Race, Structural Predictors, and Police Shootings: Are There Differences Across Official and “Unofficial” Accounts of Lethal Force?

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Gray ◽  
Karen F. Parker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Police Violence ◽  
Lethal Force ◽  
Police Shootings ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Official Records ◽  
Official Data

Police shootings have received considerable attention recently. While official data have often been used to capture police use of lethal force, “unofficial” databases have been developed to document lethal force patterns throughout the United States. Thus, it is now possible to systematically compare databases, exploring racial differences and potential causes, which is important given longstanding criticisms of official records. Here, we examine police shootings using Mapping Police Violence and Supplemental Homicide Reports data and investigate the impact of commonly used structural predictors on race-specific police shootings. Significant differences are revealed across official and unofficial databases, particularly by race. We conclude that the data used to estimate police shootings matter, which has key implications for future work on this important topic.

Mexicali’s Exceptionalism

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica Castillo-Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oral Histories ◽  
Mexican Migration ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Bracero Program ◽  
Border Towns ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Official Records

This chapter examines the impact of Mexican migration to the United States during the era of the Bracero Program (1942–64). It addresses the question of why migration to border towns increased during the 1940s in spite of U.S. immigration restrictions. Existing oral histories collected by the Bracero History Archive of migrant and local Baja families enriched the author's understanding of the ways in which families migrated and looked for work and performed gender roles in Mexico and in the United States. The memories of braceros provided a window into the daily lives and struggles experienced by millions of Mexican workers who migrated to the United States, stories often suppressed in official records.

scholarly journals Racial Differences in Disease Presentation and Management of Intracranial Meningioma

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (06) ◽  
pp. 555-561
Author(s):  
C. Lane Anzalone ◽  
Amy E. Glasgow ◽  
Jamie J. Van Gompel ◽  
Matthew L. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intracranial Meningioma ◽  
Multivariable Model ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Hispanic Patients ◽  
The Impact

Objective/Hypothesis The aim of the study was to determine the impact of race on disease presentation and treatment of intracranial meningioma in the United States. Study Design This study comprised of the analysis of a national population-based tumor registry. Methods Analysis of the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database was performed, including all patients identified with a diagnosis of intracranial meningioma. Associations between race, disease presentation, treatment strategy, and overall survival were analyzed in a univariate and multivariable model. Results A total of 65,973 patients with intracranial meningiomas were identified. Of these, 45,251 (68.6%) claimed white, 7,796 (12%) black, 7,154 (11%) Hispanic, 4,902 (7%) Asian, and 870 (1%) patients reported “other-unspecified” or “other-unknown.” The median annual incidence of disease was lowest among black (3.43 per 100,000 persons) and highest among white (9.52 per 100,000 persons) populations (p < 0.001). Overall, Hispanic patients were diagnosed at the youngest age and white patients were diagnosed at the oldest age (mean of 59 vs. 66 years, respectively; p < 0.001). Compared with white populations, black, Hispanic, and Asian populations were more likely to present with larger tumors (p < 0.001). After controlling for tumor size, age, and treatment center in a multivariable model, Hispanic patients were more likely to undergo surgery than white, black, and Asian populations. Black populations had the poorest disease specific and overall survival rates at 5 years following surgery compared with other groups. Conclusion Racial differences among patients with intracranial meningioma exist within the United States. Understanding these differences are of vital importance toward identifying potential differences in the biological basis of disease or alternatively inequalities in healthcare delivery or access Further studies are required to determine which factors drive differences in tumor size, age, annual disease incidence, and overall survival between races.

The Men Who Lived Underground: The Chicago Police Torture Cases and the Problem of Measuring Police Violence, 1970-2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew S. Baer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Method ◽  
Police Violence ◽  
Criminal Investigations ◽  
Chicago Police ◽  
Official Data

Historical data on the use of force by police officers in the United States are unreliable or nonexistent. Available data, moreover, focus primarily on the behavior of patrolmen on the streets while neglecting violence by detectives during criminal investigations. Through an examination of a police torture scandal in Chicago from the early 1970s through the late 1990s, this article explains why violence during custodial interrogation often goes undocumented. In Chicago, the primary method of discovering, correcting, or preventing custodial abuse—pretrial motions to suppress statements—proved inadequate. By including the work of detectives, this article argues that a true measurement of police violence, impossible in practice, would likely be much higher than official data suggest.

Wrestling with 9/11: Immigrant Perceptions and Perceptions of Immigrants

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Brettell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Asian Indians ◽  
World Trade Center ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fort Worth ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Immigrant Populations ◽  
Trade Center ◽  
The Impact

Soon after 9/11 a research project to study new immigration into the Dallas Fort Worth metropolitan area got under way. In the questionnaire that was administered to 600 immigrants across five different immigrant populations (Asian Indians, Vietnamese, Mexicans, Salvadorans, and Nigerians) between 2003 and 2005 we decided to include a question about the impact of 9/11 on their lives. We asked: “How has the attack on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001 affected your position as an immigrant in the United States?” This article analyzes the responses to this question, looking at similarities and differences across different immigrant populations. It also addresses the broader issue of how 9/11 has affected both immigration policy and attitudes toward the foreign-born in the United States. 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document