Anxiety and Depression in School-going children with Epilepsy

Background: This study was designed to find the prevalence of anxiety and depression in school-going children with epilepsy.Methods:All the patients with epilepsy presenting during the study period underwent detailed clinical and EEG evaluation. Hospital Anxiety and Depression score (HADS) was used to screen for anxiety and depression.Results:We identified 190 patients with epilepsy during the study period. Out of these 30 (15.8%) were diagnosed as having treatment resistance epilepsy. Anxiety was diagnosed in 114 (60%) and depression in 62 (32.6%). Patients with drug resistant epilepsy were found to have statistically significant markers in the form of higher scores for depression and anxiety, and lower IQ scores. Frequency of GTCS (Generaized Tonic Clonic Seizures) showed inverse correlation with IQ scores and direct correlation to the anxiety/depression scores.Conclusion:We conclude that anxiety and depression in school-going children with epilepsy is common and that it has a correlation with treatment resistance.

Fear of Cancer Recurrence Is Highly Prevalent and Linearly Associates With Anxiety and Depression in Chinese Breast Cancer Patients

Objective: To characterize the fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) and its relationship with anxiety and depression and quality of life (QoL) among Chinese breast cancer (BC) patients in China. Methods: Patients completed the questionnaires of QLQ-C30, QLQ-BR32 and HAD to assess FCR, QoL, anxiety and depression before radiotherapy. A cross-sectional analysis was performed. Chi-square and non-parametric tests and multivariate ordinal logistic regressions (mOLR) were utilized for reference analysis. Final covariates included age, BMI, TNM, surgery, chemotherapy, pain, and sleep disturbance. Results: From July 2015 to December 2016, 463 patients were prospectively enrolled. Their age mean (range) were 47 (19 - 89) years old. In total, 327 patients (70.6%) reported having FCR ‘a little bit’ (51.2%), ‘some’ (12.1%) and ‘very much’ (7.3%) in the past week. FCR severity ordered above (incl. ‘no’) was associated with anxiety score (median 1.5, 5.0, 7.0, 8.5 and level (‘abnormal’ rate 0%, 3.4%, 12.5%, 26.5%), depression score (median 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 6.5) and level (‘abnormal’ rate 2.2%, 3.4%, 5.4%, 17.7%) (all p<0.001). mOLR showed that compared to ‘no’, three higher levels of FCR were associated with one level increase of anxiety with OR (p) as 1.983 (0.076), 4.291 (0.001), 8.282 (<0.001) and depression with OR (p) as 1.903 (0.062), 2.262 (0.065), 4.205 (0.004), respectively. FCR severity also was inversely associated with most QoL function scores (p<0.001). Conclusions: FCR was prevalent in Chinese BC patients and linearly associated with anxiety, depression and low QoL. It seems that a single-item question for FCR is a valid surrogate tool for distress screening in this population.

Sun, Sleep, and Satisfaction: Mediating Role of Depression and Source of Endogeneity among Middle-aged and Older Adults in China

Purpose To examine: (i) depression as a mediator in effects of sleep duration and quality on life satisfaction (LS), (ii) source of endogeneity in self-reported data on sleep, and (iii) predictive power of sleep duration and quality on LS. Methods Panel data of 22,674 observations from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (2015 & 2018) was used. Sleep was assessed with self-reported duration and quality. Depression was measured by the 10-question version of the Center for Epidemiological Survey - Depression. LS was rated by five scales. Fixed-effects ordered logit models were used to determine the effect of sleep duration and quality on life satisfaction and the mediating role of depression. We used instrumental variable strategy to explore the source of endogeneity. Information value and random forest model were used to examine the predictive power of sleep measures duration and quality. Results Sleep duration and quality were found to improve life satisfaction via lower depression score. Non-agricultural employed population with urban hukou (household registration) accounted for the endogeneity, but the instrument variable sunset failed the weak instrument test. Sleep measures were found to predict life satisfaction, especially for the lower life satisfaction groups. Conclusion Our findings suggest the importance of sleep and the study of the associations between solar cues, social schedules, and sleep. Policy makers of social care of older adults might consider sleep intervention among this population.

Long COVID in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background: We aimed to evaluate the Long COVID frequency, and related factors in patients followed up after hospitalization. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 133 inpatients with COVID-19 PCR test positivity from Nigde Province, Turkey between 01.01.2021 and 28.02.2021. The characteristics of the patients were recorded by examining the files, and the symptom questioning was made by telephone interviewing with the patients approximately four months after the date of diagnosis. The presence of at least one symptom lasting more than four weeks was described as Long COVID. Results: The frequency of Long COVID was 64.7%. The most common Long COVID symptoms were fatigue (45.9%), respiratory distress (25.6%), and muscle / joint pain (24.8%), respectively. In comparison analysis to identify factors associated with Long COVID; Long COVID was found to be more frequent among women (P=0.04); patients with severe COVID-19 (P<0.01), patients with prolonged hospital stay (P=0.03), patients with the comorbid disease (P=0.03), and Diabetes Mellitus patients (P=0.02). Additionally, the frequency of Long COVID increased as the depression score stated by the person increased after COVID-19 disease (P=0.02). Conclusion: The treatment of COVID-19 patients should not end when they are discharged from the hospital. On the contrary, these patients, especially high-risk patients, should be followed up in post-COVID clinics and rehabilitated physically and psychosocially with a multidisciplinary approach following the recovery period of the acute illness.

Later Chronotype Correlates With Severe Depression in Indonesian College Students

Background and Objective The correlation between late chronotype and depression has been well documented, but reports from the equatorial area, where the sun shines throughout the year with less seasonal variation, are limited. In the present research study, we sought to 1) examine the relationship between the chronotype and mental health symptoms in an Indonesian student population and 2) explore the characteristics of those who lie at the extreme chronotype and psychometry.Methods This is a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study including undergraduate students in an Indonesian university (n = 493). We used the Munich Chronotype Questionnaires and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale to assess the chronotype and mental symptoms, respectively. Following this, a follow-up with an in-depth interview on the selected population at the extreme end of the chronotype was performed as an exploratory approach to identify their common characteristics.Results Among the tested parameters, the depression score was significantly associated with chronotype (p = 0.003), replicating previous findings from other areas with higher latitudes. The correlation persisted when males and females were analyzed separately (p = 0.008 and 0.037, respectively). A follow-up qualitative analysis revealed a potential subclinical, unrealized depression among the subjects; our findings revealed the use of smartphones during or before bedtime as a common factor among those with later chronotypes.Conclusions There is a correlation between depression score and chronotype among Indonesian college students, where subjects with later chronotype are more likely to have a higher depression score.

The Impact of Cataract Surgery on Depression in Elderly Iranian Patients: A Case–Control Study

Background: Cataract-related vision impairment is clearly associated with depressive symptoms in old age. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cataract surgery on depression among elderly Iranian patients. Methods: In this case–control study, a total of 113 elderly patients with and without cataract who were admitted to Buali-Sina Hospital in Sari, Mazandaran, Iran were evaluated. Ophthalmological examinations were first performed at the beginning of the study and then four months later; demographic and clinical characteristics were obtained for all patients. Additionally, depression was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for all patients during the study period. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between the mean depression score in patients without cataract (3.28), patients with cataract surgery (3.74), and patients without cataract surgery (5.60) (P = 0.024). On the other hand, there was no statistically significant differences between the mean depression score in patients with cataract surgery and patients without cataract (P = 0.582). However, a statistically significant difference was observed between the mean depression score after cataract surgery in men (1.70) and women (4.94) (P < 0.001). Visual function improved in all bilateral cataract patients who had surgery in one eye. Also, the results of this study showed that in all unilateral cataract patients who had eye surgery, visual function in the left and right eyes improved. Conclusion: We conclude that depression is more prevalent in patients with cataract compared to those without cataract. In addition, cataract surgery seems to be associated with reduced depression and better visual acuity in elderly patients with cataract.

Correlation Between Duration of Hemodialysis and Depression in Chronic Kidney Disease

Depression is commonly found in stage 5 CKD patients. However, depression in HD patients is usually neglected, underdiagnosed, and remains untreated. Duration of HD is reported to be significantly correlated with depression. Previously, there were several similar studies with varying results. This study is needed to detect depression and give early intervention to reduce hospitalization rates and patient mortality. This study aims to find the correlation between the duration of hemodialysis and depression in CKD patients. A cross-sectional was carried out on 52 patients with CKD undergoing HD in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital using consecutive sampling. Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) questionnaire was used to measure the depression score. Data were analyzed with the Pearson correlation test. This study showed a significant negative correlation between the duration of hemodialysis and depression (p =0.005, p > 0,05; r= -0.094). Duration of hemodialysis was significantly correlated with depression. The longer duration of hemodialysis, the lower score of depression. Periodic evaluation of HD patients for depression is needed for early intervention to reduce morbidity.

Efficacy of Sertraline Combined with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Adolescent Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective. The efficacy of antidepressant drugs combined with psychotherapy is controversial; hence, this meta-analysis was conducted to assess the efficacy of the combination therapy. Methods. Relevant literature was searched in PubMed, Web of Science and Embase, Chinese databases CNKI, and WanFang Data. We included the literature on the comparison of the sertraline combined with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and each treatment alone for adolescent depression published in 2000-2021. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata16.0 software. Results. A total of 421 relevant articles were retrieved, and 14 studies were finally included. In comparison with the control group (sertraline), sertraline combined with CBT achieved higher response rate ( OR = 5.07 , 95% CI: 3.00, 8.58) and lower incidence of adverse reactions ( OR = 0.43 , 95% CI: 0.24, 0.75). Before treatment, there were no significant differences in depression score, anxiety score, and symptom self-rating scale score between the two groups. After treatment, depression score ( SMD = − 2.79 , 95% CI: -3.64, -1.94), anxiety score ( SMD = − 1.22 , 95% CI: -1.96, -0.47), and symptom self-rating scale score ( SMD = − 1.73 , 95% CI: -3.19, -0.27) were significantly lower in the combined treatment group than in the control group. Conclusion. Although the number of comparative trials is small, this study shows that sertraline is effective for adolescent depression, but sertraline combined with CBT is more effective. The latter can significantly reduce the incidence of depressive symptoms, anxiety, and adverse reactions in patients. Therefore, this combination therapy is recommended for the clinical treatment of adolescent depression.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RATIONAL EMOTIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY (REBT) MODULE ON DELINQUENT ADOLESCENTS’ DEPRESSION IN TUNAS BAKTI SCHOOL

Delinquent adolescents with depressive disorder have a higher number than the general adolescent population. Depression is associated with negative behavior and moral misconduct that can endanger themselves and society. Thus, this study aims to identify the effectiveness of the Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) module in overcoming depression among delinquent adolescents. This study involved a total of 100 adolescents age between 15 to 20 who were detained under the juvenile justice system at Sekolah Tunas Bakti (STB), Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur. All respondents were selected using simple random sampling and divided into two groups, namely the treatment group (n = 50) who received therapy using the REBT module, and the control group (n = 50) who were not given the same therapy. ANCOVA repeated measure was used to identify the significant changes in depression score between groups. The results of the analysis showed that there were significant differences between groups. Adolescents who were received therapy using the REBT module showed lower depression scores than adolescents from the control group. This study provides an important finding as an alternative intervention therapy to be used by the therapists and the trainers at the juvenile rehabilitation center in promoting adolescents’ positive emotions.

Multidomain Social Determinants of Depressive Symptoms for the Elderly with Chronic Diseases: Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

Elderly individuals with chronic diseases (CDs) have a much higher risk of mental disorders, especially depression. This study aimed to identify the multidomain social determinants of occurrence and degree of depressive symptoms for the Chinese elderly with CDs. Data of 3438 elderly individuals (aged over 60 years) with CDs were drawn from the fourth wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study implemented in 2018. Logistic regression was used to describe associations with the occurrence of depressive symptoms within and across multidomain social determinants (demographic, economic, neighborhood, environmental, and social and cultural). The Shapley value decomposition method was used to measure the relative importance of variables of the five domains. A quantile regression model was used to test how the effects of social factors vary across different points of depression score distributions. Approximately 40.1% of Chinese elderly individuals with CDs reported depressive symptoms. Respondents who were female, had a low income, experienced a disability, lived in rural areas, and were not engaged in work had a higher probability of suffering from depressive symptoms. Conversely, increased age, being covered by social security and being well-educated had a protective effect. Data also showed that the effects of these associated factors varied across different points of depression score distributions. The fact that socially disadvantaged people are more vulnerable to severe depressive symptoms implies that psychological health services and intervention strategies should target this population.