scholarly journals COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review of Epidemiology and Public Health System Response in Nordic Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 002073142199484
Author(s):  
Mehak Nanda ◽  
Rajesh Sharma ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
System Response ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Mass Gatherings ◽  
Nordic Region ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control ◽  
Epidemiology And Public Health

This paper investigates the epidemiology and public health response of novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in the Nordic region. The data on cases and deaths due to COVID-19 were drawn from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. The data on age- and sex-wise cases, deaths and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, and public health interventions in the Nordic region through November 10, 2020, were obtained from respective countries’ health ministries. Sweden accounted for 60.59% of cases (162 240 of 267 768 cases) and 81% of deaths (6057 of 7477 cases) in the Nordic region. The incidence rate for the Nordic region was 989.59 per 100 000, varying from 327.30 per 100 000 in Finland to 1616.51 per 100 000 in Sweden, and the mortality rate for the region was 27.63 per 100 000, ranging from 5.3 per 100 000 in Norway to 60.35 per 100 000 in Sweden. The case–fatality ratio of the Nordic region was 2.79%. Females were more susceptible to COVID-19 infection than males (52.30% vs 47.66%), while males had a greater proportion of deaths (54.7%) and ICU need (71.99%) than females. It is imperative to continue with social distancing, mandatory masks, testing, prohibition of mass gatherings, isolation of confirmed cases, and preventing the importation of cases from other countries to avoid the further resurgence of cases.

scholarly journals Characteristics of and Public Health Responses to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Qun Deng ◽  
Hong-Juan Peng
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Lower Case ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

In December 2019, cases of unidentified pneumonia with a history of exposure in the Huanan Seafood Market were reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province. A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, was identified to be accountable for this disease. Human-to-human transmission is confirmed, and this disease (named COVID-19 by World Health Organization (WHO)) spread rapidly around the country and the world. As of 18 February 2020, the number of confirmed cases had reached 75,199 with 2009 fatalities. The COVID-19 resulted in a much lower case-fatality rate (about 2.67%) among the confirmed cases, compared with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). Among the symptom composition of the 45 fatality cases collected from the released official reports, the top four are fever, cough, short of breath, and chest tightness/pain. The major comorbidities of the fatality cases include hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction, and chronic bronchitis. The source of the virus and the pathogenesis of this disease are still unconfirmed. No specific therapeutic drug has been found. The Chinese Government has initiated a level-1 public health response to prevent the spread of the disease. Meanwhile, it is also crucial to speed up the development of vaccines and drugs for treatment, which will enable us to defeat COVID-19 as soon as possible.

scholarly journals JOINT REGIONAL MILITARY ACT TO CURB CORONA VIRUS PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Thomas Atmaja Adi ◽  
Ganesha Wandawa ◽  
Wahyu Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Military Medicine ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Data Processing Tool ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Military

<div><p class="Els-history-head">Threats to the security of the Republic of Indonesia are classified as military and non-military threats. One of the non-military threats is the danger of an epidemic, which includes a threat with a public safety dimension. The growth of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) cases has been very fast. As of August 4, 2020, globally 18.14 million cases were confirmed worldwide with 691,013 deaths or a Case Fatality Ratio (CFR) of 3.8%. The 2019-nCoV Outbreak became a COVID-19 pandemic which has an impact on public health and the world economy. ASEAN Plus member countries are deploying militaries to help contain the spread and control the effects of this pandemic. The military is deployed because it is considered a trained resource and is better prepared to deal with emergencies. The purpose of this study is to analyse the joint action of the regional military in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study uses an explanative qualitative method using NVivo as a data processing tool and data analysis using Soft System Methodology (SSM). The results of this study found that the joint regional military actions that have been carried out to stem the spread of COVID-19 are dominated by activities carried out by the ASEAN Center of Military Medicine (ACMM) as the leading sector, activities that have been carried out are the exchange of information and sharing practical activities in managing COVID-19, holding a Tabletop Exercise (TTX) for public health emergency response, joint research and sharing health materials among ASEAN Plus member countries. Meanwhile, the ASEAN Plus network of biological and radiological defense experts has yet to show specific activities to curb the COVID-19 pandemic.</p></div>

scholarly journals A Second Pandemic: Mental Health Spillover From the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen R. Choi ◽  
MarySue V. Heilemann ◽  
Alex Fauer ◽  
Meredith Mead
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Nurse Leaders ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Mental Wellness ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Global Health Challenge

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has created an unprecedented global health challenge. There is risk that the outbreak will create a “second pandemic” of mental health crises in health systems and communities. Thus, a comprehensive public health response to the pandemic must include (a) attention to the psychological aspects of hospitalization for patients, families, and staff affected by COVID-19; (b) planning for emergency and acute psychiatric patient care if hospitals become overwhelmed with COVID-19 patients; and (c) innovations for providing mental health care in communities while social distancing is required and health system resources are strained. Nurses and nurse leaders must anticipate these mental health challenges, assist with preparedness in health systems and communities, and advocate for a coordinated response to promote mental wellness and resilience.

scholarly journals Prevention and control of COVID-19: public health response in Puttalam District

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinusha Fernando ◽  
Thushani Dabrera ◽  
Udani Adhikary ◽  
Dinej Chandrasiri ◽  
Mahendra Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Health Response ◽  
And Control

Dengue in Puerto Rico, 1977: Public Health Response to Characterize and Control an Epidemic of Multiple Serotypes *

1986 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Morens ◽  
John P. Woodall ◽  
Ernesto E. Ruiz-Tibén ◽  
Chester G. Moore ◽  
Donald A. Eliason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Health Response ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals The variations in the trends of novel coronavirus disease cases reported in Sri Lanka and the public health response

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Dharmaratne ◽  
P. Gunasena ◽  
M. W. Gunathunga ◽  
M. Kothalawala ◽  
M. D. S. Sudaraka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

scholarly journals Initial public health response and interim clinical guidance for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak — United States, December 31, 2019–February 4, 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 889-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Patel ◽  
Daniel B. Jernigan ◽  
Fatuma Abdirizak ◽  
Glen Abedi ◽  
Sharad Aggarwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Clinical Guidance ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

An in-depth analysis of 10 epidemiological terminologies used in the context of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 140349482110577
Author(s):  
Sathyanarayanan Doraiswamy ◽  
Ravinder Mamtani ◽  
Sohaila Cheema
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Epidemiology And Public Health

Aim: In this paper, we explore the contextual use of 10 epidemiological terminologies, their significance, and interpretation/misinterpretation in explaining various aspects of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods and Results: We first establish the different purposes of the terms ‘pandemic’ and ‘Public Health Emergency of International Concern.’ We then discuss the confusion caused by using the ‘case fatality rate’ as opposed to ‘infection fatality rate’ during the pandemic and the uncertainty surrounding the limited usefulness of identifying someone as ‘pre-symptomatic.’ We highlight the ambiguity in the ‘positivity rate’ and the need to be able to generate data on ‘excess mortality’ during public health emergencies. We discuss the relevance of ‘association and causation’ in the context of the facemask controversy that existed at the start of the pandemic. We point out how the accepted epidemiological practice of discussing ‘herd immunity’ in the context of vaccines has been twisted to suit the political motive of a public health approach. Given that a high proportion of COVID-19 cases are asymptomatic, we go on to show how COVID-19 has blurred the lines between ‘screening/diagnosis’ and ‘quarantine/isolation,’ while giving birth to the new terminology of ‘community quarantine.’ Conclusions: Applying the lessons learned from COVID-19 to better understand the above terminologies will help health professionals communicate effectively, strengthen the scientific agenda of epidemiology and public health, and support and manage future outbreaks efficiently.

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