Crack Abusers and Noncrack Abusers: Profiles of Drug Use, Drug Sales and Nondrug Criminality

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce D. Johnson ◽  
Mangai Natarajan ◽  
Eloise Dunlap ◽  
Elsayed Elmoghazy

Based on more than one thousand interviews with drug abusers in 1988 and 1989, the drug use patterns, selling behavior, and other crimes (robbery, burglary theft, etc.) of crack abusers are compared with those of heroin injectors, cocaine snorters, marijuana-only users, and nondrug users. Several striking differences in the frequency of crack use and dealing emerge among the various drug user types. Crack abusers were found to be using drugs at high rates and were receiving high incomes from drug sales and nondrug criminality. Among crack abusers, crack use greatly exceeded the cost and frequency of use of other specific drugs, which they were also consuming. For all user subgroups, crack selling was the most frequent crime and generated the largest cash income. Important patterns of polydrug use were found among most drug user groups. These findings have important implications for policies directed toward drug abusers.

1973 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. Sadava

A repeated-measures study over a Canadian academic year (6 mo.) examined personal and social predictors of patterns of college freshman drug use among 151 users. Frequency of use, stage of use, and self-reported significant adverse consequences of use were predicted by high social support for use, low expectations for goal attainment, high personal functions of use, and high attitudinal tolerance of use. Changes in personal and social variables over an academic year were related to heavy use patterns. The predictive power was increased by combining personal and social variables in a multivariate field theory.


2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
TRACY BESWICK ◽  
DAVID BEST ◽  
SIAN REES ◽  
ROSS COOMBER ◽  
MICHAEL GOSSOP ◽  
...  

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. McCombs ◽  
Michael B. Nichol ◽  
Bryan M. Johnstone ◽  
Glen L. Stimmel ◽  
Jinhai Shi ◽  
...  

2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy Beswick ◽  
David Best ◽  
Sian Rees ◽  
Ross Coomber ◽  
Michael Gossop ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
pp. 003288552110603
Author(s):  
Thomas Wojciechowski

Drug dealers may be at increased risk for drug use. However, there is a dearth of research focused on how these relationships develop across time. Group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) was used to assess heterogeneity in the development of drug dealing behavior. Line graphs modeling the average frequency of use of drugs across time based on trajectory membership described drug use patterns. T-tests were used to test for significant differences between drug use patterns. Results indicated that a four-group model of drug dealing best fit the data. Changes in each type of drug use corresponded strongly with changes in drug dealing behaviors.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianyong Chen ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Jifan Zhou ◽  
Xinyu Li ◽  
Feng Zhang ◽  
...  

Implicit and explicit self-identification as a drug user specific to the substance used (e.g., viewing oneself as a drinker) have been examined, as they relate to that drug use. However, studies have rarely explored whether identifying as a “drug user” differs implicitly and explicitly for people who use different drugs and how this identification relates to drug-use behaviors or abstinence. This study examined implicit and explicit self-identification as a “drug user” and their associations with drug-use behaviors and abstinence in people who used heroin (PWUH) and people who used methamphetamine (PWUM). Forty PWUH and 35 PWUM in a rehabilitation facility completed the single category implicit association test (SC-IAT), which evaluated implicit associations of a “drug user” with “self,” and a measure of explicit self-identification as a “drug user.” Prior drug-use behaviors and current abstinence duration of the participants were assessed. PWUH demonstrated stronger implicit “self + drug user” associations and higher levels of explicit self-identification as a “drug user” than PWUM. A higher frequency of drug use was associated with higher levels of explicit drug-user self-identity, and longer abstinence duration was positively related to stronger implicit “self + drug user” associations in PWUH. The drug type of heroin (vs. methamphetamine) participants used was associated with a higher frequency of use, which, in turn, predicted higher levels of explicit drug-user self-identity. Given that the PWUH group differs from the PWUM group in terms of implicit and explicit self-identification as “drug users,” it would be more appropriate to address drug-user self-identity of individuals according to the substance they use rather than as a collective group.


1971 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Emil J. Drysdale

This article describes the recent dramatic change in the drug-using population. While the drug user was formerly confined to a small segment of our society, he may now be from any level, any group. The range of drugs now used is also discussed, and emphasis is placed on the increasingly young age at which drug use is beginning. After giving a brief background of New York State's narcotics program, the article describes the new directions the program is taking, particularly in regard to youthful drug abuse, one of its top priorities. Local communities are advised on development of programs which will be appropriate to their needs, and outlines two publications for communities wishing to develop programs for youthful drug abusers. Emphasis is placed on the need for total involvement among local and state agencies if effective programming is to be developed and carried out.


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