

Abstract The impact of the Tibetan Plateau on the South Asian monsoon is examined using a hierarchy of atmospheric general circulation models. During the premonsoon season and monsoon onset (April–June), when westerly winds over the Southern Tibetan Plateau are still strong, the Tibetan Plateau triggers early monsoon rainfall downstream, particularly over the Bay of Bengal and South China. The downstream moist convection is accompanied by strong monsoonal low-level winds. In experiments where the Tibetan Plateau is removed, monsoon onset occurs about a month later, but the monsoon circulation becomes progressively stronger and reaches comparable strength during the mature phase. During the mature and decaying phase of monsoon (July–September), when westerly winds over the Southern Tibetan Plateau almost disappear, monsoon circulation strength is not much affected by the presence of the Tibetan Plateau. A dry dynamical core with east–west-oriented narrow mountains in the subtropics consistently simulates downstream convergence with background zonal westerlies over the mountain. In a moist atmosphere, the mechanically driven downstream convergence is expected to be associated with significant moisture convergence. The authors speculate that the mechanically driven downstream convergence in the presence of the Tibetan Plateau is responsible for zonally asymmetric monsoon onset, particularly over the Bay of Bengal and South China.

scholarly journals Comparison of Reanalysis and Observational Precipitation Datasets Including ERA5 and WFDE5

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1462
Author(s):  
Birgit Hassler ◽  
Axel Lauer
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Asian Monsoon ◽  
South Asian Monsoon ◽  
Precipitation Data ◽  
Monsoon Region ◽  
The South ◽  
Asian Monsoon Region ◽  
Precipitation Regimes ◽  
The Tropics

Precipitation is a key component of the hydrological cycle and one of the most important variables in weather and climate studies. Accurate and reliable precipitation data are crucial for determining climate trends and variability. In this study, eleven different precipitation datasets are compared, six reanalysis and five observational datasets, including the reanalysis datasets ERA5 and WFDE5 from the ECMWF family, to quantify the differences between the widely used precipitation datasets and to identify their particular strengths and shortcomings. The comparisons are focused on the common time period 1983 through 2016 and on monthly, seasonal, and inter-annual times scales in regions representing different precipitation regimes, i.e., the Tropics, the Pacific Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), Central Europe, and the South Asian Monsoon region. For the analysis, satellite-gauge precipitation data from the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP-SG) are used as a reference. The comparison shows that ERA5 and ERA5-Land are a clear improvement over ERA-Interim and show in most cases smaller biases than the other reanalysis datasets (e.g., around 13% high bias in the Tropics compared to 17% for MERRA-2 and 36% for JRA-55). ERA5 agrees well with observations for Central Europe and the South Asian Monsoon region but underestimates very low precipitation rates in the Tropics. In particular, the tropical ocean remains challenging for reanalyses with three out of four products overestimating precipitation rates over the Atlantic and Indian Ocean.

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