Effect of the Contraceptive Steroids Norethynodrel and Mestranol on Dental Caries Activity in Young Adult Female Rats

1973 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.T.Y. Liu ◽  
H.S. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Test Diet ◽  
Caries Activity ◽  
Contraceptive Steroids ◽  
Carious Lesions

Norethynodrel and mestranol in a ratio identical to that used for contraception were injected subcutaneously daily for five weeks into young adult female rats. These rats were fed with a purified caries test diet. The carious lesions of the treated rats increased proportionately with increased doses of the agents.

Dissimilar Anxiety-like Behavior in Prepubertal and Young Adult Female Rats on Acute Exposure to Aluminium

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trina Sengupta ◽  
Sutirtha Ghosh ◽  
Archana Gaur T. ◽  
Prasunpriya Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Acute Exposure ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Plus Maze

Background: Puberty is a developmental transition in which an estrogenic surge occurs, mediating the release of xenoestrogens, like aluminium. Aluminium’s effect on anxiety in rodents at the different developmental stages is inconsistent. Aims: This study aimed at investigating the effect of the metalloestrogenic property of aluminium on anxiety-like behavioral changes in prepubertal and young adult female rats. Objective: Considering this aim, our objective was to evaluate the anxiety-like behavior by the elevated plus maze in prepubertal and young adult female rats with or without acute exposure to aluminium. Methods: To address this property of aluminium, 5mg/Kg body weight (Al-5) and 10 mg/Kg body weight (Al-10) of aluminium was administered intraperitoneally to female rats at two developmental stages, prepubertal (PP; n = 8 for each dose) and young adult (YA; n = 6 for each dose) for two weeks. Post-treatment, three days behavioral assessment of the rats was done employing elevated plus maze. Results: Reduced escape latency was seen in Al-5, Al-10 pre-pubertal rats, and Al-5 young-adult rats on day 3. A significant reduction in open arm time was seen in the Al-5 young-adult rats. Aluminium treatment in the pre-pubertal rats reduced their head dipping and grooming. Reduced sniffing, head dipping, and stretch-attended posture in the treated young-adult female rats showed that they had impaired risk-taking tendency. Conclusion: Differential effect on the anxiety-like behavior in the pre-pubertal and young-adult female rats might be due to the metalloestrogenic property of aluminium, acting differently on the two age groups.

scholarly journals Acute genistein treatment mimics the effects of estradiol by enhancing place learning and impairing response learning in young adult female rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha L. Pisani ◽  
Steven L. Neese ◽  
Daniel R. Doerge ◽  
William G. Helferich ◽  
Susan L. Schantz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Place Learning ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Response Learning ◽  
Genistein Treatment

scholarly journals Changes in Body Composition and Efficiency of Food Utilization for Growth in Young Adult Female Rats Before, During and After a Period of Food Restriction

1979 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
VJ Williams ◽  
W Senior
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Ad Libitum

Changes in body composition were studied in three groups of young adult female rats; the treatments were (1) ad libitum food intake to obtain normal growth, (2) restricted food intake to cause body weight loss, and (3) restricted followed by ad libitum food intake to obtain recovery of lost body weight.

Uteroplacental Insufficiency Impairs Cholesterol Elimination in Adult Female Growth-Restricted Rat Offspring Fed a High-Fat Diet

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1173-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin K. Zinkhan ◽  
Baifeng Yu ◽  
Robert McKnight
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Hepatic Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Hepatic Bile ◽  
Artery Ligation ◽  
Hepatic Bile Acids

Uteroplacental insufficiency (UPI) causes intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and increases the risk of hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular disease, which are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Little is known about the mechanism through which UPI increases cholesterol. Hepatic Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (Cyp7a1) is the rate-limiting and most highly regulated step of cholesterol catabolism to bile acids. Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase is regulated by transcription factor liver X receptor α (Lxrα) and by microRNA-122. We previously showed that microRNA-122 inhibition of Cyp7a1 translation decreased cholesterol catabolism to bile acids in female IUGR rats at the time of weaning. We hypothesized that UPI would increase cholesterol and microRNA-122 and decrease Cyp7a1 protein and hepatic bile acids in young adult female IUGR rats. To test our hypothesis, we used a rat model of IUGR induced by bilateral uterine artery ligation. Both control and IUGR offspring were exposed to a maternal high-fat diet from before conception through lactation, and all offspring were weaned to a high-fat diet on postnatal day 21. At postnatal day 60, IUGR female rats had increased total and low-density lipoprotein serum cholesterol and hepatic cholesterol, decreased Lxrα and Cyp7a1 protein, and decreased hepatic bile acids. Hepatic microRNA-122 was not changed by UPI. Our findings suggest that UPI decreased cholesterol catabolism to bile acids in young adult female rats through a mechanism independent of microRNA-122.

scholarly journals Protective Immunity against Streptococcus mutansInfection in Mice after Intranasal Immunization with the Glucan-Binding Region of S. mutansGlucosyltransferase

1999 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 6543-6549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Jespersgaard ◽  
George Hajishengallis ◽  
Yan Huang ◽  
Michael W. Russell ◽  
Daniel J. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Chimeric Protein ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Oral Streptococci ◽  
Caries Activity ◽  
Mouse Infection Model ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
Insoluble Glucan

ABSTRACT Here we present the construction and characterization of a chimeric vaccine protein combining the glucan-binding domain (GLU) of thegtfB-encoded water-insoluble glucan-synthesizing glucosyltransferase enzyme (GTF-I) from Streptococcus mutans and thioredoxin from Escherichia coli, which increases the solubility of coexpressed recombinant proteins and stimulates proliferation of murine T cells. The protective potential of intranasal (i.n.) immunization with this chimeric immunogen was compared to that of the GLU polypeptide alone in a mouse infection model. Both immunogens were able to induce statistically significant mucosal (salivary and vaginal) and serum responses (P < 0.01) which were sustained to the end of the study (experimental day 100). Following infection with S. mutans, sham-immunized mice maintained high levels of this cariogenic organism (∼60% of the total oral streptococci) for at least 5 weeks. In contrast, animals immunized with the thioredoxin-GLU chimeric protein (Thio-GLU) showed significant reduction (>85%) inS. mutans colonization after 3 weeks (P < 0.05). The animals immunized with GLU alone required 5 weeks to demonstrate significant reduction (>50%) of S. mutansinfection (P < 0.05). Evaluation of dental caries activity at the end of the study showed that mice immunized with either Thio-GLU or GLU had significantly fewer carious lesions in the buccal enamel or dentinal surfaces than the sham-immunized animals (P < 0.01). The protective effects against S. mutans colonization and caries activity following i.n. immunization with GLU or Thio-GLU are attributed to the induced salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) anti-GLU responses. Although in general Thio-GLU was not significantly better than GLU alone in stimulating salivary IgA responses and in protection against dental caries, the finding that the GLU polypeptide alone, in the absence of any immunoenhancing agents, is protective against disease offers a promising and safe strategy for the development of a vaccine against caries.

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