Epidemiological Profile of Infectious Diseases Notified in a Municipality Integrated into the Bioceanic Route in Brazil

Introduction: The Bioceanic Routeand its economic integration will have tremendous impact within the cities under management. The state of Mato Grosso do Sul and interior municipalities of the Paraguay-Brazil Border are standouts. The permanence of these workers in Brazilian territory will lead to a rapid increase in population in the border towns connected by the corridor and consequently, in the incidence of infectious diseases. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, quantitative and descriptive study of documentary approach that aimed to analyze the prevalence of tropical infectious diseases such asarboviroses and Diseases Related to Inadequate Environmental Sanitation (DRIES) notified and stored in the National System of Notifiable Diseases (SINAN). The sample consisted of new cases of these pathologies in the municipality of Porto Murtinho registered between January 2017 and December 2020. Results: Within the period analyzed, an increase of 10% in the total number of diseases occured. The number of dengue cases increased 36 times its previous rates; there was a maintenance from cases of Leptospirosis, Yellow Fever, Zika, Chikungunya, whereas the incidence of Syphilis, HIV and HPV decreased. Conclusions: Actions aimed at preventing the increase of Arboviruses and DRIESI before, during and after the construction of the Bioceanic Route are needed in view of the changes that will be imposed by it. Faced with the increase in the flow of people that is inevitable with the construction of this project, several outcomes are expected based on previous experiences already mentioned in this work.

Polish-Ukrainian Borderland Cultural Heritage Bridges—Lesson Drawn from Forced Population Relocation

Due to the turbulent history, unstable political situation, and the diverse ethnic composition of the population, there are numerous and varied cultural heritage objects in the Polish-Ukrainian borderland area, which has also developed characteristic landscape forms. The aim of the paper is to identify the elements of Polish cultural heritage that have remained in the collective memory of inhabitants of the Ukrainian side of the Polish-Ukrainian borderland 75 years after the forced relocation. The questionnaire survey was carried out in 2019 in selected cities of Eastern Galicia, namely, Zhovkva, Mostyska, Horodok, and Rava-Ruska. The study demonstrated that even 75 years after the forced relocation, Polish cultural heritage is still alive and has an effect on the development of the border towns and cities of Eastern Galicia. It is the elements of non-material culture, including the gastronomic culture of relocated nations, that have been preserved the best in the collective memory of borderland inhabitants. The Ukrainian population also demonstrated a good knowledge of Polish traditions and Catholic feasts as well as folk songs and Christmas carols. These are “cultural heritage bridges” that may serve as both a forum for mutual understanding and a platform for a dialogue and cooperation.

The “wound” metaphor in the border narratives of Ana Castillo and Graciela Limón

This paper explores the manifestations of the wound metaphor in two Mexican-American border novels: The Guardians (2007) by Ana Castillo and The River Flows North by Graciela Limón (2009). This will be done by analyzing the metaphor as tackled by Anzaldúa and Fuentes then examining the detrimental impact of the border on characters that are affected by it in one way or another whether through attempting to cross to the United States, crossing back to Mexico, or living in border towns.

African Diaspora and its Religious Heritage: A view from Triple-Border (Brazil/Paraguay/Argentina)

The religious diversity of Latin America is a phenomenon that has gathered the attention of researchers from different fields. Along with the expressions of belief and feeling related to Catholics and Protestants, who are still the majority, there are diverse religious practices, in this article we will focus on the analysis of practices and beliefs arising from the Afro-descendant presence in the continent in general as well as in the region known as the Triple Frontier, in a particular way. The strong socio-cultural interrelationships feedback on the intense flow of people and material/symbolic goods, complexing religious matrices, reframing beliefs and resisting colonial violence. Our reflection is based on long fieldwork at the border towns Ciudad del Este (Paraguay), Puerto Iguaçu (Argentina) and Foz do Iguaçu (Brazil), with an ethnographic approach, documents, and bibliographic review. In this direction, this article seeks to discuss the way in which Afro-descendants have been organized and maintained in this dynamic and multiform religious scenario. Throughout this path, our intention is to characterize the specificities of the different manifestations of belief/devotion/practices of/in the region originating or re-signified by the African diaspora on the continent, at the same time that we will seek to configure the socio-historical context of the emergence of the referred religious groups. And we expect to have, in the end, an ethnographic and analytical picture of the religious effects of the African presence on the south of the Latin American continent.

The Geography of Vice

This chapter is a spatial analysis of Tonkin's black market sex industry. It investigates how the area's physical, administrative, economic, and political geography shaped the ways that unregistered sex was sold in Tonkin. Some of the areas discussed here include the Red River Delta, Hanoi, Hanoi's suburbs, Hai Phong City, the military bases, the border towns, and the coast of Tonkin. The chapter discusses how the geographic and political landscape of Tonkin enabled traffickers and clandestine sex workers to evade colonial police. It talks about how colonial land policies, the tax system, and the government's neglect of the suburbs further impoverished peasants, leading women to seek alternative income through sex work.

The Minimum Spanning Tree of the Nigeria Roads Network through Multiple-Roads Network System

The research work is aimed at finding the optimal graph of the Travel Salesman Problem of the vehicular movement from multiple sources of the Nigeria roads network of the coastal towns: Lagos, Port Harcourt, Asaba and Calabar through the hinterland to multiple destinations (border towns) of Katsina, Sokoto and Maiduguri so as to minimize the cost of fueling, maintenance and loss customers and goods/services get delivered to destinations in good time. In obtaining the optimal graph, the Kruskal algorithm of the minimum spinning tree was used and was implemented by a computer application package, TORA, developed by Taha. The optimal minimum spinning graph is: Lagos – Abeokuta – Ibadan – Osogbo – Ilorin – Osogbo – Akure - Ado Ekiti – Akure – Benni – Asaba – Owerri - Port Harcourt – Umuahia – Uyo – Calabar – Uyo – Umuahia - Port Harcourt – Owerri – Asaba – Benni – Awka – Enugu – Abakelike – Enugu – Awka – Benni – Akure – Lokoja – Abuja – Minna –Abuja – Kaduna – Kano – Katsina - Kano – Dutse – Kano – Gasua – Sokoto – Brini Kebbi – Sokoto – Gusau – Kano – Kaduna - Abuja – Lafia – Makurdi – Lafia – Jos – Bauchi – Gombe – Yola – Jalingo – Yola – Gombe – Damaturu – Maiduguri with the total distance of 8327Km.