Modified instability index of the troposphere associated with thunderstorms / nor'westers over Bangladesh during the pre-monsoon season

The present study is an attempt to study different Modified Stability Indices in relation to the occurrence of severe thunderstorms/nor’westers in order to find out the critical values of different modified indices favorable for the formation of thunderstorms in Bangladesh. Computations have also been made for the stations in and around Bangladesh for studying the spatial distribution of the modified stability indices. The Modified Instability Indices such as Modified Cross Total Index (MCT), Modified Vertical Total Index (MVT), Modified Total Totals Index (MTT), Modified SWEAT Index (MSWI), Modified K-Index (MKI) and Modified Energy Index (MEI) show greater instability of the troposphere in the morning as compared to CT, VT, TT, SWI, KI and EI. The critical values of different modified instability indices at 0000 UTC over Dhaka are: MCT >= 20° C, MVT >= 26° C, MTT >= 46° C, MSWI > 300, MKI >= 40° C and MEI < -6 joules/gm respectively for the nor’westers to occur in Bangladesh. The spatial distributions of modified stability indices have revealed that maximum instability lies over the area of surface low pressure especially over Bihar, West Bengal and adjoining Bangladesh at 0000 UTC on the dates of occurrence of nor’westers. Nor’westers occur at theeastern end of the maximum instability. For severe nor’westers of tornadic intensity, the critical values of different modified instability indices at 0000 UTC over Dhaka are: MCT >= 20° C, MVT >= 28° C, MTT >= 50° C, MSWI >= 500, MKI >= 42° C and MEI < -8 joules/gm respectively for the nor’westers to occur in Bangladesh.

Interrelation among different instability indices of the troposphere over Dhaka associated with thunderstorms/nor'westers over Bangladesh during the pre-monsoon season

Attempts have been made to correlate different instability indices among themselves statistically. The study reveals that the Showalter Stability Index (SI) has moderate to good correlations with different instability indices except Dew-point Index (DPI), Vertical Total Index (VT), Modified Vertical Total Index (MVT) and Modified K-Index (MK). Most of the correlations co-efficient are found to be significant up to 99% level of significance except Dry Instability Index (DII), which has correlation with SI up to 95% level of significance. Lifted Index (LI) has moderate to good correlation with different instability indices except DII, K-Index (KI) and MVT. Most of the correlations co-efficient are significant up to 99% level of significance except VT, SWEAT Index (SWI) and MKI, which have correlation with LI up to 95% level of significance. Unmodified instability indices have moderate to strong correlation with the corresponding modified instability indices, having 99% level of significance. The correlation co-efficient of VT and MVT, SWI and Modified SWEAT Index (MSWI), and KI and MKI are comparatively large. Standard errors of estimate are small in almost all the cases except a few. The regression equations obtained are likely to be helpful in the computation of different instability indices.

Variation in Selection Intensities among the Western Coastal Populations of India

Selection is continuously occurring on the living beings and the fittest who are able to reproduce will survive. To measure this selection, the data from 954 women was obtained who belong to different ethnic groups of Gujarat and Maharashtra and various index and components were computed using Crow`s Index and Johnston and Kensinger`s Index. The Crow`s total index value was found to be 0.539. The mortality component was found to be 0.130 and fertility component was found to be 0.363. The contribution of fertility component was greater than the mortality component according to Crow`s Index. Value of total selection index computed using Johnston and Kensinger`s Index is 0.639. The index of selection due to pre‐natal mortality and post‐natal mortality was observed to be 0.064 and 0.130 respectively. Therefore, it is found that among coastal populations of Gujarat and Maharashtra the selection trend is more due to fertility component than mortality component.

The Clinical Utility of the NAB Judgment Subtest Among Individuals Diagnosed With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder Within a Forensic Inpatient Setting

Executive functioning (EF) has been identified as a significant predictor in determining competence to stand trial. Individuals deemed incompetent to stand trial are provided a limited time frame before conservatorship is considered, thus, treatment providers practicing within inpatient facilities have a responsibility to efficiently identify factors that may lead to prolonged hospitalizations, in order to avoid delays in a defendant’s legal proceedings. Although previous studies have demonstrated the utility of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) Total Index Score in predicting length of stay (LOS), the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (NAB) Judgment subtest provides a measure of executive function, which is a domain not captured by the RBANS. The current study examined the relationship between both the RBANS and NAB Judgment performance as predictors of LOS among 63 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders undergoing competency restoration treatment. Additionally, sensitivity analyses were used to determine cutoff scores for individuals requiring additional competency services. Results indicated that the NAB Judgment subtest was more predictive of LOS than the RBANS Total Index Score. Additionally, a raw score of ≤9 on NAB Judgment was indicative of increased LOS. These results highlight the utility of the NAB Judgment subtest within a forensic inpatient setting.

Livelihood Capital and Land Transfer of Different Types of Farmers: Evidence from Panel Data in Sichuan Province, China

Farmers’ livelihood and land have been the focus of academic and political attention for a long time. In the process of rapid urbanization in China, as farmers change their livelihood strategies and livelihood capital allocation driven by economic interests, farmland abandonment increases, which is not conducive to the guarantee of food security. This study aims to explore the characteristics of livelihood capital and land transfer of farmers under different livelihood strategies and the effect of livelihood capital on land transfer. Based on the data obtained from Sichuan Province in 2012, 2016 and 2019 by the China Rural Development Survey Group, this paper divides farmers into pure farmers, part-time farmers and non-farmers according to the proportion of non-agricultural income in total income, and constructed the panel binary Logit model and panel Tobit model. The analysis points to the following results: (1) pure farmers tend to shift other capitals toward natural capital, so their livelihood capital total index value decreased. The part-time farmers have different shift characteristics but their livelihood capital total index value both increased first and then decreased. Non-farmers tend to shift natural capital towards other livelihood capitals, so their livelihood capital total index value increased. (2) The higher the natural capital and human capital, the higher the probability of land transfers in. The higher the natural capital, the larger the area of land transfers in. The higher the financial capital, the higher the probability of land transfers out. The higher the financial capital and social capital, the larger the area of land transfers out. It is expected to provide suggestions for the policy of farmers’ land transfer under different livelihood capital endowments.

Dostępność rodziców w dzieciństwie a przywiązanie do partnera w związku intymnym

The presented research aimed to check how, depending on different experiences in the relationship with parents during childhood, young adults function in an intimate relationship. The style of attachment to a partner was the key research category. For this purpose, the Plopa Questionnaire of Attachment Styles and survey questions were used, which allowed estimating the total index of parents’ availability. 71 people (female 50,7%) in early adulthood participated in the study. Data collection was carried out in direct contact. The results showed that a higher level of accessibility of both parents in childhood coexists with a greater intensity of the secure style of attachment to a partner in an intimate relationship. The level of parents’ availability in childhood does not correlate with unsecured styles of attachment to a partner, both among adults coming from postdivorce and full families.

Differences in Sexual Function Between Trimesters During Pregnancy: An Observational Study

<p><strong>OBJECTIVE:</strong> The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in sexual function between trimesters, and factors (in addition to pregnancy) that influence sexual function during pregnancy.</p><p><strong>STUDY DESIGN:</strong> This observational study was conducted at a tertiary referral center with 372 pregnant women. Seventy-two of the women did not complete the questionnaire (rejections or missing data) and the overall response rate was 80.6%. Among the remaining women, 43 of them excluded due to depression. Beck Depression Inventory was used to evaluate depression. Index of female sexual function questionnaire was used to assess sexual function. Index of female sexual function had a total and six sub-domain scores which assess the quality and frequency of sexual intercourse, desire, overall satisfaction, ability to achieve orgasm, and degree of clitoral sensation (c.sensation).</p><p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Total index of female sexual function and quality, satisfaction, orgasm, and c.sensation sub-domain scores were lowest in the third trimester. Older age, lower level of education, and lower level of income negatively affected total index of female sexual function scores. Quality scores were lowest in older women and women with lower education. Frequency scores were highest during the second trimester. Desire scores were highest in women aged between 18 and 25 years, in women who were newly married (1-3 years), and during the second trimester. Satisfaction scores were lowest in women older than 35 years, and highest in newly married women. Orgasm scores were highest in women aged 18-25 years, in newly married women. </p><p><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> Sexual function in women during the third trimester of pregnancy is generally affected negatively.</p>