Thermal Diffusion Through Amalgam and Cement Bases: Comparison of In Vitro and In Vivo Measurements

1976 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.R. Tibbetts ◽  
R.J. Schnell ◽  
M.L. Swartz ◽  
R.W. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Thermal Diffusion ◽  
Zinc Phosphate ◽  
In Vivo Measurements ◽  
Zinc Oxide Eugenol ◽  
Amalgam Restorations

Under both in vitro and in vivo conditions, bases of zinc oxide-eugenol, calcium hydroxide, and zinc phosphate cement reduced the rate of thermal diffusion through amalgam restorations. Thermal diffusion was slowest in the presence of zinc oxide-eugenol bases, followed by calcium hydroxide and zinc phosphate cement. However, the clinical significance of the differences is not known.

scholarly journals Sealability of Different Root Canal Nanosealers: Nano Calcium Hydroxide and Nano Bioactive Glass

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 308-315
Author(s):  
Asmaa A. Desouky ◽  
Maged M. Negm ◽  
Magdy M. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Nano Powder ◽  
Zinc Oxide Eugenol ◽  
Nail Polish ◽  
Stereo Microscope

Background: The success of the endodontic treatment is largely dependent on the sealing achieved by root canal obturation. The application of sealer fills imperfections and increases adaptation of the root filling to the canal walls. Aim: To evaluate the sealability of experimental nanosealers (nano calcium hydroxide and nano bioactive glass) and to compare it with the commercial zinc oxide eugenol sealer using a dye penetration method. Materials and Methods: Sixty single-rooted mandibular premolars were selected. The tooth crowns were removed so as to obtain standardized 15-mm-long root specimens. The root canal was instrumented with Protaper Ni-Ti rotary file and the final file size was up to # F4/.06 (in vitro study). They were then randomly allocated into 3 groups of 20 specimens each (n=20) according to the sealer used for obturation, and all samples were filled with single cone gutta-percha (#40/06) and one of the tested sealers. All teeth were coated with nail polish and then suspended in 2% methylene blue dye for 7 days. Stereo-microscope (x10) was used to evaluate the sealability of newly introduced nanosealers. The data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA test followed by post hoc analysis (P < 0.05). Results: Significant improvement shown by the presented study suggests that nano calcium hydroxide sealer showed significantly less dye leakage than nano bioactive glass sealer and zinc oxide eugenol sealer. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the synthesized nano-powder sealers are suitable for use in root canal therapy to prevent leakage. The root canal can be sealed better by using smaller nano-powder particle sizes. In addition, the two groups exhibited significant differences in leakage in comparison with commonly used ZOE sealer.

Leakage evaluation in vitro of two calcium hydroxide and two zinc oxide-eugenol-based sealers

1987 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 336-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Rothier ◽  
Mario Roberto Leonardo ◽  
Idomeo Bonetti ◽  
Ary J.D. Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Zinc Oxide Eugenol

scholarly journals Volumetric Assessment of Root Canal Obturation Using 3% Nano-Chitosan Versus Zinc Oxide Eugenol (ZOE) and Iodoform-Calcium Hydroxide (Metapex), in Primary Root Canals Shaped with Rotary Versus Manual Methods: A Preliminary In-Vitro Spiral CT Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elahe Babashahi ◽  
Maryam Mohmadi Kartalaie ◽  
Leila Basir ◽  
Vahid Rakhshan4
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Zinc Oxide Eugenol ◽  
Volumetric Assessment ◽  
The Difference

Objectives: In this study, chitosan was introduced and used as a substitute for pulpectomy obturation against conventional materials: zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) and iodoform-calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) compounds. Also, efficacies of rotary versus manual instrumentations were compared. Materials and Methods: This preliminary in-vitro study was performed on 152 intact non-resorbed root canals of primary molars divided into rotary (n=78) versus hand-instrumentation (n=74) and also into ZOE (n=53), iodoform-Ca(OH)2 (n=50), and 3% nano-chitosan (n=49). Canals were cleaned/shaped using hand or rotary files. Canal spaces were measured using spiral computed tomography (CT). Canals were then obturated using the three materials. The percentages of obturation volume (POV) were estimated. Rotary and manual instrumentations were compared in terms of canal spaces before and after obturation. Three obturation materials were compared in terms of canal spaces after obturation (α=0.05). Results: Average POVs of materials were 96.54% (ZOE), 97.87% (Metapex), and 74.74% (nano-chitosan; P=0.000). POV of chitosan differed from the other two (P=0.000) but the other two were similar (P=0.896). Average POVs were 91.46% (manual) and 88.51% (rotary); the difference was not significant (P=0.322). Pre-obturation spaces of canals for different methods were 3.89 mm3 (manual) and 3.26 mm3 (rotary); the difference was significant (P=0.013). Two-way ANCOVA showed a significant effect of materials (P=0.000) but not root length (P=0.585) or shaping methods (P=0.362) on POVs. Conclusions: Nano-chitosan showed a considerable success rate but it still needs reformulation as it was weaker than the extremely successful commercial competitors. Rotary instrumentation can provide results similar to hand-filing in terms of POV although it might yield smaller canals.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Two Methods of Removing Zinc Oxide-eugenol Provisional Cement Residue from the Internal Surfaces of Cast Restorations

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramin Mosharraf ◽  
Bahram Soleimani ◽  
Mehdi Sanaee-Nasab
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Zinc Phosphate ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Ultrasonic Cleaning ◽  
Zinc Oxide Eugenol ◽  
Internal Surfaces ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Aim Remnants of provisional cement on the internal surface of cast restorations can have an adverse effect on the performance of the definitive luting agent. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of eugenolcontaining temporary cement removal by an ultrasonic or an organic solvent on the retentive strength of metallic rings cemented to amalgam cores using zinc phosphate cement. Methods and Materials A total of 36 cylindrical amalgam cores measuring 5.9×6 mm were made by condensing amalgam in brass molds for use in this in vitro study. Thirty-six cylindrical spaces measuring 6×6 mm were machined in the center of cast rods of Rexillium III alloy to create simulated retainers. The amalgam cores were divided into two groups and provisionally cemented in these cylindrical spaces (retainers) using zinc oxide–eugenol cement. After separation of the cores from the retainers, one group was cleaned with an ultrasonic cleaning device with water and the other group was cleaned with Solitine organic solvent. All specimens were then cemented with zinc phosphate cement and the samples were stored at 100% humidity in a 37°C water bath after which they were tested with a DARTEK testing machine at a 0.02 cm/minute cross head speed. The data were analyzed using the Independent t-test. Results The statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between the two groups (p<0.0005) with the ultrasonic group having significantly higher separation forces than the Solitine group. Conclusion Specimens treated with the ultrasonic cleaner showed a higher mean separation force (282.2 MPa) than the solvent group (439.5 MPa). Clinical Significance Despite the convenience of using an organic solvent for cleaning the internal surface of cast restorations, the ultrasonic cleaning method is more effective for removing zinc-oxide temporary cement. Citation Mosharraf R, Soleimani B, Sanaee-Nasab M. A Comparison of Two Methods of Removing Zinc Oxide-eugenol Provisional Cement Residue from the Internal Surfaces of Cast Restorations. J Contemp Dent Pract 2009 May; (10)3:027-034.

An in vitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Primary Root Canal Filling Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hegde Sapna ◽  
Lala Priti Kamlesh ◽  
B Dinesh Rao ◽  
AB Shubha
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Root Canal Filling ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Filling Materials ◽  
Zinc Oxide Eugenol

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate and compare six different materials commonly used for filling the root canals of primary teeth for antimicrobial efficacy against some of the microorganisms commonly found in infected root canals. Study design: In this experimental in vitro study six root canal filling materials were tested for antimicrobial efficacy against eight microbial strains using the agar diffusion method. Results: Zinc oxide eugenol paste exhibited the strongest antimicrobial potential followed by Endoflas™, zinc oxide-calcium hydroxide-sodium fluoride mixture, zinc oxide-calcium hydroxide mixture and calcium hydroxide paste (Apexcal™). The addition of sodium fluoride to the zinc oxide-calcium hydroxide mixture enhanced the antimicrobial efficacy. Metapex™ demonstrated minimal inhibition and Vaseline™ was non-inhibitory. Conclusions: All the test filling materials demonstrated varying antimicrobial activity against the microorganisms tested. Zinc oxide eugenol paste and materials containing zinc oxide were found to be more effective against the microorganisms compared to materials without zinc oxide.

In vivo and in vitro Effects of Zinc Oxide-Eugenol (ZOE) on Biosynthesis of Cyclo-oxygenase Products in Rat Dental Pulp

1988 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 1092-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hashimoto ◽  
K. Uchiyama ◽  
M. Maeda ◽  
K. Ishitsuka ◽  
K. Furumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Zinc Oxide Eugenol ◽  
In Vitro Effects ◽  
Artificial Cavity ◽  
In Vivo Effects ◽  
Made In

To determine the in vivo effects of a zinc oxide-eugenol mixture (ZOE) on the cyclo-oxygenase system in dental pulp, we used radioimmunoassay to measure the levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PG (DHK-PG), thromboxane B2 (TXB2), and 6-keto-PGF1α in the dental pulp of rats. When the dental pulp was irritated by a hole made in the dentin of the mandibular incisors without use of any coolants, the levels of these cyclo-oxygenase products in the pulp were increased to, respectively, 2.8, 1.7, 10.0, and 2.6 times those in the normal pulp at six hr after treatment. In contrast, these increases in cyclo-oxygenase products disappeared immediately when the artificial cavity in the dentin was filled with ZOE (P/L; 1 g/0.25 mL), but were not altered when the cavity was filled with zinc oxide-water (ZOW, 1 g/1.5 mL). Most of the eugenol portion of ZOE was released into the pulp within two hr after the cavity was filled with ZOE. The maximal eugenol content was 35 pmol per mg of pulp. Furthermore, when the cavity was filled either with ZOE or by the addition of 10 μmol/L eugenol to the pulp homogenate, biosynthesis of 14C-6-keto-PGF1α, PGF2α, and PGE 2 from 14C-arachidonic acid in the homogenate was inhibited. These results suggest that eugenol released from ZOE in the cavity prepared in the dentin inhibited the biosynthesis of cyclo-oxygenase products during pulp irritation.

scholarly journals Hierarchy of evidence in interpretation of clinical significance of drug interactions

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Bozana Nikolic ◽  
Miroslav Savic
Keyword(s):  
Drug Metabolism ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Molecular Entity ◽  
Population Pharmacokinetic ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽  
Potential Interactions

Introduction. Since drug interactions may result in serious adverse effects or failure of therapy, it is of huge importance that health professionals base their decisions about drug prescription, dispensing and administration on reliable research evidence, taking into account the hierarchy of data sources for evaluation. Clinical Significance of Potential Interactions - Information Sources. The sources of data regarding drug interactions are numerous, beginning with various drug reference books. However, they are far from uniformity in the way of choosing and presenting putative clinically relevant interactions. Clinical Significance of Potential Interactions - Interpretation of Information. The difficulties in interpretation of drug interactions are illustrated through the analysis of a published example involving assessment made by two different groups of health professionals. Systematic Evaluation of Drug-Drug Interaction. The potential for interactions is mainly investigated before marketing a drug. Generally, the in vitro, followed by in vivo studies are to be performed. The major metabolic pathways involved in the metabolism of a new molecular entity, as well as the potential of induction of human enzymes involved in drug metabolism are to be examined. In the field of interaction research it is possible to make use of the population pharmacokinetic studies as well as of the pharmacodynamic assessment, and also the postregistration monitoring of the reported adverse reactions and other literature data. Conclusion. In vitro and in vivo drug metabolism and transport studies should be conducted to elucidate the mechanisms and potential for drug-drug interactions. The assessment of their clinical significance should be based on well-defined and validated exposure-response data.

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