Indo-Pak Relations in Ideological Perspective after 9/11: Critical Discourse Analysis of Nawa-i-Waqt; A Pakistani Urdu Newspaper

The objective of this work was to utilize the critical discourse analysis in the reporting and coverage of Indo-Pak relations from an ideological perspective after 9/11. The critical discourse analysis of local, international, and business news, editorials, articles, columns, and letters to the editor published in Nawa-i-Waqt, a Pakistani Urdu Newspaper, is carried out. The overall purpose of the study was to critically analyze lexical choices, rhetorical devices and the dominant themes reported after 9/11 from August 1st, 2008 to January 31, 2009, the peak time of terrorist attacks in Pakistan. In the present study, it has been noticed that the Urdu newspaper Nawa-i-Waqt reports and publishes more news, editorials, columns, and articles regarding this hot aspect. The CDA of lexical items reported and published in the daily Nawa-i-Waqt revealed the use of victimization and generalization in the coverage of Indian Occupied Kashmir. Similarly, Nawa-i-Waqt newspaper also exclusively focused and reported the historical narrative of the government of Pakistan and its efforts to convey the frightful condition of Kashmir and Kashmiris to the nations of the world and engage them to resolve this longstanding dispute.

Framework to Counter Lone Wolf Terrorist Activity via Web

Lone wolf is one of the most dangerous shape of terrorism as they are almost undetectable. Although lone wolf is almost untraceable, it is possible that they leave footprints while using internet. However, internet is primarily used to communicate ideology to potential lone wolf, and visitors of such internet sources or websites require technical expertise which is not very common. This enables lone wolf to operate effectively, staying in low profile till the time an opportunity does not offer itself. It has the most devastating effect on the morale of counter terrorist force and is also the most effective terrorist tool to spread fear in the hearts of populous.

Effects of Horror Movies on Psychological Health of Youth

The current study is an explanatory study on the effects of watching horror movies on the psychological health of teenagers in the city area of Faisalabad. Researchers tried to explain the mental health and psychological problems like phobias, nightmares, sleep disorder, harsh behavior etc., in teenagers and their preferences of movies watching. The study explains that the majority of teenagers are used to watching movies, and they prefer Horror and Action movies via the internet, and these movies are affecting their psychological health. They choose films to watch for entertainment, but such kind of enjoyment has deep down affected their brains and social behaviors. Responses were collected through a survey questionnaire.

The Negative Role of Social Media to Create Anxiety in University Students Amidst COVID-19

The purpose of the study is to explore the negative role of social media on university students mental health amidst digitalized COVID-19 setting that throbs excruciating pain, fear, anxiety, stress and depression. The quantitative and qualitative data were collected from the Department of English students of a public university in Punjab, Pakistan. The findings reveal that students' are engaged daily for 4 hours on social media forums for online chats, information and amusement. The social media platforms strategically create situations to express unrestrained sentiments. The use of cartoons and images reflect students' potential for creativity, criticality and social innovation.

Newspapers in Peril: Rationalizing the Economic Challenges of Novel Coronavirus (Covid-19) upon Regional Journalists in Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan

Mass media play a decisive role in distributing health knowledge and awareness about health diseases. Covid-19 has been measured as the most dangerous health hazard of the 21st century that has constituted social, environmental and financial perils for humanity, including the media outlets. However, the Pakistani newspaper industry was already witnessing a decline in its readership and coronavirus has further deteriorated the situation for journalists working in regional newspapers. The methodological design using indepth interviews seeks to discover the financial difficulties faced by journalists employed in local or regional newspapers in Hyderabad city of Sindh province, Pakistan. The distress of unpaid salaries, financial security and paid leave were recognized as dominant elements that emerged during the present investigation as the extension to studies conducted concerning health communication. Therefore, this research suggests that government and business tycoons should financially collaborate with each other to consider challenges encountered by journalists for the survival of the newspaper industry in Pakistan.

Printed Versus Electronic Books: Uses and Preference of Mass Media Students in Lahore

This study is an exertion to determine the preference of university students regarding the usage of electronic books. Postulates of displacement theory were applied to find out the reasons behind students’ adoption of online mode of reading and its effects on learning outcome. The study has examined that if the printed books will be totally replaced by the electronic version or not. A sample of 150 university students studying in the Mass Communication department was selected. Survey methodology was employed to find answers to the research questions. The findings of the study revealed that students preferred using electronic books to printed books. The e-books are considered cost-friendly, easy to access and portable. With the help of findings, it was concluded that e-books had become part and parcel of the life of students, but at the same time, there would be a preference for reading printed books.

Transposition Inertia at Tertiary Level: The Impact of Online Entertainment Via Cell Phones on Privacy, Safety, Psychological Wellbeing and Academic Achievements of University Students

This paper examines the impact of online entertainment media on privacy, safety, psychological wellbeing and academic achievements of youth through the smart phones. The authors reviewed literature on excessive use of social media, business and marketing industries by Chris Anderson, Rasmous Kleis Neilson, Lijun Zhou, Kathleen Van Royen, Karolien Poels, Heidi Vandebosch, Philippe Adam, William G. Zikmund et. al. and others, and developed the theoretical framework around the excessive usage of new media and credibility theories. They prepared a survey questionnaire to study the said impact of new entertainment media on privacy, safety, psychological wellbeing and academic achievements of youth, taking N=200 students of University of Lahore. They used the statistical tools for data analysis. The regression analysis of the dependent variables "Privacy", "Safety", "Psychological Needs", and "Educational Achievements" against the independent variable Online Entertainment Media show the extent rate at 44.2%, 62.9%, 83%, and 80.2 % respectively among youth.

Analyzing Negativity in Democratic Media Setup: Case Study of PDM

Negativity is a widespread concept in media and literature. The study attempt to analyze negativity in Pakistan's news media from the perspective of PDM (Pakistan Democratic Movement). The study applied standardized operationalization of the concept by Lengauer, Esser, and Berganza (2012). The negativity index includes tonality, pessimistic outlook, conflict centeredness, incapability, and actor related negativity. Content of print and electronic media was analyzed for thirty days. The results of the study revealed that electronic media has more actor related negativity. The reaction of the sitting government had more actor related negativity while news stories about government criticism were more pessimistic in nature. The coverage given by media was not sufficient as it is a country wide protest, on average 10 news stories per day were published/ broadcasted by both news outlets. Overall PDM coverage highlight negative, sensationalized phrases by government and opposition leaders

Social Media Usage and Mental Health: A Cross-Sectional Study in Pakistan

Excessive social media usage can be harmful to the mental health of individuals. The core objective of the study was to inspect the effects of social media usage on mental health. Secondly, to find out the mean differences of gender, social media and mental health. A cross-sectional research design was utilized to fulfil the study objectives. n=1067 students from six different universities in Punjab, Pakistan, were selected through a multi-stage sampling technique. Data was collected through an adapted questionnaire comprised of three distinct parts, i.e. socio-demographic profile, social media integration scale by Maree (2017) and Goldberg depression scale (1993), to check the social media effects on mental health among youth. Attained replies were analyzed by using SPSS analysis software version 21. Furthermore, to check the direction and consistency of the relationship among these variables, Pearson correlation was applied, which demonstrated a negative relationship between social media usage and mental health problems at p<.000. This study concluded a negative influence of excessive social media usage on mental health among youth in public universities of Punjab, Pakistan.

Economic Recession in the Media Industry and Survival of the KPK's Journalists

Media was hit by the economic recession of 2018-19, and hundreds of media workers lost their jobs, but at the same time, many journalists survived. This study is focused on how the journalists in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) survived during this media crisis and how they equipped themselves to face the challenges faced by them. Their approach towards the recession was positive, and they also accepted the challenges to enhance their capacity to fulfil the requirements of their respective organizations. The study at hand is qualitative in nature, wherein the researcher employed the technique of in-depth interviews. Twenty journalists among those who have survived during the economic recession, with a minimum 5 years of experience in the field from Khyber Union of Journalists and Peshawar Press Club, were interviewed. The results show that recession made the journalists ponder on polishing their other skills by enhancing their capacity to produce diversified content to sustain their jobs in the field.