scholarly journals 20 May 2013 Moore, Oklahoma, Tornado: Damage Survey and Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 1229-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Burgess ◽  
Kiel Ortega ◽  
Greg Stumpf ◽  
Gabe Garfield ◽  
Chris Karstens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Extreme Event ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Damage Survey ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Survey Team ◽  
Damage Indicators ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Tornado Damage

Abstract The tornado that affected Moore, Oklahoma, and the surrounding area on 20 May 2013 was an extreme event. It traveled 23 km and damage was up to 1.7 km wide. The tornado killed 24 people, injured over 200 others, and damaged many structures. A team of surveyors from the Norman, Oklahoma, National Weather Center and two private companies performed a detailed survey (all objects/structures) of the tornado to provide better documentation than is normally done, in part to aid future studies of the event. The team began surveying tornado damage on the morning of 21 May and continued the survey process for the next several weeks. Extensive ground surveys were performed. The surveys were aided by use of high-resolution aerial and satellite imagery. The survey process utilized the enhanced Fujita (EF) scale and was facilitated by use of a National Weather Service (NWS) software package: the Damage Assessment Toolkit (DAT). The survey team defined a “well built” house that qualified for an EF5 rating. Survey results document 4253 objects damaged by the tornado, 4222 of them EF-scale damage indicators (DIs). Of the total DIs, about 50% were associated with EF0 ratings. Excluding EF0 damage, 38% were associated with EF1, 24% with EF2, 21% with EF3, 17% with EF4, and only 0.4% associated with EF5. For the strongest level of damage (EF5), only nine homes were found. Survey results are similar to other documented tornadoes, but the amount of EF1 damage is greater than in other cases. Also discussed is the use of non-DI objects that are damaged and ways in which to improve future surveys.

WSR-88D Tornado Intensity Estimates. Part I: Real-Time Probabilities of Peak Tornado Wind Speeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 2479-2492
Author(s):  
Bryan T. Smith ◽  
Richard L. Thompson ◽  
Douglas A. Speheger ◽  
Andrew R. Dean ◽  
Christopher D. Karstens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Rotational Velocity ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Damage Indicators ◽  
Tornado Damage

AbstractThe Storm Prediction Center (SPC) has developed a database of damage-surveyed tornadoes in the contiguous United States (2009–17) that relates environmental and radar-derived storm attributes to damage ratings that change during a tornado life cycle. Damage indicators (DIs), and the associated wind speed estimates from tornado damage surveys compiled in the Damage Assessment Toolkit (DAT) dataset, were linked to the nearest manual calculations of 0.5° tilt angle maximum rotational velocity Vrot from single-site WSR-88D data. For each radar scan, the maximum wind speed from the highest-rated DI, Vrot, and the significant tornado parameter (STP) from the SPC hourly objective mesoscale analysis archive were recorded and analyzed. Results from examining Vrot and STP data indicate an increasing conditional probability for higher-rated DIs (i.e., EF-scale wind speed estimate) as both STP and Vrot increase. This work suggests that tornadic wind speed exceedance probabilities can be estimated in real time, on a scan-by-scan basis, via Vrot and STP for ongoing tornadoes.

scholarly journals A spatial bootstrap technique for parameter estimation of rainfall annual maxima distribution

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 11755-11794 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Uboldi ◽  
A. N. Sulis ◽  
C. Lussana ◽  
M. Cislaghi ◽  
M. Russo
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Event ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Precipitation Time Series ◽  
Spatial Gradients ◽  
Estimated Parameters ◽  
Bootstrap Technique ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
Repeated Sampling ◽  
Raingauge Data ◽  
Station Point

Abstract. Estimation of extreme event distributions and depth-duration-frequency (DDF) curves is achieved at any target site by repeated sampling among all available raingauge data in the surrounding area. The estimate is computed over a gridded domain in Northern Italy, using precipitation time series from 1929 to 2011, including data from historical analog stations and from the present-day automatic observational network. The presented local regionalisation naturally overcomes traditional station-point methods, with their demand of long historical series and their sensitivity to very rare events occurring at very few stations, possibly causing unrealistic spatial gradients in DDF relations. At the same time, the presented approach allows for spatial dependence, necessary in a geographical domain such as Lombardy, complex for both its topography and its climatology. The bootstrap technique enables evaluating uncertainty maps for all estimated parameters and for rainfall depths at assigned return periods.

scholarly journals A Three-Step Method for Estimating Vortex Center Locations in Four-Dimensional Space from Radar-Observed Tornadic Mesocyclones

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 2275-2281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Xu ◽  
Li Wei ◽  
Kang Nai
Keyword(s):  
Phased Array ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Oklahoma City ◽  
Vertical Shear ◽  
Vortex Center ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Damage Survey ◽  
Tornado Damage

AbstractThe recently developed two-dimensional variational methods for analyzing vortex winds from radar-observed mesocyclones can be extended to analyze three-dimensional vortex winds, but the first task for this extension is to estimate the vortex center location and its continuous variations in four-dimensional space so that the horizontal location of the vortex center can be expressed as a continuous function of height and time. To accomplish this task, a three-step method is developed in this paper. The method is applied to the Moore, Oklahoma, tornadic mesocyclone observed by the operational KTLX radar (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma) and the NSSL phased-array radar on 20 May 2013. The estimated vortex center trajectory at the ground level is verified with the tornado damage survey data. The estimated vortex center trajectories above the ground (up to 4-km height) reveal that the vortex core was initially tilted northeastward along the direction of the environmental flow and its vertical shear but became nearly vertical about 16 min later and 4 min before the vortex started to cause EF5 damages.

Performance Comparison among Vibration Based Indicators in Damage Identification of Structures

2014 ◽  
Vol 592-594 ◽  
pp. 2081-2085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharadwaj Nanda ◽  
Aditi Majumdar ◽  
Damodar Maity ◽  
Dipak K. Maiti
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Problem ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Natural Frequencies ◽  
Damage Identification ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Vibration Data ◽  
Flexibility Matrix ◽  
Damage Indicator ◽  
Damage Indicators ◽  
Shape Data

A simple and robust methodology is presented to identify damages in a structure using changes in vibration data. A comparison is made among damage indicators such as natural frequencies, mode shape data, curvature damage factors and flexibility matrices to study their efficacy in damage assessment. Continuous ant colony optimization (ACOR) technique is used to solve the inverse problem related to damage identification. The outcome of the simulated results demonstrates that the flexibility matrix as a damage indicator provides better damage identification.

scholarly journals Tornado Damage Rating Probabilities Derived from WSR-88D Data

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 1509-1528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Thompson ◽  
Bryan T. Smith ◽  
Jeremy S. Grams ◽  
Andrew R. Dean ◽  
Joseph C. Picca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Rotational Velocity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Convective Systems ◽  
Severe Thunderstorms ◽  
Damage Indicators ◽  
Tornado Damage

Abstract Previous work with observations from the NEXRAD (WSR-88D) network in the United States has shown that the probability of damage from a tornado, as represented by EF-scale ratings, increases as low-level rotational velocity increases. This work expands on previous studies by including reported tornadoes from 2014 to 2015, as well as a robust sample of nontornadic severe thunderstorms [≥1-in.- (2.54 cm) diameter hail, thunderstorm wind gusts ≥ 50 kt (25 m s−1), or reported wind damage] with low-level cyclonic rotation. The addition of the nontornadic sample allows the computation of tornado damage rating probabilities across a spectrum of organized severe thunderstorms represented by right-moving supercells and quasi-linear convective systems. Dual-polarization variables are used to ensure proper use of velocity data in the identification of tornadic and nontornadic cases. Tornado damage rating probabilities increase as low-level rotational velocity Vrot increases and circulation diameter decreases. The influence of height above radar level (or range from radar) is less obvious, with a muted tendency for tornado damage rating probabilities to increase as rotation (of the same Vrot magnitude) is observed closer to the ground. Consistent with previous work on gate-to-gate shear signatures such as the tornadic vortex signature, easily identifiable rotation poses a greater tornado risk compared to more nebulous areas of cyclonic azimuthal shear. Additionally, tornado probability distributions vary substantially (for similar sample sizes) when comparing the southeast United States, which has a high density of damage indicators, to the Great Plains, where damage indicators are more sparse.

scholarly journals Temporary Seismic Stations Installation and Building Damage Assessment of December 7th, 2016 Earthquake in Pidie Jaya, Aceh, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Zulfakriza Z. ◽  
Andri D. Nugraha ◽  
M. Ridwan ◽  
Kadek P. Hendrawan ◽  
Muksin Umar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Building Damage ◽  
Earthquake Source ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
Damage Survey ◽  
Seismic Stations ◽  
Other Hand

A signicant Mw 6.5 earthquake occurred in Pidie Jaya, Aceh on December 7th, 2016. The event affected104 people death and more than 1000 people suered injuries due to the rubble of the building. Geologically, the region is composed by of Quaternary alluvial deposits. This is one of factor that amplication occurred in some area. On the other hand, an understanding of the source and mechanism of the earthquake needs to be done. A few days after the earthquake, we deployed 9 seismometers that covered the area of Pidie, Pidie Jaya and Bireuen. This experiment aims to record the aftershock and understanding of earthquake source and mechanism. In addition, we conducted building damage survey to know the pattern of distributionof building damage.

Methods of Published Articles on Overtourism

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-59
Author(s):  
Luciana Aparecida Barbieri da Rosa ◽  
Maria Carolina Martins-Rodrigues ◽  
Tais Pentiado Godoy ◽  
Luana Inês Damke ◽  
Clandia Maffini Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Relevant Article ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Strategic Framework ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Web

Studies on overtourism have been growing in the last decade. This article aims to understand the characteristics of the international scientific literature that links the theme Smart Cities in the Web of Science and Scopus databases, from 1998 to 2018. The established methodology was a bibliometric survey. The sample was composed of 24 articles selected in WOS and Scopus. The survey results show that the year with the most publications was 2018. The most relevant article is: “Understanding and overcoming the negative impacts of tourism in city destinations: a conceptual model and strategic framework” by A. Postma, & D. Schmuecker, published in the Journal of Tourism Futures in 2017 with 10 citations. Thus, future studies should expand the search for articles on the topics in other bases as well as national and international scientific events.

Post-Extreme Event Damage Assessment and Response for Highway Bridges

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Alipour ◽  
◽  
◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Extreme Event ◽  
Highway Bridges

Tornado damage in context: Lessons learned from the May 5, 2002, storm in Happy, Texas

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
William Monfredo, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Lessons Learned ◽  
The Other ◽  
Damage Survey ◽  
Slow Start ◽  
Mobile Homes ◽  
Complete Destruction ◽  
Total Destruction ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Media ◽  
Tornado Damage

After a slow start to the 2002 tornado season, a tornado impacted the western and extreme southern sections of Happy, Texas. A damage survey was conducted within 24 hours. This article explores how the context in which a tornado occurs influences how the media portrays the event. Broadcasters covering the Happy, Texas storm included images of what appeared to be total destruction. However, most of the structures performed remarkably well during this fundamentally weak tornado. On the other hand, the complete destruction of a few mobile homes resulted in two deaths and an F2 rating on the Fujita scale. This raises issues concerning tornado intensity forecasts as well as the use of automobiles as shelters for residents of mobile homes located in the path of weak tornadoes.

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