Optimizing Antibacterial Therapy for Community-Acquired Respiratory Tract Infections in Children in an Era of Bacterial Resistance

2004 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald E. Low ◽  
Michael E. Pichichero ◽  
Urs B. Schaad
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Antibacterial Therapy ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Tract Infections

The Spectrum of Thiazolidinediones against Respiratory Tract Pathogenic Bacteria: An In Vitro and In Silico Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 1457-1469
Author(s):  
Mohammed Al Bratty ◽  
Ayman Q. Hakami ◽  
Hatim A. Masmali ◽  
Md. Shamsher Alam ◽  
Hassan A. Alhazmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Penicillin Binding Proteins ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Tract Infections

Background and Objectives: Drug design strategies to develop novel broad-spectrum antibacterial agents for the treatment of respiratory tract infections that can combat bacterial resistance are currently gaining momentum. 2,4-thiazolidinedione is a structural scaffold that contains pharmacophores similar to β-lactam and non- β-lactam antibiotics. The objective of the study was to synthesize newer 3,5-Disubstituted-2,4-Thiazolidinediones (DTZDs) and subject them to in vitro antibacterial screening against bacterial pathogens. Also, we performed in silico docking of selected compounds to penicillin-binding proteins and beta-lactamases. Methods: Intermediate Schiff bases were prepared by the reaction between 2,4-thiazolidinedione and an appropriate aldehyde followed by acylation of the ring nitrogen with 3-brompropanoyl chloride resulting in DTZDs. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined against few bacteria infecting the respiratory tract by the broth tube dilution method. Zones of inhibitions against the bacteria were also determined using agar well diffusion technique. Molecular docking of the compounds to all types of Penicillin-Binding Proteins (PBPs) and β-lactamases was also carried out. Results: Compounds DTZD12 and DTZD16 exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the compounds were 175μg/100μL. Measurements of the zones of inhibitions indicated that compound DTZD12 was more active than DZTD16. E. coli was the most susceptible organism. Docking results established that both the compounds were able to interact with PBPs and β-lactamases through strong hydrogen bonds, especially the unique interaction with active serine residue of the PBP for inhibition of cell wall synthesis. Conclusion: DTZD12 and DTZD16 can be developed into antibacterial drugs for respiratory tract infections to oppose bacterial resistance, or can also be used as leads for repurposing the existing 2,4- thiazolidinediones.

scholarly journals Bacterial etiology of lower respiratory tract infection in a Chinese large teaching hospital from 2015 to 2019

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Tian ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Feng He ◽  
ziyong sun
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Large Teaching Hospital ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Sputum is the most common specimen type of lower respiratory tract in China, but its cultivation result is easily confused by the bacteria colonized in the oral cavity and pharynx. And it is very difficult to evaluate the clinical significance of sputum culture results both for clinicians and microbiologists. Bronchoscope alveolus lavage fluid(BALF)is a good specimen, which can accurately reflect the situation of lower respiratory tract infections (LRIs).Methods The accumulated data of BALF culture and antimicrobial susceptibility test in our hospital from January 2015 to October 2019 were reviewed and analyzed.Results The positive rate of BALF culture in our hospital was 18.3% (3467/18935) in 2015-2019. The most common pathogens were Klebsiella pneumoniae (18.1%, 627/3467), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16.9%, 587/3467) and Acinetobacter baumannii (14.0%, 485/3467). For the eight most common pathogens, 40-70 years old was the highest age of distribution, but for Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pneumoniae, 0-5 years old was also the higher age of distribution. The antibiotic resistance rate of K. pneumoniae to imipenem and meropenem was 30.6% and 30.8%, respectively. The sensitivity of P. aeruginosa to antibiotics other than minocycline and ticarcillin clavulanic acid was all more than 60%. However, the resistance rate of A. baumannii to antibiotics other than tegacyclin and minocycline was all more than 80%.Conclusions 40-70 years old was the high incidence age of lower respiratory tract bacterial infection. K. pneumoniae resistant to carbapenems ( CR-K. pneumoniae ) and A. baumannii were a great challenge to clinical treatment and bacterial resistance control.

scholarly journals Pharmacoepidemiological analysis of the use of antimicrobial drugs for diseases of the lower respiratory tract in the pulmonary department of a multifield hospital of the Republic of Tajikistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
M.N. Saidova ◽  
◽  
I.P. Pulotzoda ◽  
N.S. Sanginova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Antibacterial Therapy ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Bed Days ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
Marked Tendency

Aim. Assessment of the use of antimicrobial drugs (AD) in the pulmonary department of a multifield hospital (MH), the Republic of Tajikistan. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of medical prescriptions of patients who were treated in the pulmonary department of the Sughd Regional Clinical Hospital (city of Khojend, the Republic of Tajikistan) in 2011–2018 was carried out. The use of AD was evaluated in total, by groups in accordance with the WHO ATC/DDD index: penicillins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, and other antibiotics, as well as separately by international nonproprietary names of drugs. The measurable unit was the number of grams of an active substance, followed by the calculation of the indicators DDD/100 bed-days and percentage of total DDD. Results. Significant changes in the structure of AD used for the initial antibacterial therapy of respiratory tract infections during the study period were revealed. There is a marked tendency to reduce the use of AD of the penicillin family and macrolides, with the transition to monotherapy with cephalosporins of the 3rd generation (ceftriaxone) and partially with fluoroquinolones. Conclusion. Monitoring the use of AD in hospital departments on basis of the ATC/DDD methodology allows to make strategic decisions regarding the tactics of antibacterial therapy, determine the orientation of administrative measures and improve the range of antibacterial agents with the introduction of the modern effective drugs into practice in the future.

scholarly journals Pattern of antibiotic use and physician’s opinion about the resistance against antibiotics used for treating Respiratory Tract Infections (RTIs) in Bangladesh: A cross sectional survey

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Kaniz Farjana ◽  
Hasan Imam Zahid ◽  
M Salahuddin Bhuiya ◽  
Saquiba Yesmine
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tract Infections

Respiratory Tract Infections (RTIs) are major causes of illness, doctor visit and high rates of antibiotic prescriptions in Bangladesh. Over the past decades, emergence of antibiotic resistance has been recognized as an important public health problem across the globe. The current study was aimed to assess the physicians’ prescribing pattern of antibiotics in treating RTIs, their usages by patients and physicians’ opinion regarding the causes of antimicrobial resistance. This cross sectional survey was conducted by a self-designed standard questionnaire and data were collected manually over a two-month period from November 15, 2013 to January 18, 2014 in four cities of Bangladesh: Dhaka, Chittagong, Rajshahi and Khulna. According to physicians’ opinion, the most frequently prescribed antibiotic for RTIs was levofloxacin (33.44%) followed by azithromycin (24.12%), cefixime (18.33%) and ceftriaxone (17.84%), respectively. Erythromycin was found to be the most resistant antibiotic (32.13%). Two or more antibiotics were prescribed in 43.94% of prescriptions. A total of 65.15% prescriptions had complete direction for antibiotics use and 46.97% patients completed full course of antibiotics. Although 86.36% prescriptions had no clinical test for using antibiotics, the percentages of patients’ disease recovery were 84.85% and noncompliance was 15.15%. Most of the physicians believed that self-medication of antibiotics results in the spread of bacterial resistance to antibiotics in RTIs. The present findings are important for public awareness and education in antibiotic use. These findings also have significance to the regulations of prescribing antibiotics in RTIs in Bangladesh.Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 4(2): 9-17, 2015 (December)

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