The Petromastoid Canal

1983 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 640-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Proctor
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Facial Canal ◽  
Bony Labyrinth ◽  
Middle Ear Cleft ◽  
Petromastoid Canal

The embryology and anatomy of the petromastoid canal is reviewed. This structure may be responsible for the passage of some infections of the middle ear cleft into the posterior fossa. It also transmits important blood vessels to a portion of the bony labyrinth, to the facial canal, and to the mucosa of the mastoid air cell system.

Facial schwannoma without facial paralysis

1989 ◽  
Vol 103 (10) ◽  
pp. 973-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Sharp ◽  
A. I. G. Kerr ◽  
Pauline Carder ◽  
R. J. Sellar
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Jugular Bulb ◽  
Facial Canal ◽  
Facial Paresis ◽  
Stylomastoid Foramen ◽  
Seventh Nerve ◽  
Aural Polyp ◽  
Nerve Paresis ◽  
Middle Ear Cleft

AbstractA 64-year-old man with right aural discharge presented complaining of progressive deafness. Other otological symptoms were absent and specifically there was no seventh nerve paresis. A right aural polyp was identified and biopsied. Histology showed the polyp to be a schwannoma.Subsequent temporal bone computed tomography showed expansion of the distal facial canal. At operation, the schwannoma filled the middle ear cleft and extended from the genu to the region of the stylomastoid foramen. The floor of the middle ear had been eroded, exposing the jugular bulb.Facial paresis is the usual presenting feature of a facial schwannoma, while deafness, ageusia and reduced lacrimation are variable, dependent upon the site of the lesion. The absence of facial palsy as a presenting feature is very rare and this case illustrates the need for histological examination of all abnormal aural material.

Pneumatization of the Tympanic Bulla after Blockage of the Ventilation Route through the Eustachian Tube in the Pig

1996 ◽  
Vol 105 (10) ◽  
pp. 784-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumio Ikarashi ◽  
Yuichi Nakano ◽  
Takahiro Okura
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Capillary Network ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Air Cells ◽  
Middle Ear Cleft ◽  
Mastoid Air Cells

To examine whether gas exchange occurs in the middle ear air cell system independent of the eustachian tube (ET), we occluded the middle ear clefts of piglets, whose tympanic bullae closely resemble the human mastoid air cell system, and investigated subsequent changes in the air cell system. We anticipated that pneumatization and development of the air cell system would continue if gas were exchanged through the mucosa lining the air cell system. If, on the other hand, mastoid air cells depend on the ET, mastoid development would be impaired or arrested. In noninflamed ears, pneumatization was maintained, and development of the air cell system continued after the middle ear cleft had been occluded with an acrylate adhesive and the bullar air cell system was thus excluded from any communication with the ET. These results indicate that the normal middle ear air cell system has the capacity to perform gas exchange independently of the ET, with gas exchange appearing to occur through the submucosal capillary network.

scholarly journals Usefulness of High Resolution Computed Tomography scans in depicting the status of the middle ear structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 449
Author(s):  
Ponnam Bharath Kumar ◽  
Kiran Mai ◽  
Santosh Karpur
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Bony Labyrinth ◽  
The Status ◽  
Hrct Temporal Bone ◽  
Operative Assessment ◽  
Middle Ear Cleft

Background: Prior to surgery it is very important that the surgeon is fully aware, and he should have the clear picture as to the extent of the disease and the nature of the disease to give satisfactory surgical outcomes for the patient. HRCT (High resolution computed tomography) is one such guiding tool for the surgeon. The objective was to study usefulness of HRCT scan in attico-antral disease in depicting the status of the middle ear structures.Methods: A total of 30 patients were studied.  HRCT temporal bone was performed by using SIEMENS EMOTION 16 slice CT machine in axial plane and coronal images were reformatted. Findings of HRCT temporal bone were recorded.  Findings of mastoid exploration surgery were recorded. Report of HRCT of temporal bone was correlated with surgical findings and tabulated using percentages.Results: Surgery showed cholesteatoma in 26 (86.6%) patients. Epitympanum was involved in 29 (96.6%) patients in HRCT and 30 (100%) patients at surgery. Extension beyond middle ear cleft was seen in 4 (13.3%) patients in HRCT and 5 (16.6%) patients at surgery. Tympanic segment of facial canal was the most commonly involved, showing erosion in 10 (33.3%) patients in HRCT and 12 (40%) patients at surgery. Lateral SCC was the most commonly involved in bony labyrinth seen in 4 (13.3%) patients in both HRCT and surgery. Erosion of dural plate was seen in 6 (20%) patients in HRCT whereas 9 (30%) patients showed dural plate erosion at surgery.Conclusions: HRCT of temporal bone plays a promising role in pre-operative assessment of cholesteatoma as it depicts the extent of the disease and integrity of most of the middle ear structures.

Congenital Cerebrospinal Otorrhea

1979 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R. Gacek ◽  
Bruce Leipzig
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Initial Segment ◽  
Congenital Defects ◽  
Facial Canal ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Fistula ◽  
Fallopian Canal ◽  
Cochlear Aqueduct ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks ◽  
Fluid Fistula ◽  
Petromastoid Canal

Four locations for congenital cerebrospinal fluid fistula in the region of a normal labyrinth are reviewed. A congenital leak may occur through the petromastoid canal, a wide cochlear aqueduct, Hyrtl's fissure, or the facial canal. A fistula through the initial segment of the fallopian canal was successfully repaired in a two-year-old boy who had three episodes of meningitis following otitis media. Knowledge of these four sites of congenital defects provides a guideline for the surgeon in the identification and repair of cerebrospinal fluid leaks in the region of the labyrinth.

Behaviour of middle ear cleft mucosa during inflammation: Histo- morphometric study

2006 ◽  
Vol 126 (9) ◽  
pp. 905-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Matanda ◽  
Paul Van De Heyning ◽  
Johannes Bogers ◽  
Bernard Ars
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Middle Ear Cleft

Atypical Pharyngitis In Suppurative Otitis Media Cases

2008 ◽  
Vol 139 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. P98-P99
Author(s):  
Alaa A Abou-Bieh ◽  
Mona F Salama
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Middle Ear Infection ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Middle Ear Cleft

Problem Unexplained persistent or recurrent bacterial pharyngitis in some patients who suffer from infected middle ear cleft. Methods Bacteriological swabs were obtained from both the ears and the pharynx of 37 cases with chronic otorrhea and perforation, whom complain of recurrent or persistent sore-throat. Then isolation and identification of the micro-organisms were done. This included examination of direct Gram stained films and cultures. Isolated Gram negative bacilli were subjected to further identification by the biochemical reactions and antibiotyping. Identical isolates from the same patient (ear and pharyngeal swabs) were subjected to further identification by genotyping using the pulsed field gel electrophoresis technique. Results 6 cases (16%) showed identity in phenotypes and genotypes for ear and pharyngeal samples from the same patient. All pharyngeal isolates were Gram negative organisms. 4 of them were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 1 was Proteus sp., and 1 was Escherichia coli. All of these 3 species are not known to be among the primary organisms which may cause pharyngitis. Conclusion Bacterial pharyngitis in patients with chronically infected middle ear cleft may be attributed to the same organism invaded the middle ear mucosa. Also this study highlights some organisms as a pharyngeal invaders although they are not among the previously documented causatives of bacterial pharyngitis. But the study do not confirm the method of spread of these organisms and whether this was directly via the eustachian tube. Significance The study correlates the causative organism of the middle ear infection and that infected the pharyngeal mucosa utilizing the advanced bacteriological identification and genotyping techniques.

The Size Of The Middle Ear And The Mastoid Air Cell: System Measured By An Acoustic Method

1978 ◽  
Vol 85 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 24-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. I. Molvær ◽  
F. M. Vallersnes ◽  
M. Kringlebotn
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Acoustic Method ◽  
Cell System

Carcinoid tumour of the middle ear associated with systemic symptoms

1987 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 480-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Latif ◽  
D. J. Madders ◽  
R. P. E. Barton ◽  
P. A. V. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Carcinoid Tumour ◽  
Neurosecretory Granules ◽  
Diagnostic Difficulty ◽  
Systemic Symptoms ◽  
Middle Ear Cleft

Carcinoid tumour is one of the rarest middle-ear neoplasms. We describe here a case of carcinoid tumour of the middle-ear cleft that presented with aural as well as systemic symptoms. Diagnostic difficulty was encountered using light microscopy, but electron microscopy revealed the neurosecretory granules.

scholarly journals Late Presentation of Idiopathic Tympanic Membrane Ossification with External Auditory Canal Stenosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-143
Author(s):  
Hitesh Verma
Keyword(s):  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
External Auditory Canal ◽  
Special Form ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Late Presentation ◽  
Canal Stenosis ◽  
Middle Ear Cleft

ABSTRACT The external auditory canal (EAC) is formed by lateral cartilaginous and medial bony part. The stenosis of EAC is narrowing of the width of the EAC, i.e. either caused by congenital or acquired causes. Myringosclerosis is a condition caused by calcification of tissues in the tympanic membrane and ossification is a special form of fibrosis due to the long-term, irreversible continued inflammation in the middle ear cleft. We are presenting rare case of idiopathic tympanic membrane ossification with generalized stenosis of EAC in 29-year-old patient. How to cite this article Verma H, Dass A, Singhal SK, Gupta N. Late Presentation of Idiopathic Tympanic Membrane Ossification with External Auditory Canal Stenosis. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2015;7(3):141-143.

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