Chapter II. The World Economy

1968 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 15-28
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
The United States ◽  
European Countries ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Downward Movement ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The growth of production in the industrial countries seems to have been less rapid in the second quarter. It must be expected to slow down further under the impact of the measures taken in the United States to reduce the budgetary deficit. We still expect the rise in the combined national outputs of the industrial countries to be around 4½ per cent this year, but on present policies it may be no more than 3½ per cent in 1969 and a good deal less than this in the twelve months to mid-1969. Unemployment is still high by the standards of most recent years; its downward movement appears to have been checked again or even reversed in a number of European countries and its general tendency over the next twelve months is likely to be upward, particularly in the United States.

Chapter III. The World Economy

1976 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 33-63
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World

The fall in output in the industrial countries in 1975 was substantially greater than we and most other observers foresaw a year ago.After big revisions of the national accounts for the United States, the fall in aggregate output in the member countries of OECD now works out a good deal smaller on our estimates than it did in November. But the final figure still seems likely to be close to 1¾ per cent, compared with our February forecast of ½ per cent. For industrial production we were much wider of the mark, the actual decline being 8–9 per cent as against the 2 per cent that we predicted. Geographically our error was heavily concentrated among the major European countries including the United Kingdom—on the latest figures we actually under-predicted United States output by a substantial amount—and it appears to have sprung from two main sources.

Chapter II. The World Economy

1974 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 23-37
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Economic Position

The world economic position and prospects have worsened further in the last three months. In the United States and Japan, in particular, recessionary conditions are proving to be more marked and more prolonged than we had expected, and it looks as though by the end of the year all the major industrial countries, with the possible exception of France, will have experienced at least one quarter in which output has fallen or at best shown no appreciable rise. The other developed countries have fared better, but we no longer expect there to be any growth of output in the OECD area either in the second half of the year or in the year as a whole. In 1975 the position should be rather better, at least by the second half. We expect OECD countries' aggregate GNP to grow by about 2 per cent year-on-year and nearly 3 per cent between the fourth quarters of 1974 and 1975.

Chapter II. The World Economy

1971 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 22-35
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
The World ◽  
Real Growth

Developments in the world economy have on the whole been much as we predicted in February. It is becoming increasingly clear that renewed expansion is under way in the United States at a pace which, even if it falls short of the Administration's hopes, is more than compensating for the slowing down in industrial countries outside North America. This deceleration has become quite marked in Japan as well as Western Europe, but we expect a faster pace to be resumed before the end of the year. We still put real growth in OECD countries at around 4 per cent in 1971, unless there is a prolonged steel strike in the United States. This compares with about 2½ per cent last year, and we expect the rising trend to continue into 1972.

scholarly journals Matrix Hard - The Impact of Technological, Economic and Social Indicators on Productivity and Competitiveness

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Marina Popa ◽  
Maia Pisaniuc
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Productivity And Competitiveness ◽  
Economic And Social Indicators

The objective of this research is to demonstrate the impact of technological, economic and social indicators on productivity and competitiveness through the HARD Matrix method, proposed by the European Commission. The level of economic development of different countries, as well as the degree of diversification and specialization of their world production, determines the degree of integration of national economies in the world economy that differs considerably by country and group of countries. The expansion and amplification of the internationalization process have substantially changed the place and role of each state in the world economy. Due to this process, today's world economy is no longer a simple sum of economies put in contact, but a global-universal system, unitary through the interrelationships between the component subsystems and its extremely heterogeneous structure. In the twenty first-century, the process of amplifying innovation, the net economy, and the Covid 19 pandemic have shaped new trends in the world countries and determined the balance of power between the three great empires of the world – the United States, the European Union, and China. At the same time, there are no similar links between the United States, the European Union and China, they do not share the same culture, do not share the same geographic space, and do not use the same models of economic development, but all of them consider innovation, sophisticated business, technology, safe tools in promoting economic growth and competitiveness.

Chapter III. The World Economy

1978 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 35-56
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
Complete Data ◽  
Aggregate Production ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World

The growth of output in the industrial countries continues to lag behind their oflicial targets and our own expectations (see the appendix). More complete data confirm our February estimate that aggregate production in the OECD area increased by only about 3½ per cent in 1977, leaving unemployment higher at the end of the year than at the beginning in all major countries other than the United States. Even allowing for measures of fiscal stimulation in most of the major countries we do not expect much change in either 1978 or 1979. Growth should be rather faster in Western Europe (particularly this year in the United Kingdom and next year in France, Italy and some of the smaller countries), but we expect these accelerations to be roughly balanced by progressively smaller increases in output in the United States.

Chapter II. The World Economy

1967 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 17-27
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
World Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Trading Partners

The economic situation among the industrial countries has been developing less favourably than we envisaged in May. In the second quarter there seems to have been only a modest recovery in output in the United States and a further decline in West Germany. The sluggishness of demand in these two countries is having repercussions on the economies of some of their chief trading partners, and for the industrial countries as a whole there was probably little change in industrial production in the second quarter.

Chapter II. The World Economy

1975 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 25-40
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
World Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
West Germany ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World

The recession had probably reached its trough by the middle of the year. Total output in the United States hardly changed in the second quarter and the industrial component began to rise slightly in June, while in Japan industrial production has been increasing since March. On the other hand it now appears that in a number of other industrial countries, notably France and West Germany, output in the early months of the year was substantially lower than we suggested in May and the decline in OECD's aggregate GDP will probably be of the order of 2–2½ per cent for 1975 as a whole. In 1976 we now expect an increase of nearly 5 per cent.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF CHINESE-AMERICAN TRADE RELATIONS ON CHINA's FOREIGN POLICY RELATING TO THE USA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Jiang Junjing
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
China’S Foreign Policy ◽  
The Impact

Based on a wide range of sources, the article analyzes the impact of China's trade and economic relations with the United States. Several periods of interaction between countries after the end of World War II are considered. Special attention is paid to the period of restoration of diplomatic relations since 1979. Based on various sources and historiography, the author analyzes the researchers' points of view on the impact of economic issues on the relations between the two countries. In the course of the research, the author came to the conclusion that an important aspect in the direction of the foreign economic policy of the People’s Republic of China in the first post-war years was the ideological factor. The article presents an analysis of changes in the vector of China's foreign policy in different periods. The main ways of interaction between the United States and China are described, depending on changing foreign policy doctrines. The reforms launched in 1978 provided China with economic growth and a growing prestige on the world stage, which is still present today. The rapprochement between the United States and China after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 brought certain economic benefits for the two countries. However, the aggravation of relations between the countries in the new Millennium provides an opportunity for new assessments of the PRC's position on the world stage. Trump’s coming to power in the United States is regarded as an economic war between the two countries. China's increased investment capacity and technological independence make it an attractive partner for other countries, which in turn has a negative impact on trade with America. The most important thing in this situation is the fact that the globalization of the world economy caused by scientific and technological progress, including the rather close interweaving of the US and Chinese economies, contradicts the national interests of both countries, which are trying to strengthen their positions and role in the world economy. Based on the analyzed material, the author comes to the conclusion that recently the foreign policy relations between China and the United States directly depend on the economic interests of the parties.

Chapter II. The World Economy

1972 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 26-39
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
North America ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
Real Output ◽  
Sharp Rise ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
The World

Production in the industrial countries has been increasing a little faster than we suggested in May—notably in the United States, where there was a sharp rise in the rate of economic growth in the second quarter. But our forecast of the growth in the aggregate real output of the members of OECD is still in the 5-5½ per cent range for this year. We put it a little higher for 1973, when we expect a slightly slower rate of expansion in North America to be outweighed by faster growth in Japan and Western Europe.

Chapter II. The World Economy

1969 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 24-39
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
National Output ◽  
Substantial Rise

There was another substantial rise in output in industrial countries between the second and third quarters. But during the third quarter the deceleration of economic growth in the United States became more marked and showed signs of spreading to Canada and Western Europe. Developments have been broadly consistent with our August forecast and we still expect the aggregate national output of the industrial countries to be higher by about 4½ per cent in 1969 than it was in 1968 and to rise by another 3-4 per cent in 1970. It now looks as though we were rather too optimistic about prospects in the United States, where the increase is unlikely to exceed 3 per cent this year and may not reach 2 per cent in 1970. On the other hand growth in Western Europe is still tending to surpass expectations. Despite the Italian strikes it will probably be over 5½ per cent this year; and it may exceed 4½ per cent in 1970.

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