Fashion clothing with electromagnetic radiation protection: aesthetic properties and performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (21-22) ◽  
pp. 2504-2521
Author(s):  
Veronika Tunakova ◽  
Maros Tunak ◽  
Pavla Tesinova ◽  
Marie Seidlova ◽  
Jiri Prochazka
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Electromagnetic Shielding ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Digital Printing ◽  
Color Fastness ◽  
Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Metal Fiber ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Negative Effect

At present, much attention is focused on developing clothing fabrics with advanced functionality without compromising their visual, mechanical, or comfort properties. A fabric’s ability to prevent the penetration of electromagnetic radiation is an interesting added feature. In the published literature, there are many references describing the development and investigation of electromagnetic shielding textile structures using different electrically conductive additives. However, little attention has been given to the aesthetic and comfort properties of these special fabrics. Moreover, the availability of everyday fashion containing electromagnetic radiation protection is very limited. For this study, woven fabric made from a mixture of traditional fibers and extremely thin discrete stainless steel fibers developed in the authors’ previous research was used as a substrate. The fabric was digitally printed to provide an interesting design effect suitable for use in clothing and for making clothes for everyday wear. The main objective of this work is to determine whether digital printing is a suitable tool for changing the color and pattern of this metal fiber-containing fabric. The individual goals are (a) to examine the fabric’s color fastness to washing and (b) to investigate whether the surface modification of the fabric adversely affects its functionality. Results show that it is possible to change the color and pattern of metal fiber-containing fabric by digital printing easily, whereas the associated decrease of porosity causes an increase of this special fabric functionality. The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the fabric after printing is around 33 dB for frequency 1.5 GHz. However, washing has a negative effect, causing both the electromagnetic shielding ability decrease (to 27 dB for frequency 1.5 GHz after 20 washing and drying cycles) and color fading (the color fastness grade is around 1–2 after 20 washing and drying cycles). Furthermore, the basic transport properties of printed electrically conductive fabric are compared with those of fabric made from traditional material and positive results are found. The incidence of pilling after washing is also evaluated, whereas the first pills are observed after the eighth washing and drying cycle. Finally, clothing prototypes that could be prepared from printed fabric are presented.

Electroless plating process for the manufacture of radiation protection suits for pregnant woman: Effect of bending on its electromagnetic shielding performance

2022 ◽  
pp. 152808372110682
Author(s):  
Chengmei Gui ◽  
Di Sun ◽  
Wenya Liu ◽  
Haodong Ma ◽  
Zhenming Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Woman ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Electroless Nickel ◽  
Electromagnetic Shielding ◽  
Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Blend Fiber ◽  
Negative Effect

Multi-ion fabrics (especially silver ion fabrics) have special advantages as electromagnetic radiation, but the use of noble metals enhances its cost. Electroless nickel plating (EP-Ni) has great potential application in fabricating low-cost metallized material. Here, EP-Ni on pure cotton surface to fabricate radiation protection suits for pregnant woman was established to replace traditional protection suits with silver film. The active groups on the cotton/polyester blend fiber surface could absorb tin and palladium ions, acting as catalytic centers, which can catalyze the reduction of Ni2+ in the plating solution. Ni particle with (111) crystal plane preferential oriented crystal structure deposited on cotton surface with a coarse microstructure. The Ni deposited amount is about 19%. The fabricated material exhibited a shielding effectiveness of 29.5 dB. Studies also shown that bending has no negative effect on crystallinity and electrical property. But more bending times could lead to crack, which would decline electromagnetic shielding performance by 24%.

A calculating method for the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of metal fiber blended fabric

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (9) ◽  
pp. 973-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranran Liang ◽  
Wenjuan Cheng ◽  
Hong Xiao ◽  
Meiwu Shi ◽  
Zhanghong Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calculation Model ◽  
Electromagnetic Shielding ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Theoretical Formula ◽  
Structure Model ◽  
Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Metal Fiber ◽  
Periodic Arrays ◽  
Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Periodic Spacing

In order to obtain a simple and accurate calculation method of shielding effectiveness for woven fabric containing metal fiber yarns, a conductive grid structure model composed of two parallel metal yarn periodic arrays was established. The two periodic arrays were cross-arrangement. The calculation formula of shielding effectiveness for the fabric was deduced through the transfer matrix of the electromagnetic field. The theoretical value of shielding effectiveness of the fabric using the theoretical formula and the measured value tested by the shielding chamber method were compared. Both sets of data were analyzed respectively from the metallic yarn periodic spacing, diameter, electric conductivity, electromagnetic wave polarization direction, and the weaving angle. The result shows that a reasonable agreement between the theoretical value and the measured value has been achieved in a frequency range from 4 to 14 GHz. This shows that the theoretical calculation model is simple, highly precise, and is valuable for the design and development of fabric containing metal fiber yarns. It can be used for estimating the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the fabric.

The effects of the structural parameters of three-dimensional warp interlock woven fabrics with silver-based hybrid yarns on electromagnetic shielding behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1354-1371
Author(s):  
Marzieh Javadi Toghchi ◽  
Carmen Loghin ◽  
Irina Cristian ◽  
Christine Campagne ◽  
Pascal Bruniaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Electromagnetic Shielding ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Conductive Material ◽  
Conductive Yarns ◽  
Multifilament Yarns

The main objective of the present study was to investigate the increase in the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) of a set of five variants of three-dimensional (3D) warp interlock woven fabrics containing silver multifilament yarns arranged in a 3D orthogonal grid. The EMSE enlargement as a factor of increasing the quantity of the conductive material per unit area was investigated. The quantity of the conductive material per unit area in a 3D woven fabric can be enlarged by increasing either the yarn undulation or the number of conductive yarn systems, while the yarn density and yarn fineness are fixed. Thus, the binding depth of the conductive warp was gradually increased for the first four variants in order to increase the yarn undulation. Alternatively, the conductive weft system was doubled for the last variant with the aim of increasing the quantity of the conductive component. It should be noted that changing the weave structure requires less effort and energy while keeping the same threading of warps in the reed compared to altering the warp density. The EMSE was measured in an anechoic chamber and the shielding was satisfactory for all the variants in the frequency range of 1–6 GHz (19–44 dB). The results revealed that increasing only 7% of the waviness degree of the conductive warps led to 17% EMSE improvement due to increasing of the conductive yarns through the thickness of the variants. Moreover, no upward EMSE was detected for the last variant, despite the fact that the conductive weft system was doubled.

scholarly journals The effects of metal type, number of layers, and hybrid yarn placement on the absorption and reflection properties in electromagnetic shielding of woven fabrics

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 155892501986096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilkan Özkan ◽  
Abdurrahman Telli
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Electromagnetic Shielding ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Power Ratio ◽  
Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Hybrid Yarn ◽  
Number Of Layers ◽  
Absorbed Power ◽  
Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness

In this study, stainless steel, copper, and silver wires were intermingled with two polyamide 6.6 filaments through the commingling technique to produce three-component hybrid yarns. The produced hybrid yarns were used as weft in the structure of plain woven fabric samples. The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness parameters of samples were measured in the frequency range of 0.8–5.2 GHz by the free space technique. The effects of metal hybrid yarn placement, number of fabric layers, metal types, and wave polarization on the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness and absorption and reflection properties of the woven fabrics were analyzed statistically at low and high frequencies separately. As a result, the samples have no shielding property in the warp direction. Metal types show no statistically significant effect on electromagnetic shielding effectiveness. However, fabrics containing stainless steel have a higher absorption power ratio than copper and silver samples. Double-layer samples have higher electromagnetic shielding effectiveness values than single-layer fabrics in both frequency ranges. However, the number of layers does not have a significant effect on the absorbed and reflected power in the range of 0.8–2.6 GHz. There was a significant difference above 2.6 GHz frequency for absorbed power ratio. An increase in the density of hybrid yarns in the fabric structure leads to an increase in the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness values. Two-metal placement has a higher absorbed power than the full and one-metal placements, respectively. The samples which have double layers and including metal wire were in their all wefts reached the maximum electromagnetic shielding effectiveness values for stainless steel (78.70 dB), copper (72.69 dB), and silver composite (57.50 dB) fabrics.

Multi-Functional Metallic/FIR-PET Wrapped Yarn and Woven Fabric: Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness, Mechanical and Electrical Properties

2015 ◽  
Vol 749 ◽  
pp. 265-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Horng Lin ◽  
Ting An Lin ◽  
Chien Teng Hsieh ◽  
Jan Yi Lin ◽  
Ching Wen Lou
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Copper Wire ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Electromagnetic Shielding ◽  
Surface Resistivity ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Best Value ◽  
Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness

This study uses 0.08mm copper wire and nickel-coated copper wire as the core and 75 D far infrared filament as the wrapped material to manufacture Cu/FIR-PET wrapped yarn, Ni-Cu/FIR-PET wrapped yarn and Ni-Cu/Cu/FIR-PET wrapped yarn. The three optimum metallic/FIR-PET wrapped yarns are then weaving into Cu/FIR-PET woven fabrics, Ni-Cu/FIR-PET woven fabrics and Ni-Cu/Cu/FIR-PET woven fabrics. Tensile property of metallic/FIR-PET wrapped yarns, electrical resistance of metallic/FIR-PET wrapped yarns, surface resistivity of metallic/FIR-PET woven fabrics and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of metallic/FIR-PET woven fabric are discussed. According to the results, the optimum tenacity and elongation are chosen as 7 turns/ cm, electrical resistance of Ni-Cu/Cu/FIR-PET wrapped presents the best value, Cu/FIR-PET woven fabric has the lowest surface resistivity and Ni-Cu/Cu/FIR-PET woven fabric shows the best EMSE at 37.61 dB when the laminating-layer number is double layer and laminating at 90 ̊. In this study, three kinds of metallic/FIR-PET woven fabrics are successfully manufactured and looking forward to applying on industrial domains.

Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness of Physical Property PET/Stainless Steel Composite Fabrics

2014 ◽  
Vol 910 ◽  
pp. 210-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Horng Lin ◽  
Ting An Lin ◽  
An Pang Chen ◽  
Ching Wen Lou
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Electromagnetic Shielding ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Composite Yarn ◽  
Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness

The electronic appliance is capable of emitting electromagnetic waves that will cause the damage of electrical equipment and influence peoples health. In this study, stain steel filament (SS filament) and 75D PET filament were used to manufacture SS/PET composite yarn The SS/PET composite yarn were made by the wrapping machine, which the core yarn is stain steel filament, wrapped yarn is 75D PET filament and the wrapping layers is varied as one and two. After that, the composite yarn is fabricated by the automatic sampling loom into composite woven fabrics. The composite SS/PET woven fabrics were under the tests of electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) and air permeability. The test results revealed that the EMSE of the one-layer composite woven fabric is 9.5 dB at 900 MHz, but the EMSE decreases as test frequency increases. When laminating layer added to three layers, the EMSE raise up to 12.6 dB. The EMSE of composite woven fabric reached at 29.9 when the laminated angle is 45°. And the air permeability decreases as the laminate layer increases, which the thickness of sample affect air to pass through the sample.

A new study on the influencing factors and mechanism of shielding effectiveness of woven fabrics containing stainless steel fibers

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 830-846
Author(s):  
Yalan Yang ◽  
Jianping Wang ◽  
Zhe Liu ◽  
Zhujun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Electromagnetic Wave ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Electromagnetic Shielding ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Steel Fibers ◽  
Wave Frequency ◽  
Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness

Electromagnetic radiation is becoming increasingly serious around our living environment, which seriously endangers people's health and interferes with the operation of electronic equipment. The research and development of anti-electromagnetic radiation fabric have drawn more and more attention. However, the influencing rules and mechanisms of conductive fiber content, fabric tightness, warp–weft density, conductive yarn arrangement, weave type, and electromagnetic wave frequency on fabric electromagnetic shielding effectiveness have not been clarified. Therefore, in this study, a series of fabrics containing stainless steel fibers were produced. Meanwhile, the influencing rules of various factors on electromagnetic shielding effectiveness and the quantitative relationship between some factors and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness were discussed. The results showed that all factors had different degrees of influence on electromagnetic shielding effectiveness, and the relationship between electromagnetic shielding effectiveness and electromagnetic wave frequency could be approximately expressed as: [Formula: see text]. At the same time, the influencing mechanisms of various factors on electromagnetic shielding effectiveness were analyzed in combination with fabric microstructure and macrostructure, the intrinsic parameters of the fabric and the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness mechanism. The results are expected to provide a reference for the establishment of electromagnetic shielding fabric model and enterprise production.

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