Violence, Displacement, and Support for Internally Displaced Persons: Evidence from Syria

2021 ◽  
pp. 002200272110115
Author(s):  
Alexandra C. Hartman ◽  
Benjamin S. Morse ◽  
Sigrid Weber
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Conjoint Experiment ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Intergroup Behavior

What is the legacy of war, violence, and displacement on altruism toward diverse populations suffering similar hardships today? Prior research suggests these hardships have the potential to increase empathy that can in turn motivate altruism across identity boundaries. We test this hypothesis using survey data collected in 2017 from over 2,000 Syrians living in rebel-held regions where many internally displaced persons (IDPs) sought refuge. We find that Syrians previously exposed to violence were more likely to host IDPs. Using a conjoint experiment to measure hosting preferences over different types of IDPs, we show that these individuals also preferred to host sick and vulnerable IDPs and outgroup IDPs from the Kurdish ethnic minority. However, they were less likely to host IDPs from the Christian minority, possibly due to their association with the government. These results suggest that empathy and politics both play an important role in shaping the relationship between violence, altruism, and intergroup behavior during conflict.

scholarly journals The challenges of internally displaced persons and the way forward: the Nigerian experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-36
Author(s):  
Agbo Friday Ojonugwa
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Internal Displacement ◽  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Lasting Peace ◽  
History Of ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
The Government ◽  
Peace And Development

Internally displaced persons (IDPs) are usually forced to flee or leave their homes, particularly in situations of armed conflict. They are displaced within their national territories and are generally subject to heightened suffering and vulnerability in many cases. It is also essential to state that the issue of internal displacement has become prominent because of the realisation that peace and reconstruction in conflict-ridden societies depend on the effective settlement and reintegration of displaced persons. Nigeria is a country that has a history of conflicts and displaced people. There has been a challenge in finding lasting peace through the employment of conflict resolution techniques and also the challenge of catering for the welfare of internally displaced persons in the country. However, peace and development without taking into account the settlement, return, and reintegration of IDPs. These desirous objectives are proving quite difficult in Nigeria as many challenges confront the government, policymakers, and humanitarian NGOs in providing the IDPs with their rights and needs. Some of the challenges can easily be overcome while some are more tasking requiring concerted efforts and massive resources to overcome. The aim of this article is to highlights the significant challenges confronting IDPs and provides some solutions to these challenges. In adopting the doctrinal method in discussions, the article finds that enormous challenges abound that confront IDPs in Nigeria, and it finds that there is the need for the government to find urgent solutions to the challenges of IDPs for the wellbeing of IDPs  

scholarly journals Self-acclaimed Religious terrorism, Refugee crisis, and the Plight of Internally Displaced Persons in Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinyere Theresa Nwaoga ◽  
Anuli B. Okoli ◽  
Favour C. Uroko
Keyword(s):  
Homeless Persons ◽  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Phenomenological Method ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Adequate Care ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
The Government ◽  
Religious Terrorism

Abstract The paper examines how the self-acclaimed religious terrorism has forced thousands of Nigerians to be displaced from their homes. Boko haram, a religious terrorist group, has destroyed properties, wasted lives and rendered many homeless. These homeless persons became refugees and internally displaced persons. These refugees are those who fled the shores of Nigeria to neighbouring countries while the internally displaced persons (IDPs) are those persons who are still within Nigeria. The paper critically accesses the plight of displaced persons (Nigerian refugees and IDPs) and the causative factors. It was discovered that there are severe hunger and starvation in displaced person’s camp. The methodology used in this paper is the descriptive phenomenological method of qualitative research. It was used so as to provide an objective report on the findings of this research. As part of its recommendation, the paper proposes that the government should make candid effort to see to the adequate care for Nigerians who have been displaced from their homes.

WPS, Migration, and Displacement

2018 ◽  
pp. 642-656
Author(s):  
Lucy Hall
Keyword(s):  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Forced Displacement ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Significant Potential ◽  
Refugee Protection ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
The Relationship

The gendered impact of forced displacement is written into the foundation of the Women, Peace, and Security (WPS) agenda. This chapter explores the relationship between the protection of internally displaced persons (IDPs), refugees, and the WPS agenda to consider the potential for closer alignment between these frameworks. The chapter distinguishes between refugees and IDPs and their corresponding normative frameworks to explore how, despite being closely related, they have in different ways and to different degrees engaged with the WPS Agenda. Tracing the relationship between refugee protection and the WPS agenda, the chapter follows with a similar discussion of the relationship between IDP protection and the WPS agenda. With reference to more recent attempts to closely align the WPS agenda with IDP and refugee protection, the possibilities and limitations of closer alignment are explored. This chapter argues that there is significant potential for the WPS agenda to be more closely aligned with the protection frameworks that address forced displacement and suggests several points of departure for displaced women, advocates, and scholars to reinvigorate feminist visions of peace and security that could more strongly unite these three normative agendas.

scholarly journals Food aid for internally displaced persons in Manicaland, Zimbabwe

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wonesai Sithole ◽  
Jan K Coetzee
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Food Aid ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Major Question ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
The Government

Internally displaced persons (IDPs) are among the most neglected and vulnerable populations in the world. There are few laws that protect them as the government is the instigator of the displacement and no government can be both perpetrator and protector. Food aid has become one of the major protective interventions aimed to enhance stability in settings of displacement. However, a major question is how food aid affects IDPs. The study on which this article is based, was designed to investigate and evaluate how food aid affects the lives of displaced persons. The focus is on understanding the effects of food aid on households’ food security, migration trends and asset loss during periods of displacement. The study employs the sustainable livelihood framework in analyzing the role of food aid on IDPs. It focuses on the relationship between food aid and livelihoods assets, and indicates how the transforming structures can be linked to food aid interventions. The findings show that food aid plays a significant role in cushioning displaced households provided that it is integrated with other sustainable livelihood interventions (such as those that promote the value of household assets and land holding). Due to denied access to land, IDPs are dependent on food aid for their household food security. Increased school attendance is noted because of food aid to IDPs but the absence of security of tenure hinders community driven effective alternatives to a food aid programme. If security of tenure is not addressed IDPs in Manicaland will find it difficult to deal with their food insecurity.

scholarly journals The Role of Media in the Coverage of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPS) of Malakand Division (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa)

2020 ◽  
Vol V (II) ◽  
pp. 34-49
Author(s):  
Dost Muhammad Yousafzai ◽  
Mehrunnisa
Keyword(s):  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Military Operation ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Government ◽  
Democratic Stability ◽  
The One ◽  
The Military

The Taliban rule in Swat and the adjoining districts of Malakand Division was a major threat to the democratic stability of Pakistan. In consequence, the state had to mobilize the army and to curb militancy through force after all peaceful measures had failed. During the military operation, about 3 million people became IDPs (internally displaced persons) with no food and shelter. The only means of bringing the problems of the IDPs to the notice of public was possible only through media. The present research study is undertaken to highlight the role of media mainly the print in representing the IDPs, the language they used to describe the events and the experience of senior journalists (Bureau Chiefs) in the field. The study concludes that media performed in a commendable way to highlight the problems of IDPs, to glorify the army and to downplay the anti-state narrative of the Taliban. Further, it is found that despite all efforts, the media personnel felt torn between the various sides' expectations. On the one hand, they were pressed hard by the government and the IDPs to give them more coverage while the militants would also issue threats to them in case their views were not properly.

scholarly journals Appraisal of the Role of Law Clinics in Internally Displaced Persons and Refugee Camps in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 29-42
Author(s):  
Maryam Idris Abdulkadir
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Lake Chad ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The Government

The crises from the northeastern part of Nigeria and neighbouring countries especially around the Lake Chad region (Cameroun and Chad) have created a lot of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and refugees in the country. This has led to creation of such camps that are scattered all over the country, that is, in the North East, South, South East and the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. A lot of humanitarian crises occur in such camps, the most disturbing of which is a violation of certain fundamental human rights, like right to liberty and right to dignity, exploitation and sexual assault. This has led to the creation of Refugee and IDP camps. This article examined the role that law clinics can play in addressing the legal issues highlighted. The history and development of legal education in Nigeria and how it gave birth to law clinics was traced. Moreover, the causes of creation of refugee and IDP camps were discussed. The article recommends that law clinics, through social justice, access to justice and client interview, can play a tremendous role in addressing the legal problems faced by the inhabitants of the camps, and this will also help achieve one of the learning outcomes of the course which deals with humanitarian law. The article further states that the presence/role of law clinics will not only benefit the students of the law clinic and the inhabitants of the camps but also benefit the Federal Government of Nigeria through data collection and statistics from these camps, and it will be a means for the government to curtail human rights violation in such areas.

The Refugee Crisis / Internally Displaced Persons and Theological Education

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-132
Author(s):  
Raphael Akhijemen Idialu
Keyword(s):  
Theological Education ◽  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Prophetic Voice ◽  
Church And Society ◽  
The Government ◽  
Biblical Perspective ◽  
The Church

This article considers the current global trend of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) and the Refugee Crisis, which have become serious concerns for most nations of the world and for the Church. While not limiting the discussion to the current refugee situation, the article focuses more on the circumstances faced by IDPs in Nigeria and the factors that led to this situation. The article brings a Biblical perspective to the situation, as it also looks at the role that theological education can play in stemming the migration tide. Bibliographic and ethnographic tools used in eliciting data reveal that theological education has a role in critically assessing the IDP situation and finding a way out of it. Also, theological education can be a prophetic voice for the Church and society in condemning the factors that lead to crises, and even in urging and encouraging both the government and the Church to fulfil their responsibilities.

scholarly journals INTEGRATION OF INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS IN THE SOCIETY

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
Nina A. Krakhmalova
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Social Events ◽  
Forced Migrants ◽  
The Government ◽  
Favourable Environment

The paper seeks to provide insights to the nature and problematic issues as well as to specify the institutes for adaptation and integration of internally displaced persons in modern Ukraine. Yet, a vast range of problems faced by IDPS in the process of their adaptation remains unresolved so far. Among the major challenges of IDP social integration are as follows: housing and employment problems, financial hardship, dissolution of family ties, the problem of adaptation, etc. The situation and problems of internally displaced persons have been analyzed along with providing a socio-demographic portrait of IDP in Ukraine, the key challenges for IDPS have been revealed. According to the survey, forced migrants maintain close relationships with charity organizations and government social services (respectively 69% and 44% of respondents, respectively). The problem of employment is the survival issue for IDPS in modern realia, since the government support fails to cover even the accommodation costs. Housing rent and utilities expenditures account for almost the entire income of IDPS. Apart from financial problems, a great number of IDPS worry about the ongoing war in Ukraine and strive for peace (84% of respondents) as well as the failure to be with their families (42% of respondents), which are important for the process of adaptation. The research findings offer the following recommendations to be undertaken: the government support must primarily be targeted to resolve the major problems that IDPS cannot overcome on their own, i. e. finding a place to live and employment. It is critical to create favourable environment and incentives for those employers who employ migrants. This will raise the level of IDPs competitiveness in the labour market, thus making their adaptation much easier. Since people have undergone through extremely traumatic experiences due to military actions and the process of resettlement, forced migrants need psychological assistance. Local communities should engage IDPS into social events to foster their integration. In conclusion, it is argued that internally displaced persons are a potential that will allow Ukraine to flourish, live in peace and consent in a single territory, for the sake of a bright future of the nation. The strategies and mechanisms for internally displaced persons adaptation and integration into the new social and cultural environment have been explored; the role of the government, volunteers and international organizations in promoting the adaptation and integration of internally displaced persons has been specified.

Sustainable development goals and reproductive healthcare rights of internally displaced persons in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhulika Sahoo ◽  
Jalandhar Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Internal Displacement ◽  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
The Government ◽  
Reproductive Healthcare

Purpose The internally displaced persons (IDPs) are often overlooked population, falling between the cracks of international and national commitments. Displaced women and children go through more hardship than the male counterpart, as they are frequently at greater risk and do not get adequate access to the reproductive healthcare rights; they suffer from poor health amid threats of eviction. The purpose of this paper is to look into the IDPs reproductive healthcare situation in India and sustainable development goal (SDG) role in addressing the reproductive healthcare rights of the IDPs in India. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on the available literature on reproductive rights of IDPs in India, analysis of the SDGs 3 and other legal safeguards. Findings The newly arrived IDPs in the camps have complex needs and health problems. They are susceptible to a number of health problems due to the exposure to physical and environmental threats, violence and trauma. Many of them face a loss of social networks and assets, knowledge and information in the new environment, and lack food security. They have inadequate shelter, healthcare services, sanitation and access to safe water. Research limitations/implications This is a viewpoint paper and most of the information in this paper are taken from different sources which are cited in the reference section. There is a lack of sufficient data on IDPs in India. Most of the IDPs figures/data are quoted from Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre and other literature. Practical implications To achieve the SDGs by 2030, India needs to take account of all people’s vulnerabilities to address their humanitarian and sustainable development needs. It is important that the development, humanitarian actors, along with the local communities, work collectively to respond to the health needs of the IDPs. Moreover, the active role of the government can provide the necessary assistance to guarantee the rights of IDPs health, adequate standard of living and to social security. Originality/value This paper highlights the reproductive healthcare rights of the IDPs in India and the challenges faced by them. It has analyzed the policy gaps. The paper also suggests few measures that can be undertaken to address those challenges under the SDGs.

Relative stability in Sudan’s Darfur may not last

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Stability ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
The Government ◽  
Military Control ◽  
Armed Opposition Groups

Subject The arrest of Musa Hilal. Significance In recent months, Sudan’s Darfur region has enjoyed a period of relative calm. As conflict with Darfur’s beleaguered armed opposition groups has receded, the government has sought to cement its control through a controversial nationwide forcible weapons collection campaign. While allegations of heavy-handed tactics have been numerous, a much-anticipated backlash has not yet materialised. In a surprise turn of events, the government was able to neutralise at least temporarily the greatest perceived threat to its plans, when on November 27 it succeeded in arresting prominent militia leader Musa Hilal, the sheikh of the Mahamid clan of the Rizeigat Arab community of North Darfur. Impacts The ongoing disarmament campaign may trigger other pockets of localised violence, both in Darfur and elsewhere. The government will seize the opportunity to tighten its military control over Darfur, including over internally displaced persons camps. Tensions within the Rizeigat community may take years to resolve.

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