Sex Differences in Childhood Bullying Victimization and Trajectories of Substance Use From Adolescence to Adulthood

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J. Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Bullying Victimization ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Growth Curve Models ◽  
Developmental Growth ◽  
Males And Females

Recent research has found that repeated bullying victimization increases the risk of developing several unhealthy habits later in life including periodic substance use. Comparatively less research, however, has examined whether the association between bullying victimization and developmental growth in substance use is different for males and females. The present study addressed this gap in the literature by analyzing data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997. Results from a series of sex-specific latent growth curve models reveal that bullied males experience faster increases in cigarette and marijuana use from adolescence to young adulthood compared to non-bullied males, while bullied females experience faster increases in cigarette use compared to non-bullied females. Bullied males also experience slower declines in cigarette and marijuana use from adolescence to middle adulthood, while bullied females experience slower declines in alcohol and cigarette use. Implications of these findings for research on sex differences in bullying victimization and developmental patterns of substance use are discussed.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Substance Use Disorders: A Neurobiological Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Cornish ◽  
Asheeta A. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Neural Structure ◽  
Patterns Of Use ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Advance Knowledge

Clinical studies provide fundamental knowledge of substance use behaviors (substance of abuse, patterns of use, relapse rates). The combination of neuroimaging approaches reveal correlation between substance use disorder (SUD) and changes in neural structure, function, and neurotransmission. Here, we review these advances, placing special emphasis on sex specific findings from structural neuroimaging studies of those dependent on alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, psychostimulants, or opioids. Recent clinical studies in SUD analyzing sex differences reveal neurobiological changes that are differentially impacted in common reward processing regions such as the striatum, hippocampus, amygdala, insula, and corpus collosum. We reflect on the contribution of sex hormones, period of drug use and abstinence, and the potential impact of these factors on the interpretation of the reported findings. With the overall recognition that SUD impacts the brains of females and males differentially, it is of fundamental importance that future research is designed with sex as a variable of study in this field. Improved understanding of neurobiological changes in males and females in SUD will advance knowledge underlying sex-specific susceptibility and the neurobiological impact in these disorders. Together these findings will inform future treatments that are tailor designed for improved efficacy in females and males with SUD.

scholarly journals Differential changes in impulsivity and sensation seeking and the escalation of substance use from adolescence to early adulthood

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick D. Quinn ◽  
K. Paige Harden
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Growth Curve Models ◽  
Latent Growth Curve Models ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Personality Facets ◽  
Offspring Generation

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that impulsivity and sensation seeking are not stable risk factors for substance use among adolescents and early adults but rather that they undergo significant developmental maturation and change. Further, developmental trends of both personality facets may vary across individuals. In the current investigation, we used longitudinal data from ages 15 to 26 on 5,632 individuals drawn from the offspring generation of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to examine whether interindividual differences in intraindividual change in impulsivity and sensation seeking predicted the escalation of alcohol, marijuana, and cigarette use in adolescence and early adulthood. Latent growth curve models revealed significant individual differences in rates of change in both personality and substance use. Age-related changes in personality were positively associated with individual differences in substance-use change. Individuals who declined more slowly in impulsivity increased in alcohol, marijuana, and cigarette more rapidly, whereas individuals who declined more slowly in sensation seeking increased more rapidly in alcohol use only. Although risk for substance use across the population may peak during adolescence and early adulthood, this risk may be highest among those who decline more gradually in impulsivity.

scholarly journals Nurturant-involved parenting and adolescent substance use: Examining an internalizing pathway through adolescent social anxiety symptoms and substance refusal efficacy

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget B. Weymouth ◽  
Gregory M. Fosco ◽  
Mark E. Feinberg
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Alternative Pathway ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Adolescent Substance Use ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Adolescent Substance

AbstractResearch has clearly established the important role of parents in preventing substance use among early adolescents. Much of this work has focused on deviance (e.g., antisocial behavior, delinquency, and oppositional behavior) as a central pathway linking parenting behaviors and early adolescent substance use. This study proposed an alternative pathway; using a four-wave longitudinal design, we examined whether nurturant-involved parenting (Fall sixth grade) was inversely associated with adolescent drunkenness, marijuana use, and cigarette use (eighth grade) through social anxiety symptoms (Spring sixth grade) and subsequent decreases in substance refusal efficacy (seventh grade). Nurturant-involved parenting is characterized by warmth, supportiveness, low hostility, and low rejection. Analyses were conducted with a sample of 687 two-parent families. Results indicated that adolescents who were in families where fathers exhibited lower levels of nurturant-involved parenting experienced subsequent increases in social anxiety symptoms and decreased efficacy to refuse substances, which in turn was related to more frequent drunkenness, cigarette use, and marijuana use. Indirect effects are discussed. Findings were not substantiated for mothers’ parenting. Adolescent gender did not moderate associations. The results highlight an additional pathway through which parenting influences youth substance use and links social anxiety symptoms to reduced substance refusal efficacy.

Unstructured Socializing With Peers and Risk of Substance Use: Where Does the Risk Begin?

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Charles Meldrum ◽  
Anna Leimberg
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Minimum Threshold ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Unstructured Socializing

Research finds that unstructured socializing with peers is positively associated with substance use, but important issues remain underexamined. Specifically, does the risk of substance use resulting from time spent engaged in unstructured socializing with peers begin immediately, or is a certain minimum threshold of time spent with peers required? To investigate this, data were collected on a statewide sample of adolescents from Florida. Results indicate the minimum required amount of time spent engaging in unstructured socializing with peers to pose a risk of alcohol or marijuana use is 3 to 5 hr per week. For tobacco use outcomes, the minimum number of hours required to pose a risk is higher, particularly for cigarette use, where risk begins at more than 20 hr per week. Supplementary analyses indicate that for alcohol and marijuana use there is a decelerating risk stemming from additional hours spent engaging in unstructured socializing with peers.

scholarly journals Testing for Sex Differences in the Nomological Network of the Triarchic Model of Psychopathy in Incarcerated Individuals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Sica ◽  
Emily R. Perkins ◽  
Keanan J. Joyner ◽  
Corrado Caudek ◽  
Gioia Bottesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Nomological Network ◽  
Substance Use Problems ◽  
Behavioral Variables ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Triarchic Model

AbstractThe triarchic model of psychopathy conceptualizes variants of this clinical condition as expressions of three distinct biobehavioral dispositions, termed boldness, meanness, and disinhibition. As a trait-oriented model, the triarchic model situates psychopathy within a broader nomological network of personality and psychopathology, and has proven useful for characterizing how psychopathy relates to variables in these domains as well as to biological and behavioral variables. The current study was the first to examine sex differences in the external correlates of psychopathic traits as described by the triarchic model in a prison sample. Results were generally consistent with hypotheses: The triarchic traits related to measures of personality and psychopathology in patterns that were largely consistent across sex, but with some notable differences between males and females, in the correlates of disinhibition in particular. These included stronger associations for disinhibition with substance use problems, self-harm, and staff ratings of prison misbehavior among females compared to males. Findings from this study support the value of the triarchic model for understanding similarities and differences in the nomological network of psychopathy in incarcerated males and females.

Child Maltreatment and Substance Use: A Behavior Genetic Analysis

2022 ◽  
pp. 107755952110642
Author(s):  
Andia M. Azimi ◽  
Eric J. Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Child maltreatment is a pervasive social problem often perpetuated by family members and is related to a wide array of negative life outcomes. Although substance use is an outcome commonly associated with experiences of child maltreatment, not all individuals who experience maltreatment struggle with such issues. Many individuals can positively adapt to experiences of maltreatment based on levels of resilience and susceptibility. Research suggests that genetic differences may partly explain why negative outcomes develop for some, but not for others. Few studies have examined the extent to which genetic and environmental factors influence the longitudinal association between child maltreatment and varying forms of substance use, leaving a fundamental gap in our current understanding of this association. The current study aims to address this gap by analyzing a sample of twins from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). Findings from a series of univariate and bivariate biometric models reveal that the longitudinal associations between maltreatment, cigarette use, and marijuana use are accounted for by additive genetic and nonshared environmental factors. Moreover, the magnitude of the contribution varies across unique subgroups of cigarette and marijuana use. Directions for future research and theoretical implications are discussed.

Changes in Substance use during the Transition to Adulthood: A Comparison of College Students and Their Noncollege Age Peers

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene R. White ◽  
Erich W. Labouvie ◽  
Vasiliki Papadaratsakis
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
High School ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Prospective Data

This study examines transitions in alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use and alcohol- and marijuana-related problems from late adolescence through young adulthood. Men and women who attend college are compared to their peers who do not to determine if the situational/socialization effects of college are unique during this developmental period. Prospective data from a community sample were collected at ages 18, 21, and 30 years. ANOVAs revealed that 18 year olds who transition out of high school, regardless of college status, reported higher levels of substance use than their peers who were still in high school. In addition, nonstudents compared to college students reported higher levels of cigarette and marijuana use in adolescence, emerging adulthood, and young adulthood and higher levels of alcohol- and marijuana-related problems in adolescence and young adulthood. Latent growth curve analyses revealed that college status was related to lower levels of alcohol and marijuana problems at age 18, greater increases from ages 18 to 21, and greater decreases from ages 21 to 30 even after controlling for level and growth in use. Overall, the findings suggest that nonstudents may be a more important target group than college students for drug use prevention efforts during emerging adulthood.

scholarly journals Cigarette, E-cigarette, Alcohol, and Marijuana Use by Cancer Diagnosis Status: A Longitudinal Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117822182098047
Author(s):  
Sunday Azagba ◽  
Lingpeng Shan ◽  
Lauren Manzione
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Substance Use Prevention ◽  
Cancer History

Background: Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. Lifestyle choices such as substance abuse can impact a survivor’s health and overall quality of life. Methods: We used longitudinal data from the Wave 1-3 Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health data to examine sociodemographic characteristics and substance use behaviors (current cigarette, e-cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use) by cancer diagnosis status. A generalized estimating equation model was used to examine the population-averaged effects of sociodemographic factors on substance use. Results: Among 1527 participants diagnosed with cancer, 14.5% used cigarettes, 3.8% used e-cigarettes, 49.1% used alcohol, and 4.2% used marijuana in the prior 30 days in Wave 1. While the prevalence of cigarette use among those with no cancer history decreased significantly between Wave 1 (21.9%) and Wave 3 (20.2%), it increased significantly among participants diagnosed with cancer from 14.5% to 16.0%. E-cigarette use decreased for both groups, whereas alcohol and marijuana use increased. Results showed that substance use among people diagnosed with cancer significantly varied by sociodemographic characteristics. Age, sex, race-ethnicity, education, income, and region of residence were significantly associated with substance use among patients diagnosed with cancer. Conclusion: Overall, substance use is lower among participants diagnosed with cancer than those with no cancer history. Substance use varies by sociodemographic characteristics among people diagnosed with cancer. More focus on substance use prevention among patients diagnosed with cancer could be beneficial in terms of improving the overall well-being of this population.

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