Strategi Pengembangan Usaha Wisata Homestay Berbasis Komunitas di Kabupaten Raja Ampat, Provinsi Papua Barat

Raja Ampat merupakan salah satu kabupaten yang berada di Provinsi Papua yang memiliki percepatan pengembangan kegiatan wisata berkat keragaman hayati yang dimilikinya. Potensi wisata Raja Ampat berdampak pada transformasi perubahan sosial masyarakat yang sebelumnya merupakan masyarakat nelayan menjadi masyarakat pengelola ekowisata berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis: 1) potensi, kendala, dan kebutuhan pengembangan usaha homestay berbasis komunitas masyarakat asli Raja Ampat; 2) intervensi pihak luar serta akses pembiayaan; 3) dan arah pengembangan usaha komunitas pemilik Homestay Kampung Yenbuba dan Kampung Arborek, Raja Ampat. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan paradigma konstruktivisme. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, focus group discussion, dan pengumpulan data sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan mengelola usaha homestay di Raja Ampat, terjadi peningkatan perekonomian yang signifikan dibandingkan saat mereka berprofesi sebagai nelayan. Adanya intervensi dari berbagai pihak seperti pemerintah, Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat, dan swasta, sangat berpengaruh dalam mengimplementasikan pengembangan usaha pariwisata berbasis komunitas. Dengan demikian perlunya arah pengembangan dalam mendapatkan akses terhadap berbagai sumberdaya yang dimiliki serta partisipasi pihak luar dalam peningkatan kapastias SDM, akses pembiayaan, konektivitas, dan digitalisasi.

The Grassroots Innovation of Customary Forest Management: A Case Study of Kulawi-Marena Community in Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi

The Kulawi-Marena community is one of the communities with customary law units located in Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi.They have inhabited the area around the forests of the Lore Lindu National Park (TNLL) long before Indonesia became a country. The Katuvua customary law system is a mechanism for effective natural resource management in preserving forests and ensuring social order, rather than the governance applied by national park managers. The writing of this article is based on research conducted by the author with the Indonesian Institute for Forest and Environment (RMI) with the support of FAO funds in 2018. Qualitative methods were used in the data collection process through Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), in-depth interviews, and Focus Group Discussions (FGD). This article describes the customary forest management practices by the Kulawi-Marena community based on the Katuvua customary law system. Furthermore, this article shows that this practice is a form of grassroots institutional innovation that reflects "sodality" according to the understanding that has been formulated by Prof. Tjondronegoro which in this case is for the context of people outside Java. This kind of grassroots innovation in forest management based on customary law can be used as a lesson for efforts to resolve agrarian conflicts around conservation areas.

Pemanfaatan Website Desa untuk Pembangunan: Perspektif Actor-Network Theory

Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK) merupakan salah satu faktor penentu pembangunan desa. Kehadiran TIK menjadi kondisi pendukung (enabling condition) percepatan proses pembangunan di pedesaan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis proses pemanfaatan website desa untuk pembangunan berdasarkan perspektif Actor Network Theory di Desa Warungbanten, Kecamatan Cibeber, Kabupaten Lebak, Provinsi Banten. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Teknik penentuan informan dilakukan dengan bola salju (snowball). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemanfaatan website desa melibatkan aktor-aktor dari berbagai pihak dan terjadi melalui translasi. Tahap pertama adalah problematisation diawali dengan keluhan dan keinginan kepala desa untuk membuka akses informasi publik. Selanjutnya tahap interessment terjadi ketika Kaur Keuangan, Relawan TIK, Jurnalis Banten, dan pendamping lokal desa mendukung harapan kepala desa. Tahap enrolment berupa pembagian peran dalam pembuatan website, sehingga terhubung dengan komunitas Open SID. Terakhir, mobilisation adalah ketika warungbanten.id telah dijadikan sebagai website resmi Desa Warungbanten. Berdasarkan proses translasi tersebut aktor yang terlibat diklasifikasikan berdasarkan kepentingan dan pengaruhnya yang terdiri dari key player, subject, context setter, dan crowd. Efek dari penggunaan website desa adalah membuka akses informasi desa, mengelola data desa dengan baik sehingga lebih transparan,membantu masyarakat mempromosikan produk lokal, dan mendapatkan berbagai penghargaan.

Kelentingan Nafkah Rumah Tangga Pedagang Pasar Terapung di Banjarmasin : Kajian Gender dalam Sosiologi Nafkah

Pasar terapung memiliki keunikan tersendiri dibandingkan dengan pasar lainnya, karena aktivitas jual-beli berlangsung di atas sungai menggunakan perahu. Perbedaan ukuran perahu laki-laki dan perempuan pedagang pasar terapung dapat menunjukkan perbedaan status sosial-ekonomi. Demi meningkatkan keadaan ekonomi, anggota rumah tangga pedagang pasar terapung memanfaatkan modal nafkah yang dimiliki untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup. Berbagai sumber nafkah juga dimanfaatkan, baik dari sektor perdagangan maupun non-perdagangan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang didukung dengan data kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan melalui kuesioner untuk data kuantitatif dan wawancara mendalam untuk data kualitatif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis perbandingan struktur nafkah, mekanisme adaptasi nafkah, dan faktor-faktor yang mendukung tercapainya kelentingan nafkah rumah tangga pedagang pasar terapung laki-laki dan perempuan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perempuan pedagang pasar terapung menjadi pencari nafkah utama dalam rumah tangga. Selain itu, dengan segala keterbatasan yang perempuan miliki, kemampuan adaptasi mereka untuk mencapai kelentingan nafkah lebih baik dibandingkan pedagang laki-laki. Kemampuan dalam memanfaatkan sumberdaya milik sendiri dengan sangat baik menjadi kunci tercapainya kelentingan nafkah rumah tangga perempuan pedagang pasar terapung.

The Urgency of Village Mediation Institution as a Mechanism for Dispute Resolution: The Case of Wukirsari Village in the Special Region of Yogyakarta

This research discusses an important issue in the rural administration, that is the urgency of institution transformation of the status and position of the Village Head in dispute resolution among villagers. The purpose of this research is to highlight the urgency of institutionalization of dispute resolution through the Village Mediation Institution. The first concern is to find the status and legal basis of the Institution; the second is to describe the urgency of establishing this institution as a dispute resolution mechanism among villagers; and the third is to build the model or system that matches with the condition in Wukirsari. The research method used was a normative-empirical-concept and the data were analyzed qualitatively to be presented as a descriptive-prescriptive analysis. The result of this research shows that there is an urgency for Wukirsari Village government to form a Village Mediation Institution due to socio-geographic considerations and also as an implementation of Article 26 paragraph (4) letter K of Village Law No. 6 of 2014. The Village Mediation Institution in Wukirsari Village should consist of a balance composition between the elements of Village Government and professionals so that it will become an effective and efficient institution in resolving disputes among the members of Wukirsari Village society.

The Dilemma of Agricultural Mechanization and the Marginalization of Women Farmworkers in Rural Areas

Agricultural mechanization is one of the efforts to accelerate agricultural development through technological changes in agriculture. However, mechanization replaced human labor. The development of agricultural equipment and machinery technology (= Alsintan), which produces agricultural processing machines, has created a new role that replaces agricultural laborers' position. Women farmworkers are the most disadvantaged by mechanization. This study used a qualitative research method with a case study in Gadingsari Village, Bantul. This study shows that agricultural mechanization in Gadingsari Village has shifted the working mechanism of agriculture, to cultivate rice fields from human power to Alsintan, such as tractors, grinding machines, and threshing machines. Apart from leaving the traditional agricultural processing system, this change directly affects female agricultural laborers' employment opportunities because machinery has replaced the job and because men operate the majority of Alsintan. Hence, the dilemma: Changes in agricultural technology accelerate agricultural development, but at the same time increasingly marginalize female agricultural laborers. In the concept of a risk society, gender-biased technology places women at risk of modernity. Consequently, reflection on these risks is needed to find ways to accelerate inclusive agricultural development and promote gender equality

Relevansi dan Jejak Pemikiran Prof. Dr. S.M.P. Tjondronegoro dalam Pendidikan Sosiologi Pedesaan

Pendidikan Sosiologi Pedesaan di Indonesia adalah “arena-akademik” dari almarhum Prof. Dr S.M.P. Tjondronegoro. Tulisan ini bertujuan menunjukkan arena-akademik dari almarhum tersebut sebagai wadah pelembagaan dan pengembangan pemikiran sains sosial, khususnya di Bidang Sosiologi dan Antropologi Terapan dengan fokus pengorganisasian pembangunan desa. Dengan systematic review method, tinjauan atas isi dokumen, dan wawancara dengan alumni terpilih dari Program Studi (Prodi) Pascasarjana (Pendidikan Magister Sains dan Doktor) Sosiologi Pedesaan (SPD), Departemen Sains Pengembangan Masyarakat, Fakultas Ekologi Manusia, Institut Pertanian Bogor dicatat, bahwa kurikulum prodi ini, tidak lepas dari pemikiran almarhum. Bahkan, mata-mata kuliah yang diampu oleh almarhum bersama pendiri SPD lainnya, yaitu almarhum Prof. Sajogyo dan almarhum Prof. Pujiwati Sajogyo terus dikembangkan, hingga saat ini telah menjadi berbagai mata kuliah dan unsur dari tiga kompetensi peminatan mahasiswa dari Prodi SPD untuk pendidikan magister sains. Tiga peminatan tersebut adalah (1) Pengembangan Masyarakat, (2) Kajian Agraria dan Ekologi Politik, dan (3) Digitalisasi Desa dan Perubahan Sosial. Benang merah pemikiran almarhum menjadi penjalin tiga peminatan tersebut adalah pemikiran tentang sodality yang menjadi akar dari desa mengelola pembangunan secara berkelanjutan.

Sodality in Peri-Urban Community Empowerment: Perspective of Development Communication and Extension Science

Tjondronegoro's concept of sodality is gaining momentum to be applied in a broader context. Sodality is relevant to participatory approaches in community development, extension/empowerment, and development communication. This study aims to answer how the role of sodality is in the empowerment of peri-urban communities from communication and extension development sciences. This research method uses a participatory action study by placing the researcher to live with the community. Sodality can be interpreted as the life force of a unique community unit. However, without any family relationship, they are bound by a synergy of interest relations without eliminating the primary relationship. In the context of empowerment, the bonds in sodality are colored more with interest in achieving life necessities among community members. Thus, in peri-urban communities, sodality is closer to the meaning of social capital, which effectively strengthens the community's efforts to live a life together, both with internal and external parties. The Tjondronegoro version of the concept of sodality in the current era is not only for the smallest community unit in the community territory, but it can be strengthened by the meaning of a synergy of interests in meeting the needs of a community.

Actors’ Construction in Building Social Harmony in Tamilouw, Seram Island, Maluku Province

The Conflict in Maluku on January 19th, 1999 affected the harmony of life of the Moluccas universally. As a result, the people of Maluku live segregated in their respective communities. However, there are still groups of people who continue to live in harmony within the framework of diversity, namely the Tamilouw people on Seram-Maluku Island. The social harmony found in Tamilouw which is multi-ethnic and multi-religious is inseparable from the role of actors, and the workings of a systematic social structure. This study aimed to find out how the actors construct in the frame of diversity to achieve social harmony in the daily lives of Tamilouw people. The discipline approach used was the sociology of knowledge, using the reality construction theory of Peter Berger and Luckmann. The research paradigm used was constructivism with a qualitative approach. Key informants were religious leaders, indigenous leaders, community leaders, indigenous people and migrants. Data collection was carried out using observation, interview, and documentation techniques. The techniques of data analysis was the data flow analysis model according to Miles & Huberman. Based on the research findings, data analysis and discussion, it can be concluded that: Social harmony maintained in Tamilouw, Seram-Maluku Island, is the result of the integration of four main actors, namely religious leaders, traditional leaders, government figures and youth leaders. These four actors have a network or bond of trust, work strategies and rules of prevailing norms.

Measuring Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals in Rural Area: A Case Study of Sukamantri Village in Bogor District, West Java, Indonesia

A village is an arena for sustainable development where economic, social, cultural, environmental and political interactions occur. It has a strategic meaning for the successful achievement of the 17 indicators of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, villages have limitations in providing data and indicators to measure the achievement of SDGs based on RW. The aims of this study are to provide Precision Village Data (DDP) and use it to measure and analyze the achievement indicators of 16 out of 17 village SDGs. One of SDGs 14, namely the marine ecosystem is not measured because the research location is a terrestrial village with an altitude of 423-902 m ASL. The use of DDP in the research location with normalization and aggregation methods based on arithmetic averages made this study successful in calculating the scores of each village SDGs. Then the results of the analysis of the village DDP and SDGs were combined with spatial mapping. The results showed that the SDGs in Sukamantri Village cumulatively achieved quite good results. A total of 3 SDGs was classified as very good, 4 SDGs were classified as good, 3 SDGs were classified as good enough, 5 SDGs were lacking, and 2 SDGs were poorest. Referring to the SDGs index calculation for Sukamantri Village, the environmental pillar has the highest score and is on average very good. However, the social and economic pillars are in the poor category, the law and governance pillars are in the poorest category. This means that sustainable development in Sukamantri Village has not been achieved. The natural wealth in Sukamantri Village has not been managed to achieve the fulfillment of basic human rights that are of a just and equal quality, for the well-being of the villagers and the realization of inclusive and quality economic growth.