Unstructured Socializing With Peers and Risk of Substance Use: Where Does the Risk Begin?

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Charles Meldrum ◽  
Anna Leimberg
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Minimum Threshold ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Unstructured Socializing

Research finds that unstructured socializing with peers is positively associated with substance use, but important issues remain underexamined. Specifically, does the risk of substance use resulting from time spent engaged in unstructured socializing with peers begin immediately, or is a certain minimum threshold of time spent with peers required? To investigate this, data were collected on a statewide sample of adolescents from Florida. Results indicate the minimum required amount of time spent engaging in unstructured socializing with peers to pose a risk of alcohol or marijuana use is 3 to 5 hr per week. For tobacco use outcomes, the minimum number of hours required to pose a risk is higher, particularly for cigarette use, where risk begins at more than 20 hr per week. Supplementary analyses indicate that for alcohol and marijuana use there is a decelerating risk stemming from additional hours spent engaging in unstructured socializing with peers.

scholarly journals Polytobacco use among a nationally-representative sample of black high school students

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamika D. Gilreath ◽  
Derek T. Dangerfield ◽  
Francisco A. Montiel Ishino ◽  
Ashley V. Hill ◽  
Renee M. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Black Adolescents ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Chewing Tobacco ◽  
Targeted Interventions

Abstract Background Studies of the patterns of polytobacco use have increased. However, understanding the patterns of using multiple tobacco products among Black adolescents is minimal. This study identified the patterns of polytobacco use among U.S. Black adolescents. Methods Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify patterns of adolescent polytobacco use among a representative sample of Black youth from the 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (n = 2782). Ever and recent (past 30 day) use of cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, cigars, and dip or chewing tobacco were used as latent class indicators. Multinomial regression was conducted to identify the association if smoking adjusting for sex, age, grade, and marijuana use. Results Most students were in the 9th grade (29%), e-cigarette users (21%) and were current marijuana users (25%). Three profiles of tobacco use were identified: Class 1: Non-smokers (81%), Class 2: E-cigarette Users (14%), and Class 3: Polytobacco Users (5%). Black adolescent Polytobacco users were the smallest class, but had the highest conditional probabilities of recent cigarette use, e-cigarette use, ever smoking cigars or chewing tobacco. Ever and current use of marijuana were associated with increased odds of being in the e-cigarette user versus non-smoker group, and current marijuana use was associated with increased odds of polytobacco use (aOR = 24.61, CI = 6.95–87.11). Conclusions Findings suggests the need for targeted interventions for reducing tobacco use and examining the unique effects of polytobacco use on Black adolescents. Findings confirm a significant association of marijuana use with tobacco use.

scholarly journals Polytobacco Use Among a Nationally-Representative Sample of Black Adolescents 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamika D. Gilreath ◽  
Derek T. Dangerfield ◽  
Francisco A. Montiel Ishino ◽  
Ashley V. Hill ◽  
Renee M. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Black Adolescents ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Chewing Tobacco ◽  
Targeted Interventions

Abstract Introduction. Studies of the patterns of polytobacco use have increased. However, understanding the patterns of using multiple tobacco products among Black adolescents is minimal. This study identified the patterns of polytobacco use among U.S. Black adolescents. Methods. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify patterns of adolescent polytobacco use among a representative sample of Black youth from the 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (n=2,782). Ever and recent (past 30 day) use of cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, cigars, and dip or chewing tobacco were used as latent class indicators. Multinomial regression was conducted to identify the association if smoking adjusting for sex, age, grade, and marijuana use.Results. Most students were in the 9th grade (29%), e-cigarette users (21%) and were current marijuana users (25%). Three profiles of tobacco use were identified: Class 1: Non-smokers (81%), Class 2: E-cigarette Users (14%), and Class 3: Polytobacco Users (5%). Black adolescent Polytobacco users were the smallest class, but had the highest conditional probabilities of recent cigarette use, e-cigarette use, ever smoking cigars or chewing tobacco. Ever and current use of marijuana were associated with increased odds of being in the e-cigarette user versus non-smoker group, and current marijuana use was associated with increased odds of polytobacco use (aOR=24.61, CI=6.95-87.11). Conclusions. Findings suggests the need for targeted interventions for reducing tobacco use and examining the unique effects of polytobacco use on Black adolescents. Findings confirm a significant association of marijuana use with tobacco use.

scholarly journals Nurturant-involved parenting and adolescent substance use: Examining an internalizing pathway through adolescent social anxiety symptoms and substance refusal efficacy

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget B. Weymouth ◽  
Gregory M. Fosco ◽  
Mark E. Feinberg
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Alternative Pathway ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Adolescent Substance Use ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Adolescent Substance

AbstractResearch has clearly established the important role of parents in preventing substance use among early adolescents. Much of this work has focused on deviance (e.g., antisocial behavior, delinquency, and oppositional behavior) as a central pathway linking parenting behaviors and early adolescent substance use. This study proposed an alternative pathway; using a four-wave longitudinal design, we examined whether nurturant-involved parenting (Fall sixth grade) was inversely associated with adolescent drunkenness, marijuana use, and cigarette use (eighth grade) through social anxiety symptoms (Spring sixth grade) and subsequent decreases in substance refusal efficacy (seventh grade). Nurturant-involved parenting is characterized by warmth, supportiveness, low hostility, and low rejection. Analyses were conducted with a sample of 687 two-parent families. Results indicated that adolescents who were in families where fathers exhibited lower levels of nurturant-involved parenting experienced subsequent increases in social anxiety symptoms and decreased efficacy to refuse substances, which in turn was related to more frequent drunkenness, cigarette use, and marijuana use. Indirect effects are discussed. Findings were not substantiated for mothers’ parenting. Adolescent gender did not moderate associations. The results highlight an additional pathway through which parenting influences youth substance use and links social anxiety symptoms to reduced substance refusal efficacy.

scholarly journals Tobacco Use Trajectories in Young Adults: Analyses of Predictors Across Systems Levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 2075-2084
Author(s):  
Carla J Berg ◽  
Regine Haardörfer ◽  
Angela Lanier ◽  
Donyale Childs ◽  
Bruce Foster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Adult College Students ◽  
College Type

Abstract Introduction Research is needed to examine trajectories of tobacco use beyond cigarette smoking, particularly during emerging middle young adulthood, and to identify distinct multilevel influences of use trajectories. Aims and Methods We examined (1) tobacco use trajectories over a 2-year period among 2592 young adult college students in a longitudinal cohort study and (2) predictors of these trajectories using variables from a socioecological framework, including intrapersonal-level factors (eg, sociodemographics, psychosocial factors [eg, adverse childhood experiences, depressive symptoms, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms], early-onset substance use), interpersonal factors (eg, social support, parental substance use), and community-level factors (eg, college type, rural vs. urban). Results About 64.5% were female and 65.0% were white. From age 18 to 26, 27%–31% of participants reported past 30-day use of any tobacco product. We identified four trajectory classes: Abstainers/Dabblers who never or infrequently used (89.2%); Adult users who began using frequently around age 20 and continued thereafter (5.9%); College Smokers who began using before 19 but ceased use around 25 (2.5%); and Teenage users who used during their teenage years but ceased use by 22 (1.9%). Multinomial regression showed that, compared to Abstainers/Dabblers, significant predictors (p < .05) of being (1) Adult users included being male, earlier onset marijuana use, attending public universities or technical colleges (vs. private universities), and living in urban areas; (2) College users included being male, earlier onset marijuana use, and parental alcohol or marijuana use; and (3) Teenage users included only earlier onset marijuana use. Conclusion Distinct prevention and intervention efforts may be needed to address the trajectories identified. Implications Among young adult college students, the largest proportion of tobacco users demonstrate the risk of continued and/or progression of tobacco use beyond college. In addition, specific factors, particularly sex, earlier onset marijuana use, parental use of alcohol and marijuana, and contextual factors such as college setting (type of school, rural vs. urban) may influence tobacco use outcomes. As such, prevention and cessation intervention strategies are needed to address multilevel influences.

scholarly journals Polytobacco Use Among a Nationally-Representative Sample of Black High School Students

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamika D. Gilreath ◽  
Derek T. Dangerfield ◽  
Francisco A. Montiel Ishino ◽  
Ashley V. Hill ◽  
Renee M. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Black Adolescents ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Chewing Tobacco ◽  
Targeted Interventions

Abstract Introduction. Studies of the patterns of polytobacco use have increased. However, understanding the patterns of using multiple tobacco products among Black adolescents is minimal. This study identified the patterns of polytobacco use among U.S. Black adolescents. Methods. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify patterns of adolescent polytobacco use among a representative sample of Black youth from the 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (n = 2,782). Ever and recent (past 30 day) use of cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, cigars, and dip or chewing tobacco were used as latent class indicators. Multinomial regression was conducted to identify the association if smoking adjusting for age, grade, and marijuana use. Results. Most students were in the 9th grade (29%), e-cigarette users (21%) and were current marijuana users (25%). Three profiles of tobacco use were identified: Class 1: Non-smokers (81%), Class 2: E-cigarette Users (14%), and Class 3: Polytobacco Users (5%). Black adolescent Polytobacco users were the smallest class, but had the highest conditional probabilities of recent cigarette use, e-cigarette use, ever smoking cigars or chewing tobacco. Ever and current use of marijuana were associated with increased odds of being in the e-cigarette user versus non-smoker group, and current marijuana use was associated with increased odds of polytobacco use (aOR = 24.61, CI = 6.95–87.11). Conclusions. Findings suggests the need for targeted interventions for reducing tobacco use and examining the unique effects of polytobacco use on Black adolescents. Findings confirm a significant association of marijuana use with tobacco use.

Peer Victimization, Depressive Symptoms, and Substance Use: A Longitudinal Analysis

2018 ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Valerie A. Earnshaw ◽  
Marc N. Elliott ◽  
Sari L. Reisner ◽  
Sylvie Mrug ◽  
Michael Windle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Peer Victimization ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Fifth Grade ◽  
Seventh Grade ◽  
Tenth Grade

BACKGROUND Peer victimization is common among youth and associated with substance use. Yet, few studies have examined these associations longitudinally or the psychological processes whereby peer victimization leads to substance use. The current study examined whether peer victimization in early adolescence is associated with alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco use in mid- to late adolescence, as well as the role of depressive symptoms in these associations. METHODS Longitudinal data were collected between 2004 and 2011 from 4297 youth in Birmingham, Alabama; Houston, Texas; and Los Angeles County, California. Data were analyzed by using structural equation modeling. RESULTS The hypothesized model fit the data well (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation [RMSEA] = 0.02; Comparative Fit Index [CFI] = 0.95). More frequent experiences of peer victimization in the fifth grade were associated with greater depressive symptoms in the seventh grade (B[SE] = 0.03[0.01]; P < .001), which, in turn, were associated with a greater likelihood of alcohol use (B[SE] = 0.03[0.01]; P = .003), marijuana use (B[SE] = 0.05[0.01]; P < .001), and tobacco use (B[SE] = 0.05[0.01]; P < .001) in the tenth grade. Moreover, fifth-grade peer victimization was indirectly associated with tenth-grade substance use via the mediator of seventh-grade depressive symptoms, including alcohol use (B[SE] = 0.01[0.01]; P = .006), marijuana use (B[SE] = 0.01[0.01]; P < .001), and tobacco use (B[SE] = 0.02[0.01]; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Youth who experienced more frequent peer victimization in the fifth grade were more likely to use substances in the tenth grade, showing that experiences of peer victimization in early adolescence may have a lasting impact by affecting substance use behaviors during mid- to late adolescence. Interventions are needed to reduce peer victimization among youth and to support youth who have experienced victimization.

Sex Differences in Childhood Bullying Victimization and Trajectories of Substance Use From Adolescence to Adulthood

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J. Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Bullying Victimization ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Growth Curve Models ◽  
Developmental Growth ◽  
Males And Females

Recent research has found that repeated bullying victimization increases the risk of developing several unhealthy habits later in life including periodic substance use. Comparatively less research, however, has examined whether the association between bullying victimization and developmental growth in substance use is different for males and females. The present study addressed this gap in the literature by analyzing data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997. Results from a series of sex-specific latent growth curve models reveal that bullied males experience faster increases in cigarette and marijuana use from adolescence to young adulthood compared to non-bullied males, while bullied females experience faster increases in cigarette use compared to non-bullied females. Bullied males also experience slower declines in cigarette and marijuana use from adolescence to middle adulthood, while bullied females experience slower declines in alcohol and cigarette use. Implications of these findings for research on sex differences in bullying victimization and developmental patterns of substance use are discussed.

Smokeless Tobacco Use among Adolescents: Demographic Differences, other Substance Use, and Psychological Correlates

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. McCarthy ◽  
Michael D. Newcomb ◽  
Ebrahim Maddahian ◽  
Rodney Skager
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Parental Attitudes ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Use

Survey data on smokeless tobacco and other substance use were obtained from 2,926 seventh, ninth, and eleventh graders in Ventura County, California public schools. Patterns of smokeless tobacco use were examined relative to other drug use, particularly cigarette smoking. Few females used smokeless tobacco regularly, as compared to 4.7 percent of the males. The data supported the view that the recent increases in smokeless tobacco use were related to male tobacco users' belief that smokeless tobacco was less harmful to physical health than cigarette smoking. A Guttman scalogram analysis showed that tobacco use, either cigarette smoking or smokeless tobacco use, occurred after marijuana use rather than before. Perceived parental attitudes toward marijuana use predicted both cigarette smoking and use of smokeless tobacco, whereas perceived parental attitudes toward alcohol use was only related to use of cigarettes. Quality of life measures were inversely related to both cigarette smoking and smokeless tobacco use, but mood state measures predicted only cigarette smoking. Implications of the results for a historical hydraulic model of aggregate drug use are discussed with recommendations for improved approaches to the prevention of drug abuse.

Motivational Models of Substance Use

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lynne Cooper ◽  
Emmanuel Kuntsche ◽  
Ash Levitt ◽  
Lindsay L. Barber ◽  
Scott Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Common Pathway ◽  
Patterns Of Use ◽  
Feeling States ◽  
Motivational Model

This chapter uses Cox and Klinger’s motivational model of alcohol use as a framework for reviewing research on motives for using alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco. Results of this review provide strong support for key premises underpinning this model in the alcohol literature, including that people drink alcohol to manage internal feeling states and to obtain valued social outcomes. Importantly, these motives may provide a final common pathway to alcohol use through which the influences of more distal variables are mediated. The research literature on motives for marijuana use revealed important similarities in the nature of motives underlying use and in the unique patterns of use and use-related consequences associated with specific motives. Research on tobacco use motives showed few similarities, with tobacco use being more habitual, automatic, and largely motivated by withdrawal cues, at least among more experienced and dependent users.

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