Intra Oral Mucosal Conditions in Older Patients With and Without Complete Dentures: A Cross-sectional Study.

Objectives: To obtain baseline information on Oral Mucosal Conditions (OMCs) and its relation to age, sex, medical history and the use of complete denture in a sample of edentulous patients. Materials and methods: Edentulous patients attending a university hospital were examined for the presence of OMCs, and demographic data were recorded. Statistical analysis was carried out on SPSS software; the following statistical tests were utilized: descriptive statistics, The Mann Whitney U test, Spearman’s Rho rank correlations, and The hierarchical logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of one hundred and sixty-one participants were examined (34 females and 127 males with a mean age of 59.08 years). More than half of the participants (59.6 %) were non-denture wearers and (40.6%) were denture wearers. Longer edentulism, using dentures for longer duration, and the use of more previous dentures were associated with higher Atwood’s ridge classification. Smoking was associated with higher prevalence of OMCs, particularly hairy tongue, frictional keratosis, smokers’ palate, and leukoedema. Denture wearers had more denture stomatitis and denture induced hyperplasia, and less frictional keratosis than non-denture wearers. Participants with cardiac disease had more incidences of geographic tongue and tie tongue. Conclusion: Mucosal changes with increased age, smoking, medical conditions, and medications may be superimposed by wearing complete dentures.

The Influence of State-Level Contextual Factors on State/Federal System Vocational Rehabilitation Employment Outcomes for Persons With Traumatic Brain Injury

The purpose of this exploratory study was to develop a preliminary understanding of the influence of state-level contextual factors predictive of employment outcomes for State/Federal Vocational Rehabilitation System (State VR) participants with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Participants were 5,213 individuals with TBI with Individualized Plans for Employment closed during Federal Fiscal Year 2016. A four-step hierarchical logistic regression model (5.6% explained variance) containing five demographic, three state-level economic, six state TBI service climate, and nine State VR service variable expenditures correctly classified 57.0% of cases as attaining or not attaining an employment outcome at closure. Significant predictors associated with an employment closure were (a) education, veteran status, and presence of a secondary area of disability impairment; (b) state-level per-capita income; (c) State VR specialized acquired brain injury (ABI)/TBI service and state TBI Implementation Partnership grant funding; and (d) State VR service expenditures on diagnosis and treatment, occupational or vocational training, on-the-job training, job readiness training, transportation, maintenance support, and benefits counseling. The practice, policy, and research implications of these findings are presented.

Determining the Relationship Between Hyoid Bone Kinematics and Airway Protection in Swallowing

Purpose: Research remains equivocal regarding the links between hyoid movement and penetration–aspiration. The aims of this study were (a) to explore associations between hyoid parameters, laryngeal vestibule closure (LVC) parameters, and penetration–aspiration on thin liquids; and (b) to determine which of these parameters are the strongest predictors of penetration–aspiration. Method: This study involved retrospective analysis of an existing videofluoroscopy data set, collected in 305 participants (152 males) with noncongenital/nonsurgical/non-oncological risk for dysphagia. We extracted data for six thin liquid swallows per participant, and obtained measures of hyoid movement (peak position, speed) and LVC (complete/incomplete, timing, duration). Resulting values were coded as typical/atypical relative to healthy reference data. Relationships were explored using chi-square tests and odds ratios (a) for the entire data set and (b) for the subset of data with complete LVC. Hierarchical logistic regression models determined the strongest predictors of penetration–aspiration. Results: Significant associations were found between penetration–aspiration and incomplete LVC, prolonged time-to-most-complete-LVC, short LVC duration, reduced anterior hyoid peak position, and reduced hyoid speed. Hyoid measures were also significantly associated with LVC parameters. In the first regression model, incomplete LVC and prolonged time-to-most-complete-LVC were the only significant predictors of penetration–aspiration. For cases with complete LVC, the only significant predictor was prolonged time-to-most-complete-LVC. Conclusions: Although reduced anterior hyoid peak position and speed are associated with penetration–aspiration on thin liquids, these measures do not independently account for penetration–aspiration when considered in conjunction with measures of LVC. When identifying mechanisms explaining penetration–aspiration, clinicians should focus on LVC (complete/incomplete) and timeliness of LVC.

The Relationship between Persuasion Cues and Idea Adoption in Virtual Crowdsourcing Communities

Building on the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) and absorptive capacity, this study develops a four-dimensional model of idea adoption in Virtual Crowdsourcing Communities (VCCs) and examines the influence of different persuasion cues on idea adoption. The research model was tested using hierarchical logistic regression based on a dataset from the Tableau community. The results show that both community recognition of users and community recognition of ideas are positively related to idea adoption. Proactive user engagement has a significant positive impact on idea adoption, while reactive user engagement has no significant impact. Idea content quality, represented by idea length and supporting arguments, has an inverted U-shaped relationship with idea adoption. Community absorptive capacity positively moderates the curvilinear relationship between idea content quality and idea adoption. These results contribute to a better elucidation of the persuasion mechanisms underlying idea adoption in VCCs, and thus provide important implications for open innovation research and practice.

Prevalence and Determinants of Anemia among Children in Zanzibar, Tanzania: Analysis of Cross-Sectional Population Representative Surveys

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of anemia and its determinants among children aged 6–59 months in Zanzibar, Tanzania, from 2005 to 2015. We used secondary data from the Tanzania Demographic and Health Surveys from three different periods: 2005, 2010, and 2015. A sample of 3502 child-mother pairs from three survey datasets was used to analyze the overall prevalence of anemia and reveal its determinants. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to demonstrate the prevalence odds ratio of factors, both from the mothers and children, for anemia prevalence. The study indicated a significant decrease in anemia prevalence from 76.1% in 2005 to 65.4% in 2015 (p < 0.001). Hierarchical logistic regression between variables and anemia showed a significant association (p = 0.02) with households that improperly disposed of stool, children with minimum dietary diversity (p = 0.041), children in low age quartiles (p = < 0.001), and underweight children (p = 0.025). Maternal, household characteristics, and child factors were associated with childhood anemia in Zanzibar, Tanzania. Despite the significant decrease of anemia in Zanzibar, the overall prevalence rate is still a significant public health concern. Designing and strengthening comprehensive interventions to address anemia in the general population and different categories should be given special consideration.

Relationships Among Band Festival Ratings, Director Gender, and Other Selected Factors

The purpose of this study was to examine relationships among high school band festival ratings and director gender as well as school locale, school size, student socioeconomic status (SES), student race, repertoire difficulty, and ensemble name. Data included overall ratings of bands ( N = 257) that performed at District Concert Assessments held across the state of Virginia during 2019 as well as demographic information from the National Center for Education Statistics. Statistical analysis of a subset of these performances ( n = 151) revealed a statistically significant association between ratings and director gender, with male-directed ensembles more likely to receive a “I” rating than female-directed ensembles. However, hierarchical logistic regression revealed that repertoire difficulty and ensemble name were the best predictors of whether an ensemble would receive a “I” rating. Implications include the need to examine why female band directors may choose less difficult repertoire than male directors and to explore strategies for making the secondary band teaching profession more equitable and inclusive.

Abstract 10611: Variation in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Survival Across EMS Agencies

Background: Although some studies have reported variation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survival by neighborhood and geographic region, little is known about variation in OHCA survival at the level of EMS agencies—which, unlike neighborhoods and regions, may have modifiable resuscitation practices. Methods: Within the national Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival, we identified 258,320 non-traumatic OHCAs from 764 EMS agencies with ≥10 OHCAs annually between 2015-2019. Using multivariable hierarchical logistic regression, we computed risk-adjusted rates of survival to hospital admission for each EMS agency. We quantified the extent of variation in survival with the median odds ratios (MOR) and assessed the extent to which variation in survival was explained by two EMS agency resuscitation practices: time from 911 call to EMS arrival and the proportion of OHCAs at each EMS agency with termination of resuscitation (TOR) without meeting TOR futility criteria. Results: Of 258,320 persons with OHCA, mean age was 62.2 ± 17.0 years and 36.1% were female. Overall, 85.0% were of presumed cardiac etiology, 82.3% occurred at home, 44.0% were witnessed by a bystander, and ~75% were due to a non-shockable initial rhythm. Across the 764 EMS agencies, the median risk-adjusted rate of survival to hospital admission was 27.4% (IQR, 24.5% - 30.2%). The adjusted MOR was 1.35 (95% CI: 1.32, 1.39), suggesting that the odds of survival to hospital admission after an OHCA varied by 35% in two identical patients in one randomly selected EMS agency vs. another. EMS agencies in the lowest quartile of risk-adjusted survival had a mean EMS response time of 12.0 ± 3.4 minutes, whereas those in the highest quartile had a mean EMS response time of 9.0 ± 2.6 minutes ( P <0.001). The mean proportion of OHCA cases where CPR was terminated in the field without meeting TOR futility criteria was 27.9% ±16.1% in quartile 1 and 18.9% ±11.4% in quartile 4 ( P <0.001). Adjustment for the EMS-level variation in both resuscitation practices attenuated the MOR to 1.30 (95% CI: 1.27, 1.33). Conclusions: Rates of survival to hospital admission for OHCA vary significantly by EMS agency, and some of this variation in survival is explained by differences in EMS arrival time and TOR practice patterns.

Factors predicting anxiety and depression symptoms among migrant workers in the Greater China area during the early COVID-19 pandemic: A brief report

This study briefly reported the prevalence and factors predicting anxiety and depression symptoms among migrant workers in the Greater China area. An online survey was conducted between February and March 2020 among Indonesian migrant workers in Macau, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. Data from 491 participants were analyzed using a series of hierarchical logistic regression. The prevalence rates for clinically meaningful symptoms of anxiety and depression were 31.8% and 26.9%, respectively. Factors predicting anxiety symptoms were age, marital status, income level, educational level, and Cantonese fluency. Older participants, married, have higher income and education, and are more fluent in Cantonese were less likely to experience anxiety than their counterparts. Factors predicting depression symptoms were age, marital status, English fluency, and Cantonese fluency. Older participants, married, and more fluent in English and Cantonese were less likely to experience depression than their counterparts. Stakeholders should consider these findings in public health planning to make it more inclusive for migrant workers.

Risk Factors Associated With Driving After Cannabis Use Among Canadian Young Adults

This study identifid the most prominent risk factors associated with driving after cannabis use (DACU). 1,126 Canadian drivers (17–35 years old) who have used cannabis in the past 12 months completed an online questionnaire about sociodemographic information, substance use habits, cannabis effect expectancies, driving behaviours and peers’ behaviours and attitudes concerning DACU. A hierarchical logistic regression allowed identifying variables that were associated with DACU. Income (CA$30,000–CA$69,000), weekly-to-daily cannabis use, higher level of cannabis-related problems, expectation that cannabis facilitates social interactions, drunk driving, belief that DACU is safe, general risky driving behaviours, having a few friends who had DACU and injunctive norms predicted past 12-month DACU. Older age, holding negative expectations concerning cannabis, driving aggressively and perceived accessibility of public transportation decreased the probability of DACU. With restricted resources, programmes will be more efficient by targeting Canadian young adults most inclined to DACU by focussing on these risk factors.

Attitudinal Correlates of HPV Vaccination in College Women

This study examined associations between general attitudes toward seeking medical care, attitudes about vaccines/fear of shots, and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake and intentions in college women. Hypothesized associations were framed by the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Participants ( N = 330, mean age = 18.9 years, 75% White) completed a one-time survey. The majority (61%; n = 201) had received ≥1 HPV vaccine dose. Hierarchical logistic regression examined relationships between attitudes and vaccine uptake. Pearson correlation coefficients and Kruskal-Wallis tests examined associations between attitudes and vaccine intentions. Results were partially consistent with the TPB. In the final model, perceived benefits, but not fear of shots, were associated with vaccine uptake. Among the unvaccinated, perceived benefits, but not fear of shots, were associated with vaccine intentions. Provider recommendation was the strongest predictor of vaccine uptake. Findings suggest interventions incorporating discussion of perceived benefits and provider recommendation may improve HPV vaccine receipt among college women.