scholarly journals Infectious Disease Hospitalizations Among American Indian/Alaska Native and Non–American Indian/Alaska Native Persons in Alaska, 2010-2011

2016 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabhu P. Gounder ◽  
Robert C. Holman ◽  
Sara M. Seeman ◽  
Alice J. Rarig ◽  
Mary McEwen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
American Indian ◽  
Alaska Native ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Common Reason ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Public Health Programs ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
Population Rate

Objective: Reports about infectious disease (ID) hospitalization rates among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons have been constrained by data limited to the tribal health care system and by comparisons with the general US population. We used a merged state database to determine ID hospitalization rates in Alaska. Methods: We combined 2010 and 2011 hospital discharge data from the Indian Health Service and the Alaska State Inpatient Database. We used the merged data set to calculate average annual age-adjusted and age-specific ID hospitalization rates for AI/AN and non-AI/AN persons in Alaska. We stratified the ID hospitalization rates by sex, age, and ID diagnosis. Results: ID diagnoses accounted for 19% (6501 of 34 160) of AI/AN hospitalizations, compared with 12% (7397 of 62 059) of non-AI/AN hospitalizations. The average annual age-adjusted hospitalization rate was >3 times higher for AI/AN persons (2697 per 100 000 population) than for non-AI/AN persons (730 per 100 000 population; rate ratio = 3.7, P < .001). Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), which occurred in 38% (2486 of 6501) of AI/AN persons, was the most common reason for ID hospitalization. AI/AN persons were significantly more likely than non-AI/AN persons to be hospitalized for LRTI (rate ratio = 5.2, P < .001). Conclusions: A substantial disparity in ID hospitalization rates exists between AI/AN and non-AI/AN persons, and the most common reason for ID hospitalization among AI/AN persons was LRTI. Public health programs and policies that address the risk factors for LRTI are likely to benefit AI/AN persons.

scholarly journals Longer-term Direct and Indirect Effects of Infant Rotavirus Vaccination Across All Ages in the United States in 2000–2013: Analysis of a Large Hospital Discharge Data Set

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 976-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M Baker ◽  
Jacqueline E Tate ◽  
Claudia A Steiner ◽  
Michael J Haber ◽  
Umesh D Parashar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Large Hospital ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccination ◽  
Hospitalization Rates

Abstract Background Rotavirus disease rates dramatically declined among children &lt;5 years of age since the rotavirus vaccine was introduced in 2006; population-level impacts remain to be fully elucidated. Methods Data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases were used to conduct a time-series analysis of monthly hospital discharges across age groups for acute gastroenteritis and rotavirus from 2000 to 2013. Rate ratios were calculated comparing prevaccine and postvaccine eras. Results Following vaccine introduction, a decrease in rotavirus hospitalizations occurred with a shift toward biennial patterns across all ages. The 0–4-year age group experienced the largest decrease in rotavirus hospitalizations (rate ratio, 0.14; 95% confidence interval, .09–.23). The 5–19-year and 20–59-year age groups experienced significant declines in rotavirus hospitalization rates overall; the even postvaccine calendar years were characterized by progressively lower rates, and the odd postvaccine years were associated with reductions in rates that diminished over time. Those aged ≥60 years experienced the smallest change in rotavirus hospitalization rates overall, with significant reductions in even postvaccine years compared with prevaccine years (rate ratio, 0.51; 95% confidence interval, .39–.66). Conclusions Indirect impacts of infant rotavirus vaccination are apparent in the emergence of biennial patterns in rotavirus hospitalizations that extend to all age groups ineligible for vaccination. These observations are consistent with the notion that young children are of primary importance in disease transmission and that the initial postvaccine period of dramatic population-wide impacts will be followed by more complex incidence patterns across the age range in the long term.

scholarly journals Influenza Hospitalizations Among American Indian/Alaska Native People and in the United States General Population

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabhu P. Gounder ◽  
Laura S. Callinan ◽  
Robert C. Holman ◽  
Po-Yung Cheng ◽  
Michael G. Bruce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
American Indian ◽  
Alaska Native ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hospitalization Rate ◽  
Native People ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
Laboratory Surveillance

Abstract Background.  Historically, American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) people have experienced a disproportionate burden of infectious disease morbidity compared with the general US population. We evaluated whether a disparity in influenza hospitalizations exists between AI/AN people and the general US population. Methods.  We used Indian Health Service hospital discharge data (2001–2011) for AI/AN people and 13 State Inpatient Databases (2001–2008) to provide a comparison to the US population. Hospitalization rates were calculated by respiratory year (July–June). Influenza-specific hospitalizations were defined as discharges with any influenza diagnoses. Influenza-associated hospitalizations were calculated using negative binomial regression models that incorporated hospitalization and influenza laboratory surveillance data. Results.  The mean influenza-specific hospitalization rate/100 000 persons/year during the 2001–2002 to 2007–2008 respiratory years was 18.6 for AI/AN people and 15.6 for the comparison US population. The age-adjusted influenza-associated hospitalization rate for AI/AN people (98.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 51.6–317.8) was similar to the comparison US population (58.2; CI, 34.7–172.2). By age, influenza-associated hospitalization rates were significantly higher among AI/AN infants (&lt;1 year) (1070.7; CI, 640.7–2969.5) than the comparison US infant population (210.2; CI, 153.5–478.5). Conclusions.  American Indian/Alaska Native people had higher influenza-specific hospitalization rates than the comparison US population; a significant influenza-associated hospitalization rate disparity was detected only among AI/AN infants because of the wide CIs inherent to the model. Taken together, the influenza-specific and influenza-associated hospitalization rates suggest that AI/AN people might suffer disproportionately from influenza illness compared with the general US population.

Infectious Disease Hospitalizations Among American Indian and Alaska Native Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. e176-e182 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Holman ◽  
A. T. Curns ◽  
J. E. Cheek ◽  
R. J. Singleton ◽  
L. J. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
American Indian ◽  
Alaska Native

scholarly journals Infectious Disease Hospitalizations among Older American Indian and Alaska Native Adults

2006 ◽  
Vol 121 (6) ◽  
pp. 674-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Holman ◽  
Aaron T. Curns ◽  
Rosalyn J. Singleton ◽  
James J. Sejvar ◽  
Jay C. Butler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
American Indian ◽  
Alaska Native

scholarly journals Disparities in Infectious Disease Hospitalizations for American Indian/Alaska Native People

2011 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Holman ◽  
Arianne M. Folkema ◽  
Rosalyn J. Singleton ◽  
John T. Redd ◽  
Krista Y. Christensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
American Indian ◽  
Alaska Native ◽  
Native People

scholarly journals Infectious Disease Hospitalizations, New York City, 2001-2014

2020 ◽  
Vol 135 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-598
Author(s):  
Chaorui C. Huang ◽  
David E. Lucero ◽  
Sungwoo Lim ◽  
Yihong Zhao ◽  
Robert J. Arciuolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Hospitalization Rate ◽  
Hospital Death ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
The Mean

Objective Hospital discharge data are a means of monitoring infectious diseases in a population. We investigated rates of infectious disease hospitalizations in New York City. Methods We analyzed data for residents discharged from New York State hospitals with a principal diagnosis of an infectious disease during 2001-2014 by using the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System. We calculated annual age-adjusted hospitalization rates and the percentage of hospitalizations in which in-hospital death occurred. We examined diagnoses by site of infection or sepsis and by pathogen type. Results During 2001-2014, the mean annual age-adjusted rate of infectious disease hospitalizations in New York City was 1661.6 (95% CI, 1659.2-1663.9) per 100 000 population; the mean annual age-adjusted hospitalization rate decreased from 2001-2003 to 2012-2014 (rate ratio = 0.9; 95% CI, 0.9-0.9). The percentage of in-hospital death during 2001-2014 was 5.9%. The diagnoses with the highest mean annual age-adjusted hospitalization rates among all sites of infection and sepsis diagnoses were the lower respiratory tract, followed by sepsis. From 2001-2003 to 2012-2014, the mean annual age-adjusted hospitalization rate per 100 000 population for HIV decreased from 123.1 (95% CI, 121.7-124.5) to 40.0 (95% CI, 39.2-40.7) and for tuberculosis decreased from 10.2 (95% CI, 9.8-10.6) to 4.6 (95% CI, 4.4-4.9). Conclusions Although hospital discharge data are subject to limitations, particularly for tracking sepsis, lower respiratory tract infections and sepsis are important causes of infectious disease hospitalizations in New York City. Hospitalizations for HIV infection and tuberculosis appear to be declining.

Speech-Language Assessment Considerations for American Indian and Alaska Native Children Who Are Dual Language Learners

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (14) ◽  
pp. 29-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Vining ◽  
Edgarita Long ◽  
Ella Inglebret ◽  
Megan Brendal
Keyword(s):  
American Indian ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Alaska Native ◽  
Dual Language ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Language Assessment ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Dual Language Learners ◽  
Native Communities

The overrepresentation of American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) children in special education, including children who are dual language learners (DLLs), is a major concern. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) can play a critical role in reducing this overrepresentation. Using a holistic assessment process that is responsive to the communication patterns of home and community contexts provides a framework for distinguishing actual language disorders from differences associated with cultural and linguistic diversity. This article presents current trends in Native communities that may impact the speech-language assessment process, including a shift from indigenous languages to English and/or Native language revitalization efforts. It also provides a framework for guiding assessment in a manner that considers cultural and linguistic factors in speech-language assessment for AI/AN children who are DLLs.

Abuse, mastery, and health among lesbian, bisexual, and two-spirit American Indian and Alaska Native women.

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (S) ◽  
pp. 53-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keren Lehavot ◽  
Karina L. Walters ◽  
Jane M. Simoni
Keyword(s):  
American Indian ◽  
Alaska Native ◽  
Native Women ◽  
Two Spirit
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