Measures of Manifest Conflict in Distribution Channels

1981 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Brown ◽  
Ralph L. Day
Keyword(s):  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Channel Conflict ◽  
Multiple Item ◽  
Automobile Dealers ◽  
Frequency Intensity

Manifest channel conflict is operationalized in terms of the frequency and intensity of disagreements between channel members and the importance of the issues about which they disagree. Six different multiple-item unidimensional measures including from one to all three of these components are evaluated with respect to reliability and validity with a sample of automobile dealers. The measure combining frequency, intensity, and importance multiplicatively is judged superior to the others.

Reliability and Validity of Questions About Exercise in the Canadian Study of Health and Aging

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (S1) ◽  
pp. 177-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather S. Davis ◽  
Kathleen MacPherson ◽  
Heather R. Merry ◽  
Carolyn Wentzel ◽  
Kenneth Rockwood
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Canadian Study ◽  
Exercise Frequency ◽  
Important Relationship ◽  
Intraclass Correlations ◽  
Frequency Intensity

Regular exercise in elderly people has beneficial health effects. We examined exercise frequency and intensity from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging Risk Factor Questionnaire (RFQ). The reliability and validity of these two questions individually, and when combined to form a scale, are reported. Agreement between the self-administered RFQ and an interviewer-administered Add-on Study was examined using intraclass correlations, which were 0.80 for frequency (95% CI 0.77-0.82, p < .001) and 0.75 for intensity (95% CI 0.71-0.78, p = .012). Individuals reporting high levels of exercise frequency, intensity, and a combination of the two showed a smaller proportion of adverse health markers than those reporting no regular exercise. Predictive validity assessed by Cox proportional hazards modeling of mortality showed that the high and moderate levels of frequency, intensity, and combined exercise groups differed significantly (all p < .001) from the no exercise group. We have found that these exercise questions, though simple, appear reliable and valid. The finding that even comparatively crude exercise questions can demonstrate an important relationship to death suggests that the signal for exercise is a strong one, and future studies should seek to better examine mechanisms by which exercise benefit is conferred.

Reliability and Validity of Organization-Public Relationship Measurement and Linkages among Relationship Indicators in a Membership Organization

2007 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eyun-Jung Ki ◽  
Linda Childers Hon
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Multiple Item ◽  
Membership Organization ◽  
Quality Relationships

This research was designed to develop reliable and valid measures of the outcomes of quality relationships. Hon and J. E. Grunig's extended scales for four relationship dimensions were tested using multiple-item measurement procedures as suggested. The constructed measures were refined further using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Causal linkages among relationship quality indicators were also tested. The developed measures and the model can be used to better understand a public's perceptions of its relationship with an organization, thus helping organizations better understand how to cultivate and sustain these relationships.

Reliability and Validity of Alternative Measures of Channel Member Satisfaction

1984 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Ruekert ◽  
Gilbert A. Churchill
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Channel Member ◽  
Cooperative Advertising ◽  
Multiple Item ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Member Satisfaction

The authors describe the development of multiple-item measures to capture the construct of channel member satisfaction. Two measures are developed that are found to have high levels of reliability and validity. In addition, the construct of channel member satisfaction is found to be multidimensional, involving satisfaction with products, financial considerations, social interaction, cooperative advertising programs, and other promotional assistances.

scholarly journals Monitoring Structured Experiences during Youth Programs: Development of Brief Measures of Perceived Value and Engagement

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary D. Ellis ◽  
Allen S. Taggart ◽  
Jill Martz ◽  
Toby Lepley ◽  
Tazim Jamal
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Perceived Value ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Youth Programs ◽  
Social Climate ◽  
Youth Leaders ◽  
Reliability Estimates ◽  
Multiple Item ◽  
Alpha Reliability

A brief questionnaire that can be used to routinely monitor the quality of structured experiences for youth is discussed in this paper. Structured experiences are discrete periods of time in which youth gather for activity under the supervision of adult or youth leaders.  Four-item measures of perceived value and engagement were created.  A questionnaire including these measures along with items from the 4-H Common Measures was administered to 219 youth from 11 4-H clubs.  Data were analyzed for evidence of reliability and validity.  Alpha reliability estimates were .82 and .71 for the two multiple-item monitoring instruments.  Correlations (validity coefficients) ranged from .48 to .61. Multiple regression results were consistent with predictions.  Significant relations were found between perceived value, engagement, meaningfulness and supportiveness of social climate and safety of social climate.  Results thus suggest that these instruments may be appropriate for use in monitoring structured experiences for youth.

Clausal Density Between Ages 4 and 9 Years for the Edmonton Narrative Norms Instrument: Reference Data and Psychometric Properties

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ling-Yu Guo ◽  
Phyllis Schneider ◽  
William Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Criterion Validity ◽  
Likelihood Ratios ◽  
Generation Task ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Purpose This study provided reference data and examined psychometric properties for clausal density (CD; i.e., number of clauses per utterance) in children between ages 4 and 9 years from the database of the Edmonton Narrative Norms Instrument (ENNI). Method Participants in the ENNI database included 300 children with typical language (TL) and 77 children with language impairment (LI) between the ages of 4;0 (years;months) and 9;11. Narrative samples were collected using a story generation task, in which children were asked to tell stories based on six picture sequences. CD was computed from the narrative samples. The split-half reliability, concurrent criterion validity, and diagnostic accuracy were evaluated for CD by age. Results CD scores increased significantly between ages 4 and 9 years in children with TL and those with LI. Children with TL produced higher CD scores than those with LI at each age level. In addition, the correlation coefficients for the split-half reliability and concurrent criterion validity of CD scores were all significant at each age level, with the magnitude ranging from small to large. The diagnostic accuracy of CD scores, as revealed by sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios, was poor. Conclusions The finding on diagnostic accuracy did not support the use of CD for identifying children with LI between ages 4 and 9 years. However, given the attested reliability and validity for CD, reference data of CD from the ENNI database can be used for evaluating children's difficulties with complex syntax and monitoring their change over time. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13172129

Hearing in Mice via GSR Audiometry

1963 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles I. Berlin
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Single Units ◽  
Sensitivity Curve ◽  
Basic Tool ◽  
Eighth Nerve ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
Conditioned Responses ◽  
Frequency Intensity ◽  
Near Threshold

Hearing in mice has been difficult to measure behaviorally. With GSR as the basic tool, the sensitivity curve to pure tones in mice has been successfully outlined. The most sensitive frequency-intensity combination was 15 000 cps at 0-5 dB re: 0.0002 dyne/cm 2 , with responses noted from 1 000 to beyond 70 000 cps. Some problems of reliability of conditioning were encountered, as well as findings concerning the inverse relationship between the size of GSR to unattenuated tones and the sound pressure necessary to elicit conditioned responses at or near threshold. These data agree well with the sensitivity of single units of the eighth nerve of the mouse.

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