What Have You Done for Me Lately? Educational Research and Urban Schools

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Bennett ◽  
Benji Cohen
Keyword(s):  
School Districts ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Urban Schools ◽  
Urban Youth ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Opportunity Gap ◽  
Discussion Paper ◽  
Federal Policies ◽  
Shed Light

Educational scholars have argued that poverty can hamper student achievement. In this critical discussion paper, we provide a historiography of how urban poverty increased in America over the last 30 years of the 20th century. We contend that educators and educational researchers working in P-12 urban schools should understand how federal urban policies contributed to the academic opportunity gap. To show how these federal polices still affect urban youth today, we provide demographic, housing, and crime data from two school districts in Nashville, Tennessee. These data shed light on the adverse effects federal policies have had on urban districts when compared to their suburban counterparts. As such, we believe there is a need for a reconceptualization of the type of research conducted in P-12 urban schools. We end by providing recommendations for how this shift might occur.

The manifestation of depression in the context of urban poverty: A factor analysis of the Children’s Depression Inventory in low-income urban youth.

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 1317-1332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy J. Taylor ◽  
Kathryn E. Grant ◽  
Kelly Amrhein ◽  
Jocelyn Smith Carter ◽  
Farahnaz Farahmand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Youth ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Children's Depression Inventory ◽  
Children’S Depression Inventory ◽  
Children’S Depression

Lack of Technology in Urban Schools

2012 ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
Tamika Washington
Keyword(s):  
School Districts ◽  
Urban Schools ◽  
Learning Technology ◽  
Learning Software ◽  
Technology Resources

Many times in urban schools, computers and learning software are either at a shortage or simply do not exist. In schools like that, the ratio of students to computers can be as high as 20 to one. This case study compares the learning technology resources and opportunities accessible to William and Terrance, two cousins who attended 4th grade in two different school districts.

scholarly journals Invisible inequality leads to punishing the poor and rewarding the rich

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
OLIVER P. HAUSER ◽  
GORDON T. KRAFT-TODD ◽  
DAVID G. RAND ◽  
MARTIN A. NOWAK ◽  
MICHAEL I. NORTON
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Public Education ◽  
School Districts ◽  
New York School ◽  
Public Goods Game ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractFour experiments examine how lack of awareness of inequality affect behaviour towards the rich and poor. In Experiment 1, participants who became aware that wealthy individuals donated a smaller percentage of their income switched from rewarding the wealthy to rewarding the poor. In Experiments 2 and 3, participants who played a public goods game – and were assigned incomes reflective of the US income distribution either at random or on merit – punished the poor (for small absolute contributions) and rewarded the rich (for large absolute contributions) when incomes were unknown; when incomes were revealed, participants punished the rich (for their low percentage of income contributed) and rewarded the poor (for their high percentage of income contributed). In Experiment 4, participants provided with public education contributions for five New York school districts levied additional taxes on mostly poorer school districts when incomes were unknown, but targeted wealthier districts when incomes were revealed. These results shed light on how income transparency shapes preferences for equity and redistribution. We discuss implications for policy-makers.

scholarly journals Contradictions of Transit-Oriented Development in Low-Income Neighborhoods: The Case Study of Rosengård in Malmö, Sweden

Urban Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laleh Derakhti ◽  
Guy Baeten
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Transit Oriented Development ◽  
Significant Development ◽  
Shed Light

Transit-oriented development (TOD) has become a leading model of urban planning worldwide that promises to meet a broad range of local and regional objectives: improving mobility, expanding ridership, attracting investment, reducing urban poverty, improving quality of life, making affordable housing and fostering urban integration. At the same time, the implementation of TOD in many cities has raised concerns about gentrification, displacement, re-segregation, and more polarization. This article aims to shed light on these issues by bringing together previously disparate literature that mentions these contradictions and discusses policymakers’ hopes and critics’ concern for the implementation of a newly started TOD project in a universal housing system in Rosengård—a segregated, low-income neighborhood in Malmö, Sweden. Although policy advocates view the project as a significant development strategy for a more sustainable Malmö, there are also real concerns about gentrification and the potential displacement of low-income residents. Furthermore, the mixed-methods study showes how integration might be achieved, but concerns have arisen about the possible exclusion of the current low-income residents, which brings up issues of inequality, representation of poverty, and marginalization.

Within-District Racial Segregation and the Elusiveness of White Student Return to Urban Public Schools

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chase M. Billingham
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
School Districts ◽  
Urban Schools ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Racial Segregation ◽  
School Segregation ◽  
White Families ◽  
The Past ◽  
Urban Public Schools

Recent research has determined that racial segregation within school districts has decreased, on average, over the past two decades, even as segregation between school districts has persisted. Although case studies have documented White families’ return to urban public schools, with potential implications for segregation patterns, quantitative data on the scope of this trend are lacking. In this article, I examine enrollment and segregation within 97 urban districts from 1990 through 2010. The trend of White return to urban schools is quite limited; in most cities, White enrollment declines have persisted. Meanwhile, urban school segregation has increased modestly in recent decades.

Note to Educators: Hope Required When Growing Roses in Concrete

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Duncan-Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Urban Schools ◽  
Urban Youth ◽  
Educational Practice ◽  
Critical Hope

In this essay, Jeff Duncan-Andrade explores the concept of hope, which was central to the Obama campaign, as essential for nurturing urban youth. He first identifies three forms of "false hope"—hokey hope, mythical hope, and hope deferred—pervasive in and peddled by many urban schools. Discussion of these false hopes then gives way to Duncan-Andrade's conception of "critical hope," explained through the description of three necessary elements of educational practice that produce and sustain true hope. Through the voices of young people and their teachers, and the invocation of powerful metaphor and imagery, Duncan-Andrade proclaims critical hope's significance for an education that relieves undeserved suffering in communities.

scholarly journals Emergence of Ketamine as a Rapid Acting Antidepressant: Mechanistic Insights and Future Directions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atamjit Singh ◽  
Preet Mohinder Singh Bedi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Aspartate Receptor ◽  
Resistant Depression ◽  
Significant Attention ◽  
Shed Light

Ketamine is a phencyclidine derivative and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, widely popular as a dissociative anesthetic. Its use as an anesthetic in humans was progressively fallen out due to its associated adverse effects and the emergence of newer and safer anesthetics. In recent few decades, various reports related to its efficacy in the treatment of resistant depression with anti-suicidal potential draw significant attention from researchers around the globe. The rapid clinical effect of ketamine within hours as compared to traditional antidepressants that take several weeks makes it a hot topic in antidepressant research. Studies conducted in the recent past suggest its mechanism of action through glutamate modulation via receptors like NMDA, AMPA as well as downregulation of BDNF etc. This chapter will shed light on the various mechanisms of ketamine related to antidepressant activity. Along with that its pharmacokinetics, toxicology and ongoing clinical trials will also be discussed.

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