Parotid Gland and its Lymph Nodes as Metastatic Sites

1983 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Batsakis
Keyword(s):  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽  
Upper Aerodigestive Tract ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Primary Neoplasms ◽  
Metastatic Sites ◽  
A Site

The parotid gland and its lymph nodes can serve as metastatic sites from regional and distant primary neoplasms. In the head and neck, the regions and neoplasms at risk for such metastases are melanomas and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin of the eyelids, frontal, temporal, posterior cheek and anterior ear regions. The mucous membranes of the upper aerodigestive tract may also be a site for a primary demonstrating parotid area metastases.

scholarly journals Management of HPV-Related Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: Pitfalls and Caveat

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Perri ◽  
Francesco Longo ◽  
Francesco Caponigro ◽  
Fabio Sandomenico ◽  
Agostino Guida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Upper Aerodigestive Tract ◽  
Clinical Behavior ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Management Of Hpv

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are a very heterogeneous group of malignancies arising from the upper aerodigestive tract. They show different clinical behaviors depending on their origin site and genetics. Several data support the existence of at least two genetically different types of HNSCC, one virus-related and the other alcohol and/or tobacco and oral trauma-related, which show both clinical and biological opposite features. In fact, human papillomavirus (HPV)-related HNSCCs, which are mainly located in the oropharynx, are characterized by better prognosis and response to therapies when compared to HPV-negative HNSCCs. Interestingly, virus-related HNSCC has shown a better response to conservative (nonsurgical) treatments and immunotherapy, opening questions about the possibility to perform a pretherapy assessment which could totally guide the treatment strategy. In this review, we summarize molecular differences and similarities between HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC, highlighting their impact on clinical behavior and on therapeutic strategies.

Bronchoscopy in the Staging and Evaluation of Head and Neck Carcinoma

1983 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Leipzig
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Head And Neck Carcinoma ◽  
Tracheobronchial Tree ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽  
Chest Radiographs ◽  
Upper Aerodigestive Tract ◽  
Neck Carcinoma ◽  
The Face

There is no consensus of opinion regarding the use of routine bronchoscopy, either rigid or flexible, to evaluate patients with primary squamous cell carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract for the possibility of second synchronous primary cancers. Whereas there is certainty of the effectiveness of this endoscopy in patients with questionable lesions or masses on chest radiographs, the value of this procedure in the face of a normal, unequivocal chest radiograph remains questionable. Six patients with primary carcinomas in the upper head and neck region and normal chest radiographs were among 98 patients evaluated within the past 6 months by triple endoscopy. In three instances, a small (less than 2 cm) lesion was discovered in the tracheobronchial tree, utilizing rigid diagnostic bronchoscopy. In three other patients with positive cytology from bronchial washings, a lung primary carcinoma has not been discovered. These presumed false-positive findings add a watchword of warning. The observation of these patients provides evidence to support the routine panendoscopic evaluation of all patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. A valid study to identify subgroups at risk to develop these cancers should be encouraged.

scholarly journals Treatment of metastatic neck squamous cell carcinomas with unknown primary

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 168-170
Author(s):  
Zeljko Petrovic ◽  
Svetislav Jelic
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Dissection ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Postoperative Radiotherapy ◽  
Radical Neck Dissection ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Palliative Radiotherapy ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽  
Unknown Primary

Introduction Treatment of metastatic neck squamous cell carcinomas of unknown primary is one of the most serious problems in head and neck oncology. Material and methods Fifty-one patients were analyzed during the period 1977-1997. All patients underwent clinical examination of head and neck, hematological and laboratory tests, X-ray of paranasal sinuses, esophagus and lungs, scintigraphy of the thyroid gland, epipharyngoscopy, esophagoscopy and laryngotracheobronchoscopy, biopsy of suspected changes and blind biopsy of suspected regions (epipharynx, tongue base, piriform sinus), ipsilateral tonsillectomy (17 patients), examination of gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, prostate, testicles, and breasts and ovaries, respecti- vely. Results Almost half of metastases developed in the II level of the neck (49.01%; 25/51). Most metastases were 3-6cm in diameter (N2) - 60.76% (31/51). Forty patients were surgically treated by various neck dissection methods and postoperative radiotherapy (60 Gy). Palliative radiotherapy was applied in patients with inoperable metastases. Eighteen patients had a five-year disease free survival (35.29%). Discussion Metastases localized in the II and III levels of the neck and in the upper two-thirds of the V level, should be primarily treated by neck dissection. Lymph nodes up to 3cm in diameter (N1) are operated by a modified radical neck dissection. Lymph nodes over 3cm (N2) and 6cm in diameter (N3) are operated by radical or extended radical neck dissection. Conclusion Primary surgery plus postoperative radiotherapy provide satisfactory results in therapy of metastatic squamous cell carcinomas of the neck with unknown primary.

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