scholarly journals The Prosody of Rhetorical and Information-Seeking Questions in German

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 779-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Braun ◽  
Nicole Dehé ◽  
Jana Neitsch ◽  
Daniela Wochner ◽  
Katharina Zahner
Keyword(s):  
Information Seeking ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Question Type ◽  
High Rise ◽  
High Plateau ◽  
Wh Questions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Rhetorical Questions ◽  
The Way

This paper reports on the prosody of rhetorical questions (RQs) and information-seeking questions (ISQs) in German for two question types—polar questions and constituent questions (henceforth “ wh-questions”). The results are as follows: Phonologically, polar RQs were mainly realized with H-% (high plateau), while polar ISQs mostly ended in H-^H% (high-rise). Wh-RQs almost exclusively terminated in a low edge tone, whereas wh-ISQs allowed for more tonal variation (L-%, L-H%, H-^H%). Irrespective of question type, RQs were mainly produced with L*+H accents. Phonetically, RQs were more often realized with breathy voice quality than ISQs, in particular in the beginning of the interrogative. Furthermore, they were produced with longer constituent durations than ISQs, in particular at the end of the interrogative. While the difference between RQs and ISQs is reflected in the intonational terminus of the utterance, this does not happen in the way suggested in the semantic literature, and in addition, accent type and phonetic parameters also play a role. Crucially, a simple distinction between rising and falling intonation is insufficient to capture the realization of the different illocution types (RQs, ISQs), against frequent claims in the semantic and pragmatic literature. We suggest alternative ways to interpret the findings.

scholarly journals Adaptação acústico-prosódica local em Português Europeu

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-94
Author(s):  
Vera Cabarrão ◽  
Fernando Batista ◽  
Helena Moniz ◽  
Isabel Trancoso ◽  
Ana Isabel Mata
Keyword(s):  
Voice Quality ◽  
Discourse Markers ◽  
European Portuguese ◽  
Wh Questions ◽  
Tag Questions ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Cue Words

This paper presents an acoustic-prosodic analysis of entrainment in map-task dialogues in European Portuguese. Our main goal is to analyze how turn-by-turn entrainment varies with distinct structural metadata events: types of sentence-like units (SUs) in consecutive turns (e.g. interrogatives followed by declaratives, or both declaratives), and with the presence of discourse markers, affirmative cue words, and disfluencies in the beginning of turns. Results show that entrainment at turn-exchanges occurs in terms of pitch, energy, duration, and voice quality. Considering SUs types, question-answer pairs are the ones with stronger similarity, as declarative-interrogative turns are the ones where less entrainment occurs. Moreover, in question-answer pairs, Yes/No and Tag questions present stronger evidences of entrainment than Wh- questions. Regarding turn-initial structures, there are evidences of (i) stronger entrainment when the second turn begins with an affirmative cue word, (ii) less strong with ambiguous structures (such as ‘OK’), emphatic affirmative answers, and negative cue words; (iii) and scarce with disfluencies and discourse markers. Different degrees of local entrainment may be related to the informative structure of distinct structural metadata events.

scholarly journals Wer kann denn schon ja sagen?

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-298
Author(s):  
Yvonne Viesel ◽  
Constantin Freitag
Keyword(s):  
Information Seeking ◽  
Exploratory Analysis ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Discourse Particles ◽  
Wh Questions ◽  
Shared Information ◽  
Rhetorical Questions ◽  
Rhetorical Reading ◽  
Acceptability Judgment

Abstract The article explores German discourse particles (DiPs) in rhetorical wh-questions (wh-RQs). While schon (roughly ‘unexpectedly’) only marks rhetorical wh-questions, denn (roughly ‘I wonder’) marks contextually arising information-seeking or rhetorical Questions under Discussion (QuDs), with or without schon. Since ja (roughly ‘unquestionably’) marks shared information, it is incompatible with questions by itself, but occasionally occurs in wh-RQs left of DiPs like schon instead of denn. The results of two acceptability judgment experiments confirm that ja is strongly dispreferred in RQs, the presence of schon improves RQs with and without ja, and denn has no effect on acceptability. A follow-up study further indicated the rhetorical reading of our target questions to prevail independently from DiPs. We conclude that ja in RQs operates on the information contributed by elements like schon, denoting roughly that the issue in question arises ‘unquestionably against expectations’. Our contexts were neutral regarding the discourse functions of ja and denn (side remarks vs. QuDs), unlike the contexts of the findings, from which we deduce that the marked ja schon-RQs, while grammatical, require specific felicity conditions. A first attempt to confirm this experimentally was globally unsuccessful and could only reveal potential hints in an exploratory analysis.

scholarly journals The prosody of rhetorical questions in English

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
NICOLE DEHÉ ◽  
BETTINA BRAUN
Keyword(s):  
Information Seeking ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Pitch Accent ◽  
Semantic Difference ◽  
Production Experiment ◽  
Rhetorical Questions ◽  
Pitch Accents

This article contributes to our knowledge about the prosodic realisation of rhetorical questions (RQs) as compared to information-seeking questions (ISQs). It reports on a production experiment testing the prosody of English wh- and polar RQs and ISQs in a Canadian variety. In previous literature, the contribution of prosody to the distinction between the two illocution types has often been limited to the intonational realisation of the terminus of the utterance, i.e. whether it ends in a rise or a fall. Along with edge tones, we tested other phonological and phonetic parameters. Our results are as follows: (i) The intonational terminus was distinctive only for polar questions (rise vs plateau), not for wh-questions (low throughout). (ii) Moreover, the semantic difference between RQs and ISQs is signalled by pitch accents. It is reflected in nuclear pitch accent type for wh-questions, and accent type and position for polar questions. (iii) Phonetically, RQs are produced with longer constituent durations and – for wh-questions – a softer voice quality in the wh-word. Taken together, several intonational categories and phonetic parameters contribute to the distinction between RQs and ISQs. A simple distinction between rising and falling intonation is in any case insufficient.

scholarly journals W-Wort-Verdoppelung im Schweizerdeutschen

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natascha Frey
Keyword(s):  
Information Structure ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
Question Type ◽  
Left Periphery ◽  
Swiss German ◽  
German Dialects ◽  
Wh Questions ◽  
Normal Sentence ◽  
Rhetorical Questions ◽  
German Data

In some Swiss German dialects, wh-questions can show the wh-word at the end of the sentence in addition to its 'normal' sentence initial position. This phenomenon called wh-doubling raises some puzzling questions for linguistic theories, such as: what kind of processes are involved in wh-doubling (syntactic, phonological)? Does wh-doubling enrich the poor left periphery of Swiss German? Why do speakers use an additional wh-word that seems to be absolutely superfluous? I will argue that wh-doubling depends on the information structure of the question, more specifically on the function of the wh-word as a focus constituent. Wh-doubling is also used in a special type of rhetorical questions in Swiss High German where in addition to doubling wh-words undergo diminutive formation and reduplication. My paper pursues two main goals: (i) to give a detailed description of wh-doubling constructions with regard to geographical distribution and question type (rhetorical, alternative, echo etc.); (ii) to present syntactic analyses of similar wh-doubling phenomena in other languages considering their application to Swiss German data.

Klein with Lacan: A Study on the Reception of Lacanian Ideas in Uruguay and Its Effects on Clinical Practices (1955–82)

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-361
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Grau-Pérez ◽  
J. Guillermo Milán
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Material ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Discursive Approach ◽  
The Way ◽  
Clinical Cases

In Uruguay, Lacanian ideas arrived in the 1960s, into a context of Kleinian hegemony. Adopting a discursive approach, this study researched the initial reception of these ideas and its effects on clinical practices. We gathered a corpus of discursive data from clinical cases and theoretical-doctrinal articles (from the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s). In order to examine the effects of Lacanian ideas, we analysed the difference in the way of interpreting the clinical material before and after Lacan's reception. The results of this research illuminate some epistemological problems of psychoanalysis, especially the relationship between theory and clinical practice.

Ragam Qiraat Al-Qur'an

SUHUF ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-72
Author(s):  
Ahmad Fathoni
Keyword(s):  
The Third ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Way

The object of the study of the knowledge of the variety of the Quranic reading  is the  Qur'an itself. The focus is on the difference of the reading and its articulation. The method is based on the riwayat or narration which is originated from the Prophet (Rasulullah saw) and its use is to be one of the instruments to keep the originality of the Qur’an. The validity of the reading the Qur’an is to be judged based on the valid chain  (sanad ¡a¥ī¥)  in accord with the Rasm U£mānÄ« as well as with the  Arabic grammar. Whereas the qualification of its originality is divided into six stages as follow: the first is mutawātir, the second is masyhÅ«r, the third is āhād, the fourth is syaz, the fifth is maudū‘, and the six is mudraj. Of this six catagories, the readings which can be included in the catagory of mutawātir are Qiraat Sab‘ah (the seven readings) and Qiraat ‘Asyrah  (the ten readings). To study this knowledge of reading the Qur’an (ilmu qiraat), one is advised to know about special terms being used such as  qiraat  (readings), riwayat (narration), tarÄ«q (the way), wajh (aspect), mÄ«m jama‘, sukÅ«n mÄ«m jama‘ and many others.

Through the Lens of Gadamer’s Hermeneutics: In comparison between Amina Wadud’s and Mohammed Talbi’s Interpretations of Q. 4:34

SUHUF ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-214
Author(s):  
Afifur Rochman Sya'rani
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Married Couple ◽  
Contextual Approach ◽  
The Status ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Muslim Scholars ◽  
The Way

Most of traditional Muslim exegetes interpret Q. 4:34 in terms of maintaining the superiority of men over women. Some progressive Muslim scholars then insist a contextual approach to the verse to criticize gender inequality. Among some progressive Muslim scholars, this article comparatively examines the interpretations of Amina Wadud and Mohammed Talbi of Q. 4:34. Although both of them propose a contextual reading of the verse, they have different intellectual background, approach and method in interpreting the Qur’ān. The questions are to what extent the similarities and differences of both Wadud’s and Talbi’s interpretation of Q. 4:34 and how far their interpretations reflect their respective intention and perspective? Applying Gadamer’s hermeneutical approach, the article concludes that [1] Both Wadud and Talbi argue that the verse does not establish the superiority of men over women, but acknowledges duties division among married couple; [2] the difference among their interpretations is on the status of relationship among married couple; [3] Wadud’s and Talbi’s interpretations represent their respective hermeneutical situations and the way they define ontologically the nature of  interpretation and Qur’anic hermeneutics affect on producing the meanings of the verse.

Ronald Coase and the Difference between Markets and Firms

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham A. Singer
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Cost ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Transaction Cost Economics ◽  
Theory Of The Firm ◽  
Tabular Form ◽  
Specific Investment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Marginal Revolution ◽  
The Way

This chapter reviews the development of transaction cost economics and unpacks its theory of the firm. The chapter begins with the marginal revolution in economics and how it altered the way economists understood the corporation. It then reviews the work of Ronald Coase and Oliver Williamson, explaining how they provided a novel account of firms. Transaction cost economics emphasizes how firms use hierarchy and bureaucracy to overcome problems of opportunism and asset-specific investment to coordinate some types of economic activity more efficiently than markets can. The transaction cost account of the corporation’s productivity component is shown in tabular form in comparison with its historical forerunners reviewed in the previous chapter.

scholarly journals Characterization of affine ruled surfaces

1997 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Włodzimierz Jelonek
Keyword(s):  
Shape Operator ◽  
Ruled Surfaces ◽  
Affine Sphere ◽  
Affine Surface ◽  
Codazzi Tensor ◽  
Difference Tensor ◽  
The Difference ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Affine Metric

The aim of this paper is to give certain conditions characterizing ruled affine surfaces in terms of the Blaschke structure (∇, h, S) induced on a surface (M, f) in ℝ3. The investigation of affine ruled surfaces was started by W. Blaschke in the beginning of our century (see [1]). The description of affine ruled surfaces can be also found in the book [11], [3] and [7]. Ruled extremal surfaces are described in [9]. We show in the present paper that a shape operator S is a Codazzi tensor with respect to the Levi-Civita connection ∇ of affine metric h if and only if (M, f) is an affine sphere or a ruled surface. Affine surfaces with ∇S = 0 are described in [2] (see also [4]). We also show that a surface which is not an affine sphere is ruled iff im(S - HI) =ker(S - HI) and ket(S - HI) ⊂ ker dH. Finally we prove that an affine surface with indefinite affine metric is a ruled affine sphere if and only if the difference tensor K is a Codazzi tensor with respect to ∇.

ETUDE DU POUVOIR NUTRITIF EN PHOSPHORE DE CERTAINS SOLS DU QUEBEC A L'AIDE DU 32P

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-291
Author(s):  
B. TOUATI ◽  
C. PLENCHETTE ◽  
M. TABI
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
K Value ◽  
Type Experiment ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Way

In a pot-type experiment with ryegrass, 32P was used to label isotopically exchangeable soil phosphorus as well as a phosphate fertilizer. The tagging of both forms of phosphorus enable us to determine the pool (L) for soil reserves and the A value which is the availability of these reserves in the presence of fertilizer. The authors establish correlations between the ratio K = L/A and the assimilable phosphorus as determined by the Bray II method, and also between K and the "extra" phosphorus. The authors state that the latter was the difference between the plant phosphorus with and without fertilizer. From this study it is concluded: (1) that the K value seems to be a better criterion than the amount of assimilable phosphorus to estimate the phosphorus fertility of a soil; (2) that the study of the variation of the K value according to the soil types informs us about the reserves behavior and about the way of nutrition for the plant. The calculation of the K value is aimed toward a more adequate fertilization for given types of soil.

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