Escaping the Ellipsis of Diversity: Insider Activists’ Use of Implementation Resources to Influence Organization Policy

2020 ◽  
pp. 000183922096363
Author(s):  
Lisa Buchter
Keyword(s):  
Social Movement ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Lgbt Rights ◽  
Implementation Processes ◽  
Web Archives ◽  
Diversity Programs ◽  
Organization Policy ◽  
Implementation Resources ◽  
Model Programs

Researchers have explored in depth how social movement actors strive to pass laws to change organizations exogenously or to demand that they make commitments or policy changes. But ensuring that organizations implement such commitments or policies is challenging. Insider activists may be influential for implementation processes, and I explore how they can increase that influence. I contend that insider activists influence such processes by offering their organizations implementation resources, such as free and ready-to-use content and model programs that reflect changes the activists want to see. To develop this argument, I explore how, starting in the mid-2000s, LGBT activists developed resources to ensure that diversity policies were increasingly relevant for sexual minorities in France. Many diversity policies at the time expressed commitment to “gender, disability, age . . .” Activists contended that nothing was done for the minorities who were not named—those left in the ellipsis (. . .) of diversity. Using web archives and interviews, I show that LGBT rights activists increased their influence on French organizations by developing implementation resources that corporations could readily use to flesh out their diversity commitments and implement diversity programs to promote the inclusion of LGBT employees. I demonstrate how insider activists used these implementation resources to denounce organizations’ superficial commitments or employees’ homophobic practices, thereby compelling organizations to change.

Anarchism as a “new social movement”?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Objective Analysis ◽  
Lgbt Rights ◽  
Industrial Conflict ◽  
Hierarchical Organizations ◽  
New Social Movement ◽  
Current Movement

Anarchism is a commonly misunderstood social and political ideology, yet it has remarkable affinities and commonalities with many contemporary global social movements. While most current social movement theories either poorly or inadequately explain the anarchist movement, the new social movement (NSM) theories describe many characteristics closely synonymous with anarchism. Due to the historically confused and contradictory discourse around NSMs and NSM theories, I adopt two distinct approaches here, by (1) considering what conditions or factors lead to the current movement moment and (2) evaluating the “objective” analysis of certain movement qualities. This chapter analyzes anarchism and anarchist movements via six primary characteristics of NSM theories, and finds a great deal of compatibility. Specifically, anarchism has grown beyond—but not completely—industrial conflict and politics, broadened to include new social constituencies such as middle class participants, used anti-hierarchical organizations and networks, engaged in symbolic direct actions, used a strategic and self-limiting radicalism, and has created new anarchist identities. However, modern anarchism may be differentiated from other NSMs (like ecological and LGBT-rights movements) by certain unique characteristics, including revolutionary anti-statism, radical practicality, anti-capitalism, and a degree of core compatibility with classical anarchism. The strategic and tactical benefits of these characteristics are discussed.

Political Homophobia in Comparative Perspective

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Bosia ◽  
Meredith L. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Social Movement ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
State Building ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
State Actors ◽  
State Strategy

This introductory chapter discusses political homophobia as a state strategy, social movement, and transnational phenomenon, powerful enough to structure the experiences of sexual minorities and expressions of sexuality. It considers political homophobia as purposeful, especially as practiced by state actors; as embedded in the scapegoating of an “other” that drives processes of state building and retrenchment; as the product of transnational influence peddling and alliances; and as integrated into questions of collective identity and the complicated legacies of colonialism. In this analysis, unexpected forms of political homophobia must be examined as typical tools for building an authoritative notion of national collective identity, for mobilizing around a variety of contentious issues and empowered actors, and as a metric of transnational institutional and ideological flows.

scholarly journals Queering the World Society: Global Norms, Rival Transnational Networks, and the Contested Case of LGBT Rights

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristopher Velasco
Keyword(s):  
International System ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
World Society ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Lgbt Rights ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multinomial Models ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Norms

As the world society is increasingly populated by illiberal actors, is it possible the mechanisms once used to explain compliance with liberal normative standards are now influential in explaining defiance to them? I investigate this question by examining how integration into the world society via rival pro- and anti-LGBT networks influences the expansion and contraction of LGBT rights from 1990-2018. Through extensive original data, I use time series, cross-sectional and multinomial models to showcase how global LGBT norms can spur defiance and backlash – not just compliance. Moreover, the relative strength of these rival networks is associated with policy changes in alignment with that networks’ preferences. This study contributes to our understanding of the changing international system by revealing how illiberal actors simultaneously co-opt and subvert the mechanisms built by the liberal world society to advance illiberal outcomes.

Single mothers and resistance to welfare-to-work: A Bourdieusian account

2021 ◽  
pp. 144078332110429
Author(s):  
Simone Casey
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Single Mothers ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Security Benefit ◽  
Welfare To Work ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Activation Policy ◽  
Insight Into

This research applied Bourdieusian field theory to explain the forms of resistance exercised by single mothers exposed to the cultural and economic domination of Australian welfare-to-work policy. The mothers were affected by policy changes that reduced their social security benefit income and brought them into the field of activation policies. Unlike other studies focusing on well-being effects, this study focused on understanding resistance, that is, how welfare subjects like single mothers exercise resistance in dominating contexts. Bourdieusian field theory was applied to explain these resistances as a reaction to a social policy reclassification and to identity the enabling resources for it. This article observes the conditions that enabled single mothers to convert individual forms of resistance into collective action. In this respect, Husu’s adaptation of Bourdieusian field theory to social movement studies provided insight into how dominating fields like those of activation policy, generate resistances and social movements.

Newspaper Presentations of Homosexuality across Nations: Examining Differences by Religion, Economic Development, and Democracy

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Adamczyk ◽  
Chunrye Kim ◽  
Margaret Schmuhl
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Moral Issue ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Cross National ◽  
Newspaper Articles

A lot of research attention has been devoted to understanding cross-national differences in attitudes about homosexuality. A key finding has been that richer, more democratic, and less religious nations are more supportive. However, aside from establishing these relationships, we know little about how public discourse about homosexuality differs across nations. To better understand how public discussions about sexual minorities are framed, this multimethods’ study examines over 800 newspaper articles from Muslim and Protestant-majority nations. Although there are no differences in the extent to which Muslim and Protestant nations discuss homosexuality in the context of religion, Muslim nations are more likely to frame homosexuality as a moral issue and use government claimsmakers. Very poor countries are also more likely to associate homosexuality with morality. Finally, more democratic nations are more likely to discuss homosexuality in the context of rights and include social movement leaders as claimsmakers.

The Expansion of LGBT Rights in Latin America and the Backlash

2019 ◽  
pp. 184-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Corrales
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Veto Players ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Lgbt Rights ◽  
Evangelical Churches ◽  
New Form

After two and a half decades of progress, the struggle for LGBT rights in Latin America started to experience a new form of backlash in the mid-2010s. Backlashes against LGBT progress are not new, but the current backlash in Latin America has a new element: the entry of evangelical churches as powerful veto players. This chapter discusses how religious groups, in particular evangelicals, are taking advantage of institutions of liberal democracy to block progress on LGBT rights. It applies theories of collective action and social movement to demonstrate how evangelicals have become the most powerful actors blocking progress.

Analysis of whole-school policy changes in Austrian schools

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-339
Author(s):  
Friedrich Teutsch ◽  
Lisa Gugglberger
Keyword(s):  
School Policy ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
School Staff ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Implementation Processes ◽  
Whole School ◽  
Current Implementation ◽  
Time Structures

Abstract Health Policies with school-wide effects have been shown to improve the health of students and school staff, but in practice, schools struggle with this approach. Ten Austrian schools which had recently adopted new time structure policies were investigated: On the basis of 19 interviews with school staff, we used thematic analysis to identify facilitating and hindering factors for the implementation processes. Furthermore, agency analysis was applied, in which the interviewees’ use of language was interpreted to estimate their perception of their own agency in the context of policy change. We found that in schools where policy changes were perceived as successfully implemented, staff was convinced of the benefits. In these schools, time structures were understood to directly influence learning and teaching processes and staff members showed a strong feeling of agency. On the other hand, schools were confronted with hindering factors similar to those known from the implementation of other health policies. The results are discussed in the light of current implementation practices, and conclusions for practitioners are drawn.

How Glitter Bombing Lost Its Sparkle: The Emergence and Decline of a Novel Social Movement Tactic*

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anya M. Galli
Keyword(s):  
Social Movement ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Interview Data ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Lgbt Rights ◽  
Media Attention ◽  
Radical Nature ◽  
The Cost

This article explores the case of glitter bombing, a short-lived form of protest in the LGBT rights movement, to understand the mechanisms behind the decline of a novel tactic. To date, little attention has been directed toward tactics that have disappeared from movement repertoires. Using interview data, I find that glitter bombing declined due to many of the same factors that initially provided momentum for its diffusion. First, it was specific to LGBT rights to the degree that the audience of potential adopters was limited. At the same time, the radical nature of glitter bombing meant that adopters were peripheral movement actors who lacked organizational support. Activists dedicated limited resources to gaining media attention and online popularity, often at the cost of other crucial aspects of mobilization. Finally, an increase in repression multiplied these challenges by posing risks to adopters and shifting media coverage away from the tactic's celebratory framing.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Social Media Usage within Social Movement to Reject the Reclamation of the Jakarta Bay, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-81
Author(s):  
Khairil Anam ◽  
Lala M Kolopaking ◽  
Rilus A Kinseng
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Digital Activism ◽  
Media Usage ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
Reclamation Plan ◽  
The Impact

Presidental Degree  No. 95 of 1995 in the era of President Soeharto was a fundamental basis in reclamation planning. The reason for the reclamation is to develop the Pantura area as an economic area and land expansion in Jakarta. However, this policy was opposed by many groups, one of which was the Ministry of the Environment by issuing the results of the 2003 Environmental Impact Study which stated that reclamation was not feasible to be continued. In addition, the reclamation plan had the potential to harm 17,000 fishermen who lived in the Jakarta bay reclamation development area; they felt the impact socially, economically and environmentally. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the reclamation rejection movement in the digital age. The paradigm of this research is constructivism, with qualitative and quantitative method approaches. Data retrieval on social media was carried out in Python 3 and Drone Emprit Academic to obtain SNA results and conversation trends and the distribution of issue locations on Twitter. This research was conducted in the Kaliadem and Kalibaru Fishermen Village, North Jakarta, involving 50 respondents and 5 informants. The result showed that social media has an effective role in encouraging the sensitivity of public attitudes in the movement. This is evidenced by the expansion of the message to reject reclamation in various regions, and it can encourage policy changes. Keywords: digital activism, fisherfolkfisher folk movement, reclamation, social media, social movement

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