The Age-Graded Consequences of Justice System Involvement for Mental Health

2021 ◽  
pp. 002242782110239
Author(s):  
Kathleen Powell
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
System Involvement ◽  
Age Variation

Objectives: Drawing on the life course and social stress perspectives, this paper examines age variation in the mental health consequences of justice system involvement by assessing arrest, conviction, or incarceration as possible age-graded stressors that amplify harm at younger ages of involvement. Methods: Individual fixed effect regression models utilizing National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1997) data test whether age moderates the mental health impact of arrest, conviction, or incarceration. Follow-up analyses for moderated associations compute and compare age-specific relationships to identify differences in the significance and magnitude of mental health consequences for contacts spanning late adolescence, emerging adulthood, and adulthood. Results: The incarceration-mental health relationship is moderated by age, as significant harms to mental health are exclusively observed following secure confinement in late adolescence (ages 16–17) and emerging adulthood (18–24), but not in adulthood (25–33). The lack of moderation between arrest and mental health indicates a universally harmful experience at all ages. Conclusions: Evidence supports conceptualizing incarceration as an age-graded social stressor that is correlated with pronounced harm to mental health during late adolescence and emerging adulthood. Future research should identify the mechanisms of this unique stress response following earlier incarcerations and its long-term salience for processes of cumulative disadvantage.

scholarly journals Perinatal depression screening using smartphone technology: Exploring uptake, engagement and future directions for the MGH Perinatal Depression Scale (MGHPDS)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257065
Author(s):  
Rachel Vanderkruik ◽  
Edwin Raffi ◽  
Marlene P. Freeman ◽  
Rebecca Wales ◽  
Lee Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Perinatal Depression ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Longitudinal Data Collection

Women may experience new-onset or worsening depressive disorders during pregnancy and the postpartum. If untreated, there may be detrimental consequences to the health and wellbeing of the woman and to her baby. There is a need for improved tools and approaches that can be easily and broadly implemented to effectively detect depression during the perinatal period. Early identification of depression during pregnancy is an important first step towards connecting women to treatment and preventing continued depression into the postpartum or beyond. This report provides preliminary findings from a pilot study of a digital screening app for perinatal depression expiring potential for app reach, engagement, and user demographics and mental health symptoms. With mainly passive recruitment efforts, we collected cross-sectional mental health data on over 700 women during the perinatal period, including women across over 30 countries. We report on mean depression scores among women during pregnancy and the postpartum as well as on constructs that are commonly comorbid with depression, including anxiety, sleep dysregulation, and perceived stress. Over half of the women during pregnancy and over 70% of women in the postpartum had a depression score indicative of clinical depression. Future research directions for this work and potential for public health impact are discussed, including longitudinal data collection and analyses of symptomology over time and embedding evidence-based digital therapeutics into the app as a means to increase access to mental health services.

How Our Technology Use Changed in 2020: Perspectives from Three Youth (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babayosimi Fadiran ◽  
Jessica Lee ◽  
Jared Lemminger ◽  
Anna Jolliff
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Scientific Value ◽  
The Way

UNSTRUCTURED The coronavirus pandemic may have changed the way American adolescents perceive and interact with technology. This commentary recounts the diverse perspectives of three youth, all of whom observed an interplay between their technology use and mental health as a result of COVID-19. In the present article, we hear from Jared, who compares the mental health impact of in-person schooling versus remote instruction. We hear from Jessica, who has refined a technology-based strategy for emotionally supporting her friend at a distance. And we hear from Babayosimi, who used technology to challenge himself and support creative interaction during quarantine. These lived experiences have scientific value insofar as they can inform future research questions, and practical value in that they represent key learnings on pro-wellness technology use from the most technologically savvy generation.

Support for Balanced Justice and Rehabilitation for Justice-Involved Veterans

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra A. Atkin-Plunk ◽  
Lincoln B. Sloas
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Violent Offense ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Oriented Approach

Justice-involved veterans face increased behavioral health (e.g., mental health and substance abuse) issues and are more likely to be incarcerated for a violent offense compared to nonveterans. Despite the large number of veterans involved in the justice system, there is a paucity of research examining public opinion of sanctioning approaches for justice-involved veterans. The current study seeks to fill this gap by sampling 575 undergraduate students at a large university in the south to examine support for sanctioning approaches for nonviolent and violent justice–involved veterans. Multinomial logistic regression was conducted to examine whether beliefs regarding the treatment of justice-involved veterans (e.g., whether veterans deserve access to rehabilitation programs, the ability of veterans to be rehabilitated, whether veterans are willing to work toward rehabilitation, and the effectiveness of treatment programs for veterans) relate to support for balanced justice. Findings suggest support for a balanced justice approach to sanctioning violent justice–involved veterans, while support for a rehabilitation-oriented approach to sanctioning nonviolent justice–involved veterans. Policy implications and directions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Black Americans demonstrate comparatively low levels of depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253654
Author(s):  
Victoria Owens ◽  
Htay-Wah Saw
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Racial Inequalities ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Introduction During public health crises like the COVID-19 pandemic, populations can experience worsening mental health. Prior reports have suggested that Black Americans experienced lower rates of anxiety and depression than White Americans before the pandemic; however, during the pandemic, outcomes may be different as Black Americans have been disproportionately affected in terms of mortality, hospitalization, COVID-19 infection, and job loss. We documented the differential mental health impact of COVID-19 on Black and Non-Black Americans. Methods We analyzed nationally representative longitudinal data from the Understanding America Study COVID-19 Tracking Survey spanning March through November of 2020 to assess differences over time in prevalence of anxiety and depression between Black and non-Black Americans. Results We found that Black Americans were significantly less likely to report symptoms for anxiety, depression, or both during the pandemic. In a given month between March through November of 2020, the odds of Black Americans reporting such symptoms was on average about half that of Non-Black Americans. We also found that in September 2020, the gap in reporting symptoms for depression began to widen gradually. Specifically, since that time, prevalence of depression remained stable among non-Black Americans while it declined gradually among Black Americans. Our main results were robust to adjusting for demographics, risk perceptions, and baseline pre-pandemic mental health status. Conclusions Black Americans maintained significantly better mental health than Non-Black Americans despite their struggle against economic, health, and racial inequalities during the pandemic. We discuss the significance and implications of our results and identify opportunities for future research.

scholarly journals EXPLORING INFLUENCES ON MENTAL HEALTH AFTER INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy Carter-Snell ◽  
Sonya L. Jakubec
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Depth Analysis

Women who have experienced intimate partner violence or sexual assault are well known to have extremely high rates of mental illness such as post-traumatic stress disorder and depression, as well as high rates of chronic illness, re-victimization, and suicide. The purpose of this in-depth analysis of the literature was to determine the relative impact of selected risk and resilience factors and the quality of existing evidence. The analysis of risk and resiliency pertaining to mental health impacts was guided by a social-ecological model, examining individual, relationship, community, and societal influences. An improved understanding of these factors and the quality of evidence underlying them can inform future research and interventions aimed at preventing or reducing the mental health impact of these crimes, and point to a direction for more inclusive examinations of the literature.

scholarly journals The Importance of Mental Health Courts for Psychiatry & the Criminal Justice System

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Alexander Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Mentally Ill Offenders ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mental Health Courts ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
Legal Outcomes

Mental health courts are designed to divert mentally ill offenders away from the criminal justice system and into appropriate treatment programs. This commentary highlights the systemic issues that led to the development of mental health courts as a solution. Research has already demonstrated that these courts are associated with numerous positive psychiatric and legal outcomes. However, further research is required to determine what specifically makes them successful, and who is most likely to benefit from them. Mental health courts have earned their place as an essential part of the criminal justice system and are a promising area of future research.

scholarly journals Mental health and justice system involvement: A conceptual analysis of the literature.

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah McCormick ◽  
Michele Peterson-Badali ◽  
Tracey A. Skilling
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
System Involvement

How Gender Shapes Emerging Adulthood

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerika C. Norona ◽  
Teresa M. Preddy ◽  
Deborah P. Welsh
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors

This chapter examines how gender shapes experiences in emerging adulthood, from identity development and relationships to involvement in risky behaviors and mental health outcomes. It first considers the developmental tasks commonly faced by emerging adults before proceeding to a discussion of gender differences between young men and women in terms of development of one’s identity and relationships with family members (parents and siblings), friendships, and romantic relationships and sexual experiences, as well as mental health outcomes and the propensity to engage in risk-taking behaviors. It also describes various domains of identity, including political affiliation, religiosity/spirituality, and career/occupational development. The chapter concludes by assessing gaps in the literature and outlining directions for future research.

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