scholarly journals Impact of Sea Spray and Sea Surface Roughness on the Upper Ocean Response to Super Typhoon Haitang (2005)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianxin Zhang ◽  
Xuefeng Zhang ◽  
William Perrie ◽  
Changlong Guan ◽  
Bo Dan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Ocean Waves ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Spray ◽  
Upper Ocean ◽  
Surface Cooling ◽  
Super Typhoon ◽  
Sea Surface Roughness ◽  
Momentum Fluxes ◽  
The Right

AbstractA coupled ocean-wave-sea spray model system is used to investigate the impacts of sea spray and sea surface roughness on the response of the upper ocean to the passage of the super typhoon Haitang. Sea spray mediated heat and momentum fluxes are derived from an improved version of Fairall’s heat fluxes formulation (Zhang et al., 2017) and Andreas’s sea spray-mediated momentum flux models. For winds ranging from low to extremely high speeds, a new parameterization scheme for the sea surface roughness is developed, in which the effects of wave state and sea spray are introduced. In this formulation, the drag coefficient has minimal values over the right quadrant of the typhoon track, along which the typhoon-generated waves are longer, smoother, and older, compared to other quadrants. Using traditional interfacial air-sea turbulent (sensible, latent, and momentum) fluxes, the sea surface cooling response to typhoon Haitang is overestimated by 1 °C, which can be compensated by the effects of sea spray and ocean waves on the right side of the storm. Inclusion of sea spray-mediated turbulent fluxes and sea surface roughness, modulated by ocean waves, gives enhanced cooling along the left edges of the cooling area by 0.2 °C, consistent with the upper ocean temperature observations.

scholarly journals Influence of Wave State and Sea Spray on the Roughness Length: Feedback on Medicanes

Atmosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umberto Rizza ◽  
Elisa Canepa ◽  
Antonio Ricchi ◽  
Davide Bonaldo ◽  
Sandro Carniel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Wind Waves ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Atmospheric Model ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Spray ◽  
High Wind ◽  
Wave State ◽  
Sea Surface Roughness

Occasionally, storms that share many features with tropical cyclones, including the presence of a quasi-circular “eye” a warm core and strong winds, are observed in the Mediterranean. Generally, they are known as Medicanes, or tropical-like cyclones (TLC). Due to the intense wind forcings and the consequent development of high wind waves, a large number of sea spray droplets—both from bubble bursting and spume tearing processes—are likely to be produced at the sea surface. In order to take into account this process, we implemented an additional Sea Spray Source Function (SSSF) in WRF-Chem, model version 3.6.1, using the GOCART (Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport) aerosol sectional module. Traditionally, air-sea momentum fluxes are computed through the classical Charnock relation that does not consider the wave-state and sea spray effects on the sea surface roughness explicitly. In order to take into account these forcing, we implemented a more recent parameterization of the sea surface aerodynamic roughness within the WRF surface layer model, which may be applicable to both moderate and high wind conditions. The implemented SSSF and sea surface roughness parameterization have been tested using an operative model sequence based on COAWST (Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Wave Sediment Transport) and WRF-Chem. The third-generation wave model SWAN (Simulating Waves Nearshore), two-way coupled with the WRF atmospheric model in the COAWST framework, provided wave field parameters. Numerical simulations have been integrated with the WRF-Chem chemistry package, with the aim of calculating the sea spray generated by the waves and to include its effect in the Charnock roughness parametrization together with the sea state effect. A single case study is performed, considering the Medicane that affected south-eastern Italy on 26 September 2006. Since this Medicane is one of the most deeply analysed in literature, its investigation can easily shed some light on the feedbacks between sea spray and drag coefficients.

scholarly journals A Novel Sea Surface Roughness Parameterization Based on Wave State and Sea Foam

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Difu Sun ◽  
Junqiang Song ◽  
Xiaoyong Li ◽  
Kaijun Ren ◽  
Hongze Leng
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Drag Coefficient ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
High Wind Speed ◽  
Wave State ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Sea Surface Roughness ◽  
Extreme Wind ◽  
The Impact

A wave state related sea surface roughness parameterization scheme that takes into account the impact of sea foam is proposed in this study. Using eight observational datasets, the performances of two most widely used wave state related parameterizations are examined under various wave conditions. Based on the different performances of two wave state related parameterizations under different wave state, and by introducing the effect of sea foam, a new sea surface roughness parameterization suitable for low to extreme wind conditions is proposed. The behaviors of drag coefficient predicted by the proposed parameterization match the field and laboratory measurements well. It is shown that the drag coefficient increases with the increasing wind speed under low and moderate wind speed conditions, and then decreases with increasing wind speed, due to the effect of sea foam under high wind speed conditions. The maximum values of the drag coefficient are reached when the 10 m wind speeds are in the range of 30–35 m/s.

Passive Microwave Measurements Of Sea Surface Roughness During The Saxon Experiment

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.D. Sandlin ◽  
L.A. Rose ◽  
G.L. Geernaert ◽  
J.P. Hollinger ◽  
F.A. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Passive Microwave ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Microwave Measurements ◽  
Sea Surface Roughness

scholarly journals Monitoring Intense Oceanic Fronts Using Sea Surface Roughness: Satellite, Airplane, and In Situ Comparison

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Rascle ◽  
Bertrand Chapron ◽  
Jeroen Molemaker ◽  
Frédéric Nouguier ◽  
Francisco J. Ocampo‐Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Oceanic Fronts ◽  
Sea Surface Roughness

scholarly journals Upper Ocean Thermal Responses to Sea Spray Mediated Turbulent Fluxes during Typhoon Passage

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianxin Zhang ◽  
Changlong Guan ◽  
Chunjian Sun ◽  
Siyu Gao ◽  
Shaomei Yu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Kuroshio Extension ◽  
Turbulent Fluxes ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Spray ◽  
Upper Ocean ◽  
Ocean Temperature ◽  
Turbulent Model ◽  
The Kuroshio

A one-dimensional turbulent model is used to investigate the effect of sea spray mediated turbulent fluxes on upper ocean temperature during the passage of typhoon Yagi over the Kuroshio Extension area in 2006. Both a macroscopical sea spray momentum flux algorithm and a microphysical heat and moisture flux algorithm are included in this turbulent model. Numerical results show that the model can well reproduce the upper ocean temperature, which is consistent with the data from the Kuroshio Extension Observatory. Besides, the sea surface temperature is decreased by about 0.5°C during the typhoon passage, which also agrees with the sea surface temperature dataset derived from Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing and Reynolds. Diagnostic analysis indicates that sea spray acts as an additional source of the air-sea turbulent fluxes and plays a key role in increasing the turbulent kinetic energy in the upper ocean, which enhances the temperature diffusion there. Therefore, sea spray is also an important factor in determining the upper mixed layer depth during the typhoon passage.

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