I. Manual Quantitative Assessment of Eye-Tracking Patterns

1980 ◽  
Vol 89 (4_suppl2) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshio Umeda
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Time Constant ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Total Index ◽  
Total Index Total ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Total Indices

Quantitative assessment of the electronystagmogram of the eye-tracking test (eye-tracking pattern) was undertaken in 20 normal subjects and 70 patients with vertigo. The abnormal recordings, contrary to the normal, showed, in varying degrees, remarkable irregularities of eye speed. These irregularities appeared in the form of spikes on the electronystagmogram at the time constant of 0.03 second. We measured the height of the spikes using 40°/sec as a unit and added the units of spikes appearing during a nine-second period to obtain the total index. Total indices ranged from zero (normal) to 40 + (severely abnormal), and their values showed levels of abnormality in the eye-tracking pattern more accurately than the visual analysis in current use.

Visual Analysis of Eye Tracking Data

2013 ◽  
pp. 391-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Raschke ◽  
Tanja Blascheck ◽  
Michael Burch
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Tracking Data

A Task-Based View on the Visual Analysis of Eye-Tracking Data

2017 ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuno Kurzhals ◽  
Michael Burch ◽  
Tanja Blascheck ◽  
Gennady Andrienko ◽  
Natalia Andrienko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Tracking Data

scholarly journals What Do Physicians Read (and Ignore) in Electronic Progress Notes?

2014 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 430-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Marquard ◽  
B. Amster ◽  
M. Romoser ◽  
J. Friderici ◽  
S. Goff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Patient Data ◽  
Progress Notes ◽  
Clinical Document ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Tracking Device ◽  
Study Participants

Summary Objective: Several studies have documented the preference for physicians to attend to the impression and plan section of a clinical document. However, it is not clear how much attention other sections of a document receive. The goal of this study was to identify how physicians distribute their visual attention while reading electronic notes. Methods: We used an eye-tracking device to assess the visual attention patterns of ten hospitalists as they read three electronic notes. The assessment included time spent reading specific sections of a note as well as rates of reading. This visual analysis was compared with the content of simulated verbal handoffs for each note and debriefing interviews. Results: Study participants spent the most time in the “Impression and Plan” section of electronic notes and read this section very slowly. Sections such as the “Medication Profile”, “Vital Signs” and “Laboratory Results” received less attention and were read very quickly even if they contained more content than the impression and plan. Only 9% of the content of physicians’ verbal handoff was found outside of the “Impression and Plan.” Conclusion: Physicians in this study directed very little attention to medication lists, vital signs or laboratory results compared with the impression and plan section of electronic notes. Optimizing the design of electronic notes may include rethinking the amount and format of imported patient data as this data appears to largely be ignored. Citation: Brown PJ, Marquard JL, Amster B, Romoser M, Friderici J, Goff S, Fisher D. What do physicians read (and ignore) in electronic progress notes? Appl Clin Inf 2014; 5: 430–444 http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2014-01-RA-0003

The Role of Surface Information in Object Recognition: Studies of a Visual Form Agnosic and Normal Subjects

Perception ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1457-1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Keith Humphrey ◽  
Melvyn A Goodale ◽  
Lorna S Jakobson ◽  
Philip Servos
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Object Naming ◽  
Visual Form ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Natural Objects

Three experiments were conducted to explore the role of colour and other surface properties in object recognition. The effects of manipulating the availability of surface-based information on object naming in a patient with visual form agnosia and in two age-matched control subjects were examined in experiment 1. The objects were presented under seven different viewing conditions ranging from a full view of the actual objects to line drawings of those same objects. The presence of colour and other surface properties aided the recognition of natural objects such as fruits and vegetables in both the patient and the control subjects. Experiment 2 was focused on four of the critical viewing conditions used in experiment 1 but with a large sample of normal subjects. As in experiment 1, it was found that surface properties, particularly colour, aided the naming of natural objects. The presence of colour did not facilitate the naming of manufactured objects. Experiment 3 was focused on possible ways by which colour could assist in the recognition of natural objects and it was found that object naming was facilitated only if the objects were presented in their usual colour. The results of the experiments show that colour does improve recognition for some types of objects and that the improvement occurs at a high level of visual analysis.

Slow Cumulative Eye Position to Quantify Optokinetic Afternystagmus

1992 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy C. Hain ◽  
Gaurang Patel
Keyword(s):  
Time Constant ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Directional Asymmetry ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Velocity Versus ◽  
Eye Position ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Optokinetic Afternystagmus ◽  
Optokinetic Responses ◽  
The Mean

In 30 normal subjects we computed the slow cumulative eye position (SCEP) of optokinetic afternystagmus (OKAN) that followed 60 seconds of full-field optokinetic stimulation at 60°/s. The mean SCEP was 112.8° ± 65.0°. The lower and upper fifth percentile limits for directional preponderance of the SCEP were −38.8% and 44.3%, respectively. The time constant, which we calculated by dividing the SCEP by the initial velocity, was 12.0 ± 7.4 seconds. This value is nearly identical to the time constant obtained from semilogarithmic regression of the decay of OKAN slow-phase velocity versus time. We conclude that the SCEP is a good measure of OKAN and that it reflects the substantial amount of variability and directional asymmetry observed in the optokinetic responses of normal subjects.

Optokinetic Afternystagmus in Humans: Normal Values of Amplitude, Time Constant, and Asymmetry

1989 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
pp. 741-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina A. J. Tijssen ◽  
Timothy C. Hain ◽  
Chiara S. M. Straathof ◽  
David S. Zee
Keyword(s):  
Time Constant ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Initial Velocity ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Directional Asymmetry ◽  
Intrasubject Variability ◽  
Individual Subject ◽  
Optokinetic Afternystagmus ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Normal Humans

It has been suggested that the appearance of directional asymmetry and/or a reduced time constant of optokinetic afternystagmus (OKAN) might be a clinical index of vestibular imbalance. However, we do not know the limits for OKAN parameters in normal humans. Accordingly, we studied OKAN in 30 normal subjects using a “sampling” method, in which a number of values of OKAN are obtained by turning out the lights periodically during optokinetic stimulation. We found that the initial velocity of OKAN has a large intrasubject variability. Accordingly, if precision is desired so as to obtain 95% confidence that the measured mean of the initial velocity of OKAN is within 25% of the true mean in an individual subject, at least eight measurements of the initial OKAN velocity must be taken. When 12 measurements are made, all subjects had a minimum value of 5°/s initial OKAN, and there was little directional asymmetry (mean of −0.47°/s ± 3.13°/s). The intrasubject variability of the time constant of OKAN was similar to the variability of initial OKAN velocity. However, because it is not possible to obtain repeated measures of the time constant in a short period of time, the time constant of OKAN is less likely to be useful in clinical testing.

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