Examining the Racial Dynamic of the Victim-offender Dyad in Homicide-suicide: Does Intraracial Homicide Encourage Perpetrator Suicide?

2020 ◽  
pp. 002242782097962
Author(s):  
Gregory M. Zimmerman ◽  
Emma E. Fridel ◽  
Madison Gerdes
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
Violent Death ◽  
Racial Composition ◽  
American Community Survey ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Hierarchical Logistic Regression ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Joint Contribution

Objectives: Compared to homicide-only, homicide-suicide is understudied in the criminological literature. This study investigates the victim-offender relationship—one of the most well-established correlates of homicide-suicide—from a new angle. In addition to examining the familiarity/closeness of the victim-offender relationship, this study investigates whether the racial composition (interracial versus intraracial) of the victim-offender dyad impacts the likelihood of committing suicide following homicide. Method: This study uses data on 26,858 homicide and homicide-suicide cases distributed across 3,178 places and 45 U.S. states from the National Violent Death Reporting System appended to information from the American Community Survey. Hierarchical logistic regression models examine the independent and joint contribution of: (1) the familiarity/closeness of the victim-offender relationship; and (2) the racial composition of the victim-offender dyad on homicide-suicide. Results: Killing familiar and same-race victims independently increase the odds of suicide following homicide; additionally, the odds of suicide following homicide are highest for offenders with both familiar and same-race victims. Conclusions: The findings suggest that homicide-suicide research should account for different aspects of the victim-offender relationship. Additionally, the importance of race/ethnicity extends to even the rarest of crimes.

scholarly journals The Differential Effects of Caregiving Intensity on Overnight Hospitalization in the Previous 2 Years

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 76-76
Author(s):  
Kylie Meyer ◽  
Zachary Gassoumis ◽  
Kathleen Wilber
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
P Value ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Spousal Caregiving ◽  
Health Insurance Status ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Self Assessed Health ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract Caregiving for a spouse is considered a major stressor many Americans will encounter during their lifetimes. Although most studies indicate caregiving is associated with experiencing diminished health outcomes, little is known about how this role affects caregivers’ use of acute health services. To understand how spousal caregiving affects the use of acute health services, we use data from the Health and Retirement Study. We apply fixed effects (FE) logistic regression models to examine odds of experiencing an overnight hospitalization in the previous two years according to caregiving status, intensity, and changes in caregiving status and intensity. Models controlled for caregiver gender, age, race, ethnicity, educational attainment, health insurance status, the number of household residents, and self-assessed health. Overall, caregivers were no more likely to experience an overnight hospitalization compared to non-caregivers (OR 0.92; CI 0.84 to 1.00; p-value=0.057). However, effects varied according to the intensity of caregiving and the time spent in this role. Compared to non-caregivers, for example, spouses who provided care to someone with no need for assistance with activities of daily living had lower odds of experiencing a hospitalization (OR 0.77; CI 0.66 to 0.89). In contrast, caregivers who provided care to someone with dementia for 4 to <6 years had 3.29 times the odds of experiencing an overnight hospitalization (CI 1.04 to 10.38; p-value=0.042). Findings indicate that, although caregivers overall appear to use acute health services about as much as non-caregivers, large differences exist between caregivers. Results emphasize the importance of recognizing diversity within caregiving experiences.

Testing the Impact of Road Network Connectivity on Criminal Lethality

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron C. Poole ◽  
James C. McCutcheon ◽  
Kayla Toohy ◽  
Bert Burraston
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
Explanatory Variable ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
American Community Survey ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
The Impact

Increased road network connectivity has been linked to more positive outcomes among all health outcomes. Road network connectivity has yet to be tested in association with specifically criminal lethality. The current study looks to incorporate road network connectivity as an explanatory variable for criminal lethality. Data on Road Network Connectivity and Criminal Lethality are gathered for 190 cities. Data sources include the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS), 2010 Census, 2010 American Community Survey, Google Earth, and Census Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (TIGER) files. The data demonstrate that a city’s road network connectivity is related to decreases in the rates of lethality among assaults. Implications of this finding are discussed.

scholarly journals Movement Behaviors and Perceived Loneliness and Sadness within Alaskan Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6866
Author(s):  
Ryan D. Burns ◽  
Yang Bai ◽  
Christopher D. Pfledderer ◽  
Timothy A. Brusseau ◽  
Wonwoo Byun
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Movement Behavior ◽  
Youth Risk Behavior Survey ◽  
Association Analyses ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Screen Use

Physical activity, screen use, and sleep are behaviors that integrate across the whole day. However, the accumulative influence of meeting recommendations for these 24-h movement behaviors on the mental health of Alaskan adolescents has not been examined. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between movement behaviors, loneliness, and sadness within Alaskan adolescents. Data were obtained from the 2019 Alaska Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). The number of adolescents participating in the 2019 Alaska YRBS was 1897. Associations between meeting recommendations for movement behaviors with loneliness and sadness were examined using weighted logistic regression models, adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and body mass index (BMI). Approximately 5.0% of the sample met recommendations for all three movement behaviors. Meeting 2 or 3 movement behavior recommendations was associated with lower odds of loneliness (odds ratio (OR) range = 0.23 to 0.44, p < 0.01). Additionally, meeting 1 to 3 movement behavior recommendations was associated with lower odds of sadness (OR range = 0.29 to 0.52, p < 0.05). Joint association analyses determined that these relationships were primarily driven by meeting the sleep recommendation for loneliness and meeting the screen use recommendation for sadness. The results support use of multiple movement-based behavior programming to attenuate feelings of loneliness and sadness within Alaskan adolescents.

Regional Variations in Trends for Multiple Births: A Population-Based Evaluation in France, 1972–2003

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 406-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babak Khoshnood ◽  
Béatrice Blondel
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Multiple Births ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Regional Variations ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Hierarchical Logistic Regression ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Infertility Treatments

AbstractThe aim of the study was to assess, using population-based data, trends and regional variations in multiple births during the period of increasing use and changes in practice patterns for infertility treatments. National data for 24,554,977 births (live births and stillbirths) were used, including 569,423 twins during the period 1972 to 2003, and 14,599 triplets for 1984 to 2003. Statistical analyses included age-adjusted hierarchical logistic regression models for twin births and separate analyses for triple, same-sex, and different-sex twin births. Due to confidentiality considerations, the only variable available for adjustment was maternal age. Regionallevel variations were estimated using median odds ratios based on random-intercept hierarchical logistic regression models. Overall, twin births increased from 18.1 per 1000 births (95% confidence interval [CI] 17.9–18.2) in 1972 to 1975 to 29.9 per 1000 (95% CI 29.7–30.1) in 2000 to 2003. Twin births increased progressively across all regions, whereas triple births reached a peak in the early 1990s and decreased thereafter. Trends for both twin and triple births varied significantly across regions. Both trends and regional variations were greater for different-sex as compared with same-sex twin births. Regional variations in the proportion of multiple births increased in the case of twin births and decreased for triple births. Differences in multiple births at the regional level in France were comparable to country-level differences observed across several western and northern European countries. Regional differences in multiple births need to be monitored and used to inform policies aimed at regulating the use of infertility treatments.

Descriptive Epidemiology of Homicides With Victim and Suspect Race or Hispanic Ethnicity Discordance in the United States: Analysis of National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) 2005-2015

2019 ◽  
pp. 088626051986165
Author(s):  
Cara L. Frankenfeld ◽  
Timothy F. Leslie
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
National Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Romantic Partners ◽  
Violent Death ◽  
Hispanic Ethnicity ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Cross-racial violence is a high-profile issue in the United States; however, there is little empirical research on the epidemiology of cross-racial homicides. The objective of this work was to use national-level data to evaluate the characteristics of homicides in which the victim and suspect are of the same or different race or Hispanic ethnicity. Victims and suspects from National Violent Death Reporting System data (2005-2015) were classified into seven-categories on the basis of race/ethnicity (six non-Hispanic races or Hispanic ethnicity), and 51,454 homicide events were classified as concordant (same race or ethnicity), discordant (different race or ethnicity), or unknown (missing race or ethnicity or no suspect information). While discordancy was observed to be similar across all race and ethnicity groups, it was less likely with relatives, romantic partners, and relatives of romantic partners; less likely to occur at home; less likely to occur in intimate partner violence–related homicides; less likely when the homicide was preceded by an argument over money or property; less likely when the homicide was associated with a family problem; more likely among rival gangs and strangers than other known person relationships; and more likely with drug-involved homicides. There were differences for victims of non-Hispanic Black race. Notably, discordance was more likely for justifiable self-defense and more likely with victim having used a weapon. These results suggest that discordant homicides may follow patterns of peer groups and close relationships in society regardless of victim race/ethnicity, that is, individuals may form closer relationships with individuals of the same race/ethnicity.

Hierarchical Logistic Regression Models for Imputation of Unresolved Enumeration Status in Undercount Estimation: Rejoinder

1993 ◽  
Vol 88 (423) ◽  
pp. 1163
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Belin ◽  
Gregg J. Diffendal ◽  
Steve Mack ◽  
Donald B. Rubin ◽  
Joseph L. Schafer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Hierarchical Logistic Regression

scholarly journals Health Status and Health Care Utilization of US Adults Under Probation: 2015–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (9) ◽  
pp. 1411-1417
Author(s):  
Laura Hawks ◽  
Emily A. Wang ◽  
Benjamin Howell ◽  
Steffie Woolhandler ◽  
David U. Himmelstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Health Care Utilization ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Outpatient Visit ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Use Of Health Services

Objectives. To compare the health and health care utilization of persons on and not on probation nationally. Methods. Using the National Survey of Drug Use and Health, a population-based sample of US adults, we compared physical, mental, and substance use disorders and the use of health services of persons (aged 18–49 years) on and not on probation using logistic regression models controlling for age, race/ethnicity, gender, poverty, and insurance status. Results. Those on probation were more likely to have a physical condition (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2, 1.4), mental illness (AOR = 2.4; 95% CI = 2.1, 2.8), or substance use disorder (AOR = 4.2; 95% CI = 3.8, 4.5). They were less likely to attend an outpatient visit (AOR = 0.8; 95% CI = 0.7, 0.9) but more likely to have an emergency department visit (AOR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.6, 2.0) or hospitalization (AOR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.5, 1.9). Conclusions. Persons on probation have an increased burden of disease and receive less outpatient care but more acute services than persons not on probation. Public Health Implications. Efforts to address the health needs of those with criminal justice involvement should include those on probation.

scholarly journals POS0023 RACIAL/ETHNIC AND REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN MULTIMORBIDITY BETWEEN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND COMPARATORS IN A LARGE NATIONWIDE US STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 213.1-214
Author(s):  
H. J. Dykhoff ◽  
E. Myasoedova ◽  
M. Peterson ◽  
J. M. Davis ◽  
V. Kronzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Index Date ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Us ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Background:Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have an increased burden of multimorbidity. Racial/ethnic disparities have also been associated with an increased burden of multimorbidity.Objectives:We aimed to compare multimorbidity among different racial/ethnic groups and geographic regions of the US in patients with RA and comparators without RA.Methods:We used a large longitudinal, real-world data warehouse with de-identified administrative claims for commercial and Medicare Advantage enrollees, to identify cases of RA and matched controls. Cases were defined as patients aged ≥18 years with ≥2 diagnoses of RA in January 1, 2010 - June 30, 2019 and ≥1 prescription fill for methotrexate in the year after the first RA diagnosis. Controls were persons without RA matched 1:1 to RA cases on age, sex, census region, calendar year of index date (corresponding to the date of second diagnosis code for RA), and length of prior medical/pharmacy coverage. Race was classified as non-Hispanic White (White), non-Hispanic Black (Black), Asian, Hispanic, or other/unknown, based on self-report or derived rule sets. Multimorbidity (2 or more comorbidities) was defined using 25 chronic comorbidities from a combination of the Charlson and Elixhauser Comorbidity Indices assessed during the year prior to index date. Rheumatic comorbidities were not included. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).Results:The study included 16,363 cases with RA and 16,363 matched non-RA comparators (mean age 58.2 years, 70.7% female for both cohorts). Geographic regions were the same in both cohorts: 50% South, 26% Midwest, 13% West, and 11% Northeast. Race/ethnicity was not part of the matching criteria and varied slightly between the cohorts: among RA (non-RA) patients, 74% (74%) were White, 11% (9%) Hispanic, 10% (9%) Black, 3% (4%) Asian, and 3% (4%) other/unknown. Patients with RA had more multimorbidity than non-RA subjects (51.3% vs 44.8%). Multimorbidity comparisons across US geographic regions were similar in both cohorts, with comparable multimorbidity levels for patients in the West and Midwest and higher levels for those in the Northeast and South (Figure 1). Among the non-RA patients, 43.5% of Whites experienced multimorbidity, compared to 33.9% of Asians, 46.1% of Hispanics, and 58.4% of Blacks. These associations remained after adjustment for age, sex, and geographic region, with significantly lower multimorbidity among Asians (OR: 0.81; 95%CI: 0.67-0.99) and significantly higher multimorbidity among Hispanics (OR: 1.21; 95%CI: 1.07-1.37) and Blacks (OR: 1.74; 95%CI: 1.54-1.97), compared to Whites in the non-RA cohort. Among the RA patients, racial/ethnic differences were less pronounced; 50.6% of Whites, 42.8% of Asians, 48.8% of Hispanics, and 58.4% of Blacks experienced multimorbidity. Adjusted analyses revealed no significant differences in multimorbidity for Asians (OR: 0.88; 95%CI: 0.70-1.08) and Hispanics (OR: 1.06; 95%CI: 0.95-1.19) and a less pronounced increase in multimorbidity among Blacks (OR: 1.32; 95%CI: 1.17-1.49) compared to Whites in the RA cohort.Conclusion:This large nationwide study showed increased occurrence of multimorbidity in RA versus non-RA patients and in both cohorts for residents of the Northeast and South regions of the US. Racial/ethnic disparities in multimorbidity were more pronounced among patients without RA compared to RA patients. This indicates the effects of RA and race/ethnicity on multimorbidity do not aggregate. The underlying mechanisms for these associations require further investigation.Figure 1.Logistic regression models comparing multimorbidity levels in RA and non-RA cohorts.Disclosure of Interests:Hayley J. Dykhoff: None declared, Elena Myasoedova: None declared, Madeline Peterson: None declared, John M Davis III Grant/research support from: Research grant from Pfizer, Vanessa Kronzer: None declared, Caitrin Coffey: None declared, Tina Gunderson: None declared, Cynthia S. Crowson: None declared.

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