Endolymphatic Hydrops: An Overview and Classification

1983 ◽  
Vol 92 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold F. Schuknecht ◽  
Aina J. Gulya
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Case ◽  
Endolymphatic Hydrops ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Episodic Vertigo ◽  
Common Manifestation ◽  
Symptomatic Form ◽  
Fluctuating Hearing Loss ◽  
Over Time

Endolymphatic hydrops (EH) is a pathological condition which is the final common manifestation of a variety of otologic insults. In this paper we develop a classification which, on the basis of clinical and pathological data, distinguishes symptomatic and asymptomatic forms. Clinical case histories and temporal bone studies are presented to illustrate and substantiate this classification. The symptomatic form becomes evident by the hallmark symptoms of episodic vertigo and fluctuating hearing loss. The asymptomatic form is silent. Inter-conversion from one form to another may occur over time. Each of the forms can be subdivided, according to etiology, into embryopathic, acquired, and idiopathic types. The embryopathic type comprises those cases in which some noxious influence interferes with prenatal labyrinthine development. The acquired type includes those cases in which a documented insult, be it inflammatory or traumatic, is suffered by a previously normal labyrinth. The inflammation may be viral, bacterial, or spirochetal in nature, while the traumatic event may be either accidentally or surgically sustained. The idiopathic type includes cases in which the instigating event precipitating the EH is unknown. Menière's disease represents merely one example of the EH group of disorders, namely symptomatic idiopathic EH.

Quantitative Study of Scarpa's Ganglion and Vestibular Sense Organs in Endolymphatic Hydrops

1981 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernst Richter
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Endolymphatic Hydrops ◽  
Sense Organs ◽  
Episodic Vertigo ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Scarpa's Ganglion ◽  
Caloric Response ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Fluctuating Hearing Loss

The density of vestibular hair cells and the number of neurons in Scarpa's ganglion were estimated for 11 temporal bones with endolymphatic hydrops. The ten subjects from which these bones were taken all exhibited decreased caloric response (when tested), fluctuating hearing loss, and episodic vertigo. The degeneration of vestibular sense organs was found within the “normal” range for all except one case, which showed total degeneration of the posterior crista ampullaris. Ganglion cell counts in all cases were low. In three of the ten subjects, counts fell below the lowest values seen in a sample of “normal” ears. These three subjects exhibited fluctuating hearing loss and episodic vertigo for more than six years prior to death. In cases of unilateral endolymphatic hydrops there was no significant difference between counts in the affected and unaffected ear. Thus, the apparent ganglion cell degeneration may be due to ear disease other than endolymphatic hydrops.

Delayed Endolymphatic Hydrops

1978 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 743-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold F. Schuknecht
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Endolymphatic Hydrops ◽  
Meniere’S Disease ◽  
Ménière’S Disease ◽  
Disease Entity ◽  
Profound Hearing Loss ◽  
Episodic Vertigo ◽  
Delayed Endolymphatic Hydrops ◽  
Ménière's Disease ◽  
Fluctuating Hearing Loss

Delayed endolymphatic hydrops is a disease entity that can be differentiated from Meniere's disease. Typically it occurs in patients who have sustained a profound hearing loss in one ear, usually from infection or trauma, and then after a prolonged period of time develop either episodic vertigo from the same ear (ipsilateral delayed endolymphatic hydrops) or fluctuating hearing loss, also sometimes with episodic vertigo, in the opposite ear (contralateral delayed endolymphatic hydrops). The ipsilateral form of the disease may be treated by labyrinthectomy but no satisfactory therapy is available for the contralateral form of the disease.

scholarly journals A clinical case of restoration of the destroyed crown part of the tooth complicated by changes in the bifurcation area

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 825-828
Author(s):  
N E Mitin ◽  
D N Mishin ◽  
V F Egorkina
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Case ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Masticatory Muscles ◽  
Dental Arch ◽  
Tooth Crown ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Temporomandibular Joints ◽  
Over Time

The destruction of the tooth crown should be regarded as the cause leading over time to the disruption of the morphofunctional unity of the dentition and pathological condition of the entire dentoalveolar system. Untimely treatment of defects of hard tooth tissues leads to functional disorganization of the dentoalveolar system. The most eliminated defects are those of crowns of teeth determining the quality of aesthetics, phonetics, functions of biting and chewing. The destruction of the tooth crowns, which do not cause significant disruption of the above functions, are painless and almost asymptomatic. In such cases, deformation of the dentition and occlusion, dysfunction of masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joints as well as the development of pathological changes in periodontium occur slowly. Of great importance are the early diagnosis of pathological reconstruction of dentoalveolar system and the knowledge of pathogenesis of possible complications after the extraction of the teeth that determine the indications for prophylactic orthopedic dental treatment. The article presents a clinical case of restoration of destructed tooth crown 3.6 complicated by changes in bifurcation area. The patient underwent coronary-radicular separation with the use of cast metal cores, which allowed restoration of the sufficient size of the stump, function and anatomical shape of the tooth and hence the unity of dental arch.

Clinical Case Histories

2018 ◽  
pp. 145-274
Author(s):  
MISSING-VALUE MISSING-VALUE
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Case ◽  
Case Histories

Victims of Violence

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. McCart ◽  
Kristyn Zajac
Keyword(s):  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Violent Victimization ◽  
Early Exposure ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Intervention ◽  
Distress Symptoms ◽  
Victims Of Violence ◽  
Over Time

This chapter provides a brief overview on the prevalence and common consequences of violent victimization among adults. It also summarizes practice guidelines for the evaluation and management of victims in the acute aftermath of an assault. Guidelines argue against delivery of debriefing interventions in the days following a traumatic event and advocate instead for the provision of Psychological First Aid or early, exposure-based protocols. Symptom-based assessments are recommended for tracking victims’ distress levels over time. In addition, for individuals who continue to experience significant distress symptoms several weeks postincident, it may be advisable to deliver an evidence-based, early cognitive-behavioral intervention.

Effects of Exemplification in News Reports on the Perception of Social Issues

1996 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dolf Zillmann ◽  
Rhonda Gibson ◽  
S. Shyam Sundar ◽  
Joseph W. Perkins
Keyword(s):  
Social Issues ◽  
General Information ◽  
American Family ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
News Report ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Family Farmers ◽  
Over Time

A news report on the plight of a minority of American family farmers was manipulated to create versions differing in the degree of precision of general information (precise, imprecise) and in the use of exemplifying case histories (selective, blended, representative). Selective exemplification featured only histories of failing farms, representative exemplification a distribution of histories of failing and successful farms proportional to their actual occurrence. Respondents reported their own views concerning the farmers' plight either shortly after reading or after a delay of one or two weeks. The accuracy of estimates of failing farms was found to be highest for representative and lowest for selective exemplification—despite the availability of corrective general information. These effects were stable over time.

scholarly journals Case Report: Chemotherapy Indication in a Case of Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Presenting Optic Pathway Glioma: A One-Year Clinical Case Study Using Differential Tractography Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Mohammad Pajavand ◽  
Guive Sharifi ◽  
Amir Anvari ◽  
Farahnaz Bidari-Zerehpoosh ◽  
Mohammad A. Shamsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Optic Pathway Glioma ◽  
Clinical Case Study ◽  
Over Time

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is associated with peripheral and central nervous system tumors. It is noteworthy that the regions in which these tumors frequently arise are the optic pathways (OPs) and the brainstem. Thus, we decided to trace the procedure of diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI) alterations along with Short-Wavelength Automated Perimetry (SWAP) examinations of the OPs after surgery and chemotherapy over 1 year, which enabled us to evaluate chemotherapy's efficacy in an NF1 patient with an OP tumor. In this study, a 25-year-old woman with NF1 and left optic radiation (OR) glioma underwent surgery to remove the glioma. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) revealed a Pilocytic Astrocytoma (PA) WHO grade I. Post-operation chemotherapy done using nine treatment cycles of administering Temozolomide (TMZ) for 5 days every 4 weeks. Applying the region of interest (ROI) differential tractography method and SWAP four times every 3 months allowed us to follow the patient's visual acuity alterations longitudinally. The differential deterministic tractography method and statistical analyses enabled us to discover the white matter (WM) tracts anisotropy alterations over time. Furthermore, statistical analyses on the SWAP results along time illustrated possible alterations in visual acuity. Then, we could compare and associate the findings with the SWAP examinations and patient symptoms longitudinally. Statistical analyses of SWAP tests revealed a significant improvement in visual fields, and longitudinal differential tractography showed myelination and dense axonal packing in the left OR after 1 year of treatment. In this study, we examined an old hypothesis suggesting that chemotherapy is more effective than radiotherapy for NF1 patients with OP gliomas (OPGs) because of the radiation side effects on the visual field, cognition, and cerebrovascular complications. Our longitudinal clinical case study involving dMRI and SWAP on a single NF1-OPG patient showed that chemotherapy did not suppress the OP myelination over time. However, it should be noted that this is a clinical case study, and, therefore, the generalization of results is limited. Future investigations might focus on genetic-based imaging, particularly in more cases. Further, meta-analyses are recommended for giving a proper Field Of View (FOV) to researchers as a subtle clue regarding precision medicine.

scholarly journals MENIERE’S DISEASE

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Helena Era Millennie ◽  
Badrul Munir ◽  
Zamroni Afif ◽  
Ria Damayanti ◽  
Shahdevi Nandar Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Endolymphatic Hydrops ◽  
Meniere’S Disease ◽  
Menière’S Disease ◽  
Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials ◽  
Meniere's Disease ◽  
Ménière’S Disease ◽  
Menière's Disease ◽  
Episodic Vertigo ◽  
Ménière's Disease

Meniere’s disease is a disorder of the inner ear resulting in symptoms of episodic vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss and aural pressure. Although the exact etiology is uncertain, it is associated with raised pressure in the endolymph of the inner ear (endolymphatic hydrops). The diagnosis of Meniere's disease is based on the clinical setting of the patient. This disease usually presents with unilateral ear symptoms but can be also bilateral. Meniere's disease attacks are usually random and episodic (approximately 6-11 per year), with periods of remission that can last from months to years. Investigations are audiometry, electronystagmogram, vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) and imaging.The management consist pharmacological and non pharmacological. Meniere's disease is initially progressive but fluctuates unexpectedly. It is difficult to distinguish natural resolutions from treatment effects.

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