scholarly journals Horizontal and Vertical Transfer of Oral Microbial Dysbiosis and Periodontal Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (13) ◽  
pp. 1503-1510 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Payne ◽  
A. Hashim ◽  
A. Alsam ◽  
S. Joseph ◽  
J. Aduse-Opoku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Vertical Transfer ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Disease Agent

One of the hallmark features of destructive periodontal disease, well documented over the last 50 y, is a change to the quantitative and qualitative composition of the associated microbiology. These alterations are now generally viewed as transformational shifts of the microbial populations associated with health leading to the emergence of bacterial species, which are only present in low abundance in health and a proportionate decrease in the abundance of others. The role of this dysbiosis of the health associated microbiota in the development of disease remains controversial: is this altered microbiology the driving agent of disease or merely a consequence of the altered environmental conditions that invariably accompany destructive disease? In this work, we aimed to address this controversy through controlled transmission experiments in the mouse in which a dysbiotic oral microbiome was transferred either horizontally or vertically into healthy recipient mice. The results of these murine studies demonstrate conclusively that natural transfer of the dysbiotic oral microbiome from a periodontally diseased individual into a healthy individual will lead to establishment of the dysbiotic community in the recipient and concomitant transmission of the disease phenotype. The inherent resilience of the dysbiotic microbial community structure in diseased animals was further demonstrated by analysis of the effects of antibiotic therapy on periodontally diseased mice. Although antibiotic treatment led to a reversal of dysbiosis of the oral microbiome, in terms of both microbial load and community structure, dysbiosis of the microbiome was reestablished following cessation of therapy. Collectively, these data suggest that an oral dysbiotic microbial community structure is stable to transfer and can act in a similar manner to a conventional transmissible infectious disease agent with concomitant effects on pathology. These findings have implications to our understanding of the role of microbial dysbiosis in the development and progression of human periodontal disease.

scholarly journals Structural changes in the oral microbiome of the adolescent patients with moderate or severe dental fluorosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Wang ◽  
Xuelan Chen ◽  
Huan Hu ◽  
Xiaoyuan Wei ◽  
Xiaofan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Oral Diseases

AbstractDental fluorosis is a very prevalent endemic disease. Although oral microbiome has been reported to correlate with different oral diseases, there appears to be an absence of research recognizing any relationship between the severity of dental fluorosis and the oral microbiome. To this end, we investigated the changes in oral microbial community structure and identified bacterial species associated with moderate and severe dental fluorosis. Salivary samples of 42 individuals, assigned into Healthy (N = 9), Mild (N = 14) and Moderate/Severe (M&S, N = 19), were investigated using the V4 region of 16S rRNA gene. The oral microbial community structure based on Bray Curtis and Weighted Unifrac were significantly changed in the M&S group compared with both of Healthy and Mild. As the predominant phyla, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes showed variation in the relative abundance among groups. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio was significantly higher in the M&S group. LEfSe analysis was used to identify differentially represented taxa at the species level. Several genera such as Streptococcus mitis, Gemella parahaemolysans, Lactococcus lactis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum, were significantly more abundant in patients with moderate/severe dental fluorosis, while Prevotella melaninogenica and Schaalia odontolytica were enriched in the Healthy group. In conclusion, our study indicates oral microbiome shift in patients with moderate/severe dental fluorosis. We identified several differentially represented bacterial species enriched in moderate and severe fluorosis. Findings from this study suggests that the roles of these bacteria in oral health and related diseases warrant more consideration in patients with moderate and severe fluorosis.

scholarly journals Stochastic Assembly Leads to Alternative Communities with Distinct Functions in a Bioreactor Microbial Community

mBio ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jizhong Zhou ◽  
Wenzong Liu ◽  
Ye Deng ◽  
Yi-Huei Jiang ◽  
Kai Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Microbial Biodiversity ◽  
Stochastic Assembly

ABSTRACTThe processes and mechanisms of community assembly and its relationships to community functioning are central issues in ecology. Both deterministic and stochastic factors play important roles in shaping community composition and structure, but the connection between community assembly and ecosystem functioning remains elusive, especially in microbial communities. Here, we used microbial electrolysis cell reactors as a model system to examine the roles of stochastic assembly in determining microbial community structure and functions. Under identical environmental conditions with the same source community, ecological drift (i.e., initial stochastic colonization) and subsequent biotic interactions created dramatically different communities with little overlap among 14 identical reactors, indicating that stochastic assembly played dominant roles in determining microbial community structure. Neutral community modeling analysis revealed that deterministic factors also played significant roles in shaping microbial community structure in these reactors. Most importantly, the newly formed communities differed substantially in community functions (e.g., H2production), which showed strong linkages to community structure. This study is the first to demonstrate that stochastic assembly plays a dominant role in determining not only community structure but also ecosystem functions. Elucidating the links among community assembly, biodiversity, and ecosystem functioning is critical to understanding ecosystem functioning, biodiversity preservation, and ecosystem management.IMPORTANCEMicroorganisms are the most diverse group of life known on earth. Although it is well documented that microbial natural biodiversity is extremely high, it is not clear why such high diversity is generated and maintained. Numerous studies have established the roles of niche-based deterministic factors (e.g., pH, temperature, and salt) in shaping microbial biodiversity, the importance of stochastic processes in generating microbial biodiversity is rarely appreciated. Moreover, while microorganisms mediate many ecosystem processes, the relationship between microbial diversity and ecosystem functioning remains largely elusive. Using a well-controlled laboratory system, this study provides empirical support for the dominant role of stochastic assembly in creating variations of microbial diversity and the first explicit evidence for the critical role of community assembly in influencing ecosystem functioning. The results presented in this study represent important contributions to the understanding of the mechanisms, especially stochastic processes, involved in shaping microbial biodiversity.

scholarly journals Effects of tobacco–peanut relay intercropping on soil bacteria community structure

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (13) ◽  
pp. 1531-1536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Gao ◽  
Xin-min Liu ◽  
Yong-mei Du ◽  
Hao Zong ◽  
Guo-ming Shen
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Relay Intercropping ◽  
Bacteria Community Structure

Abstract Purpose A reasonable cultivation pattern is beneficial to maintain soil microbial activity and optimize the structure of the soil microbial community. To determine the effect of tobacco−peanut (Nicotiana tabacum−Arachis hypogaea) relay intercropping on the microbial community structure in soil, we compared the effects of relay intercropping and continuous cropping on the soil bacteria community structure. Methods We collected soil samples from three different cropping patterns and analyzed microbial community structure and diversity using high-throughput sequencing technology. Result The number of operational taxonomic units (OTU) for bacterial species in the soil was maximal under continuous peanut cropping. At the phylum level, the main bacteria identified in soil were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria, which accounted for approximately 70% of the total. The proportions of Actinobacteria and Firmicutes increased, whereas the proportion of Proteobacteria decreased in soil with tobacco–peanut relay intercropping. Moreover, the proportions of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria among the soil bacteria further shifted over time with tobacco–peanut relay intercropping. At the genus level, the proportions of Bacillus and Lactococcus increased in soil with tobacco–peanut relay intercropping. Conclusion The community structure of soil bacteria differed considerably with tobacco–peanut relay intercropping from that detected under peanut continuous cropping, and the proportions of beneficial bacteria (the phyla Actinobacteria and Firmicutes, and the genera Bacillus and Lactococcus) increased while the proportion of potentially pathogenic bacteria (the genera Variibacter and Burkholderia) decreased. These results provide a basis for adopting tobacco–peanut relay intercropping to improve soil ecology and microorganisms, while making better use of limited cultivable land.

scholarly journals Microbial community structure in the western tropical South Pacific

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3909-3925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Bock ◽  
France Van Wambeke ◽  
Moïra Dion ◽  
Solange Duhamel
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
N2 Fixation ◽  
Phytoplankton Biomass ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Bottom Up

Abstract. Oligotrophic regions play a central role in global biogeochemical cycles, with microbial communities in these areas representing an important term in global carbon budgets. While the general structure of microbial communities has been well documented in the global ocean, some remote regions such as the western tropical South Pacific (WTSP) remain fundamentally unexplored. Moreover, the biotic and abiotic factors constraining microbial abundances and distribution remain not well resolved. In this study, we quantified the spatial (vertical and horizontal) distribution of major microbial plankton groups along a transect through the WTSP during the austral summer of 2015, capturing important autotrophic and heterotrophic assemblages including cytometrically determined abundances of non-pigmented protists (also called flagellates). Using environmental parameters (e.g., nutrients and light availability) as well as statistical analyses, we estimated the role of bottom–up and top–down controls in constraining the structure of the WTSP microbial communities in biogeochemically distinct regions. At the most general level, we found a “typical tropical structure”, characterized by a shallow mixed layer, a clear deep chlorophyll maximum at all sampling sites, and a deep nitracline. Prochlorococcus was especially abundant along the transect, accounting for 68 ± 10.6 % of depth-integrated phytoplankton biomass. Despite their relatively low abundances, picophytoeukaryotes (PPE) accounted for up to 26 ± 11.6 % of depth-integrated phytoplankton biomass, while Synechococcus accounted for only 6 ± 6.9 %. Our results show that the microbial community structure of the WTSP is typical of highly stratified regions, and underline the significant contribution to total biomass by PPE populations. Strong relationships between N2 fixation rates and plankton abundances demonstrate the central role of N2 fixation in regulating ecosystem processes in the WTSP, while comparative analyses of abundance data suggest microbial community structure to be increasingly regulated by bottom–up processes under nutrient limitation, possibly in response to shifts in abundances of high nucleic acid bacteria (HNA).

scholarly journals Bioremediation of oil shale chemical industry solid wastes using phytoremedition and bioaugmentation

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Jaak Truu ◽  
Eeva Heinaru ◽  
Ene Talpsep ◽  
Eve Vedler ◽  
Marti Vurmäe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Oil Shale ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Microbiological Methods

Although the production of oil shale energy and oil has decreased steadily during the last years with a corresponding decrease in wastes, the semi-coke mounds constitute one of the major adverse environmental challenges in Estonia The processed oil shale (semicoke) contains several organic and inorganic compounds (oil fractions, sulphides, phenolic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). Laboratory and field experiments were carried out in order to test the effect of phytoremediation and bioaugmentation for remediation of pollutants in semi-coke. Four pilot test plots (50 m2 ) were established at semi-coke depository in July 2001. For bioaugmentation experiment the set of bacteria consisting of three biodegradative strains isolated from nearby area was selected. Several molecular microbiological methods were used to assess and compare the microbial community structure and diversity as well as the presence and diversity of biodegradative genes in collected samples. The dominant bacterial species based on 16S rDNA sequences in semi-coke samples were also identified. These analyses revealed that semi-coke microbial community is characterized by few dominant populations and possesses low diversity. The phytoremediation increased the number of bacteria and diversity of microbial community in semi-coke. Within a one and half year period starting from establishment of test plots, the concentration of phenolic compounds decreased up to 50% and oil products up to three times at plots with vegetation compared to control. Bioaugmentation experiment, performed in summer 2002 increased biodegradation intensity of oil products up to 50% compared to untreated planted controls. The plots, which were supplemented with laboratory-selected bacteria, were characterized by higher microbial activity and showed changes in microbial community structure. Our findings also indicate that plant growth; particularly rooting depth and belowground biomass could be enhanced by adding mixture of selected bacterial strains to semi-coke.

scholarly journals Obesity, Asthma, and the Microbiome

Physiology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngji Cho ◽  
Stephanie A. Shore
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Novel Treatments

Obesity is a risk factor for asthma, but standard asthma drugs have reduced efficacy in the obese. Obesity alters the gastrointestinal microbial community structure. This change in structure contributes to some obesity-related conditions and also could be contributing to obesity-related asthma. Although currently unexplored, obesity may also be altering lung microbiota. Understanding the role of microbiota in obesity-related asthma could lead to novel treatments for these patients.

scholarly journals mSphere of Influence: Drivers of Host-Associated Microbial Community Structure and Change

mSphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa L. Hale
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Microbial Structure ◽  
Mucus Barrier ◽  
Evolution Of Mammals

ABSTRACT Vanessa L. Hale studies the role of the microbiome in disease susceptibility in animal and human health. In this mSphere of Influence article, she reflects on how the papers “Evolution of mammals and their gut microbes” (R. E. Ley, M. Hamady, C. Lozupone, P. J. Turnbaugh, et al., Science 320:1647–1651, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1155725) and “A dietary fiber-deprived gut microbiota degrades the colonic mucus barrier and enhances pathogen susceptibility” (M. S. Desai, A. M. Seekatz, N. M. Koropatkin, N. Kamada, et al., Cell 167:1339–1353.e21, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.10.043) have provided a foundation for studying drivers of gut microbial structure and change across host species in the context of evolution and disease risk.

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