scholarly journals No Evidence That Substance Use Causes ADHD Symptoms in Adolescence

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aja Louise Murray ◽  
Manuel Eisner ◽  
Ingrid Obsuth ◽  
Denis Ribeaud
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
Substance Use Problems ◽  
The Social ◽  
Lagged Effects

There is a robust association between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and elevated substance use. Several plausible causal pathways from ADHD to substance use have been articulated and supported empirically. In this study, we tested the recent suggestion that substance use could also influence levels of ADHD symptoms. Using the three most recent waves of data from the Zurich Project on the Social Development of Children and Youth (z-proso), we found significant and strong cross-lagged effects of ADHD symptoms on substance use but no significant effects in the opposite direction. This suggests that individual differences in substance use are not related to increases in ADHD symptoms in adolescence. Adolescent-onset symptoms of ADHD are thus unlikely to be caused by substance use, and targeting substance use problems is unlikely to reduce ADHD symptoms.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults: Specific clinical and therapeutic issues

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (S2) ◽  
pp. S27-S28
Author(s):  
B. Rolland ◽  
D. Da Fonseca ◽  
M. Fatseas ◽  
N. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Addiction Medicine ◽  
Global Functioning ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was initially considered as a childhood psychiatric disorder. However, longitudinal observations have revealed that ADHD symptoms may persist in adulthood among approximately 50% of the patients . Adult ADHD is associated with impaired social outcome and frequent comorbidities such as mood disorders, personality disorders, and substance use disorders [2,3]. Correctly identifying and treating ADHD can significantly improve the global functioning and cognition of adult subjects, and reduce the intensity and frequency of the comorbid states [2,3]. Nonetheless, the clinical features of adult ADHD are clearly different from the youth form [1,2], and ADHD symptoms are easily mixed up in adults with symptoms of the comorbid conditions [2,3]. These clinical intricacies can make the diagnosis of ADHD difficult in adults. Moreover, the management of methylphenidate in adult subjects is also associated with specific risks and pitfalls, such as abuse and tampering behaviors, and additional safety risks . Put together, it appears crucial to identify and treat ADHD in adults, but the clinical and therapeutic complexities of adult ADHD require improved expertise and caution from adult psychiatrists and addiction specialists. In this thematic session of the 2015 French Psychiatry Congress, three French leading experts of adult ADHD will address the aforementioned clinical and therapeutic issues of the adulthood form of this disorder. David Da Fonseca, professor of child psychiatry in Marseille, will disentangle the clinical features of adult ADHD from the typical symptoms observed in the youth form. Mélina FATSEAS, associate professor of psychiatry and addiction medicine in Bordeaux, will specifically focus on the many and complex relationships observed between adult ADHD and substance use disorders. Last, Nicolas Simon, professor of addiction medicine and psychopharmacology in Marseille, will synthesize what are the very risks and issues with prescribing methylphenidate in adults.

Are attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms associated with a more severe course of substance use? A longitudinal study with young Swiss men

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S21-S21
Author(s):  
F. Moggi
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

IntroductionAdults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms show higher prevalence rates for substance use disorders (SUD).ObjectivesFew longitudinal studies have been conducted to observe the course of substance use among adults with ADHD.AimsThis study examined the predictive value of ADHD symptoms during the course of substance use in a population sample.MethodsIn two waves data from a representative sample of 5103 Swiss men in their early 20s were collected (baseline and 15-month follow-up) in the longitudinal “Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors” (C-SURF). ADHD symptoms and substance use were assessed using the adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-v1.1) and self-administered SUD questionnaires, respectively. Individuals who screened positive for ADHD (ADHD+) were compared to those who screened negative (ADHD−).ResultsAt baseline, the 215 individuals in the ADHD+ group (4.2%) showed considerably higher prevalence and frequency of substance use and prevalence of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use disorders relative to the ADHD− group. While alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and heroin use remained stable from baseline to follow-up, the ADHD+ group was more likely to begin using illicit drugs (i.e. amphetamines, speed, ecstasy, hallucinogens, and cocaine) and initiate nonmedical use of prescription drugs (i.e. stimulants/amphetamines, hypnotics, and tranquilizers) relative to the ADHD− group.ConclusionsYoung men with ADHD symptoms displayed more severe substance use patterns and were at a high risk of initiating drug use within 15 months. The identification of ADHD symptoms during early adulthood may be relevant in early interventions to lower the risk of drug use.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms, Comorbidities, Substance Use, and Social Outcomes among Men and Women in a Canadian Sample

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Vingilis ◽  
Patricia G. Erickson ◽  
Maggie E. Toplak ◽  
Nathan J. Kolla ◽  
Robert E. Mann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Antidepressant Medication ◽  
Social Outcomes ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Background.Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that can persist in adolescence and adulthood.Aim.To examine prevalence of ADHD symptoms and correlates in a representative sample of adults 18 years and older living in Ontario, Canada.Method.We used the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Monitor, an ongoing cross-sectional telephone survey, to examine the relationships between ADHD positive symptoms and comorbidities, substance use, medication use, social outcomes, and sociodemographics.Results.Of 4014 residents sampled in 2011-2012, 3.30% (2.75%–3.85%) screened positively for ADHD symptoms (women = 3.6%; men = 3.0%). For men, distress, antisocial symptoms, cocaine use, antianxiety medication use, antidepressant medication use, and criminal offence arrest were associated with positive ADHD screen. For women, distress, cocaine use, antianxiety medication use, antidepressant medication use, pain medication use, and motor vehicle collision in the past year were associated with positive ADHD screen.Conclusions.ADHD symptoms are associated with adverse medical and social outcomes that are in some cases gender specific.

Childhood risk factors for substance use disorders in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder subjects

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 89-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nogueira ◽  
R. Bosch ◽  
G. Palomar ◽  
M. Corrales ◽  
N. Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Childhood Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant

IntroductionCo-morbidity between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Substance Use Disorders (SUD) is considered to be about 25–50% in adults. Several studies show vulnerability factors to later SUD to be associated with childhood ADHD features, such as conduct problems, untreated ADHD and maltreatment.ObjectivesTo define childhood ADHD associated factors that predispose to SUD.Specifically, comorbidity with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD), temperamental traits, academic failure, familial SUD history, childhood maltreatment and subtype, severity and age of treatment of ADHD symptoms.MethodsA comparative study was carried out in a sample of ADHD adults from the Department of Psychiatry H.U. Vall d’Hebron. Both groups, ADHD and ADHD+SUD subjects underwent the following assessment protocol: Conners Adult ADHD Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV (CAADID-I & II), Wender Utath Rating Scale (WURS), SCID-I, SCID-II and K-SDAS.ResultsThe total sample (n = 305) consisted of 201 men (66%) with age between 18–61 years. Two groups were compared: 162 ADHD subjects and 143 ADHD+SUD subjects. The ADHD+SUD group had significantly higher rates of comorbidity with ODD and CD, temperamental traits (obstinacy, bad temper, impulsive behavior), maladaptive behaviors at school, familial SUD history, childhood maltreatment, and major severity of the childhood ADHD symptoms. Neither ADHD subtype nor the non-treatment of ADHD during childhood were associated with later SUD.ConclusionsAn important percentage of ADHD children develop a SUD during their lifespan. This study shows that there are childhood factors that are strongly associated with SUD in ADHD subjects.

Epilepsi dan Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) pada Anak

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Riki Sukiandra
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Seizure Threshold ◽  
Childhood Epilepsy ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Neurologic Disturbance ◽  
Inattentive Type ◽  
Child Age

Attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with childhood epilepsy. Epilepsy are themost common neurologic disturbance in child age. Children with epilepsy tend to get one or more ADHD symptoms,its related to lack of norepinephrine neurotransmitter in brain, that cause attenuate the effect of GABA and disruptionto fronto-striatal brain networks, these same brain networks are disrupted by seizures or the structural brainabnormalities that can cause seizures. Children with epilepsy especially absance, tend to get inattentive type ofADHD more than other types. Abnormalities of electro-encephalography found in inattentive type of ADHD withhigh focus activities in all lobe area. No data published that methylphenidate can lower seizure threshold or act asproconvulsant. Children with epilepsy tend to get one or more symptoms of ADHD in the following days.

The Impact of Copper in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-283
Author(s):  
Mihail Silviu Tudosie ◽  
Elena Truta ◽  
Ana Maria Davitoiu ◽  
Luminita Stanciulescu ◽  
George Jinescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Copper Concentration ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Health State ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Impact

During one year (september 2013 � september 2014), 50 children from the residential institution for children SOS Satele Copiilor Bucharest, where included in our research. The children were distributed in two groups: Group A which consisted of 25 children (12 girls, 13 boys) who were not diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Group B which consisted of 25 children (14 boys, 11 girls) who were diagnosed with ADHD. Initially, the two groups were subjected at a psycho-diagnostic battery of tests, one of them being the Evaluating the Health State of children with ADHD questionnaire elaborated by us, particularly for this research, with the purpose of highlighting the direct link between the children health state and their ADHD symptoms. This study sought to determine the concentration of copper in urine samples from a group of children with ADHD and a group of normal children, to highlight the role of copper in the development of ADHD symptoms. Levels of copper concentration in urine samples from the two groups were processed by Student�s t-Test. Statistical analysis showed that the arithmetic averages of copper concentration in urine samples, of the two groups do not differ significantly, so copper may be causing ADHD symptoms occur. The copper content in urine samples has been determined using atomic absorption spectrometry with graphite furnace.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Autism Spectrum Disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 158-176
Author(s):  
Karen Bearss ◽  
Aaron J. Kaat
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Delayed Recognition

This chapter will review the available evidence on individuals with co-occurring diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This chapter contends that children diagnosed with both disorders (ASD+ADHD) are a subset of the ASD population that is at risk for delayed recognition of their ASD diagnosis, poor treatment response, and poorer functional outcomes compared to those with ASD without ADHD. Specifically, the chapter highlights the best estimates of the prevalence of the comorbidity, the developmental trajectory of people with co-occurring ASD and ADHD, how ADHD symptoms change across development, overlapping genetic and neurobiological risk factors, psychometrics of ADHD diagnostic instruments in an ASD population, neuropsychological and functional impairments associated with co-occurring ASD and ADHD, and the current state of evidence-based treatment for both ASD and ADHD symptoms. Finally, the chapter discusses fruitful avenues of research for improving understanding of this high-risk comorbidity so that mechanism-to-treatment pathways for ADHD in children with ASD can be better developed.

scholarly journals Does Cannabis, Cocaine and Alcohol Use Impact Differently on Adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Clinical Picture?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1481
Author(s):  
Vincenza Spera ◽  
Alessandro Pallucchini ◽  
Marco Carli ◽  
Marco Maiello ◽  
Angelo G. I. Maremmani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
General Psychopathology ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
Dual Disorder ◽  
Adhd Subtype

While the association between adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (A-ADHD) and Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) has been widely explored, less attention has been dedicated to the various substance use variants. In a previous paper, we identified two variants: type 1 (use of stimulants/alcohol) and type 2 (use of cannabinoids). In this study, we compared demographic, clinical and symptomatologic features between Dual Disorder A-ADHD (DD/A-ADHD) patients according to our substance use typology, and A-ADHD without DD (NDD/A-ADHD) ones. NDD patients were more frequently diagnosed as belonging to inattentive ADHD subtype compared with type 1 DD/A-ADHD patients, but not with respect to type 2 DD/ADHD. NDD/A-ADHD patients showed less severe symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity than DD/A-ADHD type 1, but not type 2. Type 1 and type 2 patients shared the feature of displaying higher impulsiveness than NDD/A-ADHD ones. General psychopathology scores were more severe in type 2 DD/ADHD patients, whereas type 1 patients showed greater similarity to NDD/A-ADHD. Legal problems were more strongly represented in type 1 than in type 2 patients or NDD/A-ADHD ones. Our results suggest that type 1 and type 2 substance use differ in their effects on A-ADHD patients—an outcome that brings with it different likely implications in dealing with the diagnostic and therapeutic processes.

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