The Children of Immigrants’ Bonding to School: Examining the Roles of Assimilation, Gender, Race, Ethnicity, and Social Bonds

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 592-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Bondy ◽  
Anthony A. Peguero ◽  
Brent E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Social Bonds ◽  
Children Of Immigrants ◽  
Segmented Assimilation ◽  
Immigrant Generation ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
School Bonds ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Immigrant Optimism

Social bonds to school (i.e., attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief) can influence educational progress and success for students; however, the children of immigrants’ bonding to school remain unclear. This study utilizes data from the Education Longitudinal Study of 2002 and incorporates multilevel analysis to examine straight-line assimilation, segmented assimilation, and immigrant optimism theories in relationship to the children of immigrants’ school bonds. Findings suggest that bonds to school are moderated by gender, race, ethnicity, and immigrant generation. The implications of the evident disparities in the children of immigrants’ bonds to U.S. public schools are discussed more broadly.

Social Bonds Across Immigrant Generations

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 733-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony A. Peguero ◽  
Jennifer M. Bondy ◽  
Jun Sung Hong
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Social Bonds ◽  
Children Of Immigrants ◽  
Segmented Assimilation ◽  
School Bonding ◽  
School Bond ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Immigrant Generations

The focus of this study is to investigate school bonding among adolescents in immigrant families using a segmented assimilation theoretical framework. Data are drawn from the Educational Longitudinal Study of 2002, a nationally representative sample of 10th graders. We focus on a subsample consisting of 9,870 first- ( N = 1,170, 12 %), second- ( N = 1,540, 16 %), and third-plus-generation ( N = 7,160, 73%) students in 580 public schools. Our findings suggest that adolescents’ school bond seems to diminish or “decline” as the children of immigrants assimilate. Implications for research on racial/ethnic and immigrant generational disparities in adolescent social bonds to school are also discussed.

The Children of Immigrants’ Academic Self-Efficacy: The Significance of Gender, Race, Ethnicity, and Segmented Assimilation

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 486-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Bondy ◽  
Anthony A. Peguero ◽  
Brent E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Children Of Immigrants ◽  
Assimilation Theory ◽  
Segmented Assimilation ◽  
Fundamental Factor ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Academic Self Efficacy

Academic self-efficacy reflects an adolescent’s level of confidence or belief that she or he can successfully accomplish educational assignments and tasks, which are also argued to be a fundamental factor in educational progress and success. Little is known, however, about the academic self-efficacy that the children of immigrants have, which is particularly relevant today in the midst of the current social, political, and economic debate over the influence of immigration in U.S. public schools. Segmented assimilation theory guides this study’s understanding of the children of immigrants’ academic self-efficacy. Analyses, which draw from the Educational Longitudinal Study of 2002 and multilevel analyses, indeed reveal imperative findings. Most notably, the association between academic self-efficacy and assimilation is moderated by gender, race, and ethnicity. This article also discusses the importance of understanding the schooling of the children of immigrants in the educational system.

The Politics of the Mundane

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
ROBERTO F. CARLOS
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Children Of Immigrants ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Immigrant Communities ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Political Inequality ◽  
Political Events

Extensive research on political participation suggests that parental resources strongly predict participation. Other research indicates that salient political events can push individuals to participate. I offer a novel explanation of how mundane household experiences translate to political engagement, even in settings where low participation levels are typically found, such as immigrant communities. I hypothesize that experiences requiring children of Latinx immigrants to take on “adult” responsibilities provide an environment where children learn the skills needed to overcome the costs associated with participation. I test this hypothesis using three datasets: a survey of Latinx students, a representative survey of young adults, and a 10-year longitudinal study. The analyses demonstrate that Latinx children of immigrants taking on adult responsibilities exhibit higher levels of political activity compared with those who do not. These findings provide new insights into how the cycle of generational political inequality is overcome in unexpected ways and places.

Abstract P283: Disparities in Long-term Risk of Cardiovascular Disease by Sexual Orientation and Race/Ethnicity: the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cari J Clark ◽  
Iris W Borowsky ◽  
Alvaro Alonso ◽  
Rachael A Spencer ◽  
Susan A Everson-Rose
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Adolescent Health ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
National Longitudinal Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Background: Risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) may be higher in sexual minorities, but epidemiologic evidence is sparse. We used a nationally representative sample of young adults to examine sex-specific disparities in global CVD risk by sexual orientation and race/ethnicity. Methods: Data were from National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health subjects who participated in wave 4 (2008-09) and who had valid weights and non-missing data (7087 women; 6340 men). Age, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, education, financial stress, and CVD risk factors (body mass index, smoking, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, and use of antihypertensive medication) were collected via an in-home interview. We calculated the 30-Year risk for total CVD using a Framingham-based prediction model. Sex-specific differences in 30-year risk of CVD by sexual orientation were calculated with weighted linear models adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, education, and financial distress. Sex-specific interactions between race/ethnicity and sexual orientation were tested. Results: Mean age was 28.9 ± .2 years; 93% (n=5912) of male participants were heterosexual, 4% (n=258) were bisexual, and 2% (n=170) were gay. 80% (n=5713) of female participants were heterosexual, 18% (n=1243) were bisexual, and 2% (n=131) were lesbian. Average 30-year risk of CVD was 17.2 ± .5% in men and 9.0 ± .3% in women. Differences in CVD risk by sexual orientation were not detectable for men (p=.59). Compared to heterosexual women, bisexual and lesbian women had a .9% (95% CI: .3, 1.4) and 2.0% (95% CI: .7, 3.2) higher risk of CVD, respectively. In race/ethnicity stratified models (interaction p-value=.01), an increased risk among sexual minorities, especially lesbians, was detectable except among Hispanic women (Figure). Conclusion: Disparities in global CVD risk were observed by sexual orientation for women and persisted across most racial/ethnic groups. Sexual orientation may be a marker of increased risk of CVD but more research on contributing factors is needed.

The Threat of Downward Assimilation Among Young African Immigrants in U.S. Schools

2019 ◽  
pp. 330-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Immaculee Harushimana ◽  
Janet Awokoya
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Critical Race Theory ◽  
Immigrant Youth ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
African Immigrants ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Segmented Assimilation ◽  
School Communities ◽  
School Settings ◽  
Intervention Measures

This chapter presents research implications geared toward preventing the downward assimilation trend prevailing among young African immigrants in US public schools. Secondary data from three qualitative studies of integration and adaptation processes of African-born immigrant youth in urban school settings helped identify signs of downward assimilation, especially among males. Salient signs of this trend include low academic achievement, gang inclination, and defiance towards authority. Four major theories—segmented assimilation, socio-ecological theory, intersectionality, and critical race theory—served as framework for the analysis of the risk factors that may lead young African immigrants to follow the downward assimilation path. The analysis reveals the need for intervention measures at the federal, state, and school levels to reduce the vulnerability of non-predominant minority youth in US school settings and the moral responsibility of school authorities to ensure their welfare. Recommended preventive measures include (1) educating immigrant families and school communities; (2) encouraging collaboration and dialogue between African community organizations, school administration, and policymakers purported at creating a favorable school climate for the marginalized African immigrant youth; (3) increasing intervention measures, such as school-community mediation and political representation.

scholarly journals Describing associations between child maltreatment frequency and the frequency and timing of subsequent delinquent or criminal behaviors across development: variation by sex, sexual orientation, and race

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Lantos ◽  
Andra Wilkinson ◽  
Hannah Winslow ◽  
Tyler McDaniel
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Violent Offending ◽  
Offending Behavior ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Criminal Behaviors

Abstract Background Child maltreatment has been linked to lower health, education, and income later in life, and is associated with increased engagement in delinquent or criminal behaviors. This paper explores trajectories of these behaviors from adolescence into early adulthood and tests maltreatment as a predictor, and whether observed patterns are consistent across different demographic groups. Methods Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, a longitudinal study of a nationally representative sample of U.S. adolescents (in grades 7–12 in the 1994–95 school year), we ran linear mixed effects models to estimate growth curves of two dependent variables: violent and nonviolent offending behavior. We tested if maltreatment altered the intercept or slope of the curves and how the curves of these behaviors and the associations between them and maltreatment varied by sex, race/ethnicity, and sexual orientation. Results The sample (n = 10,613) had equal proportions males and females, approximately one third identified as a race/ethnicity other than white, and over 10% were non-heterosexual. Experiences of maltreatment were highest for Native Americans and lowest for whites. Models indicated that males were more likely than females to engage in both violent and nonviolent offending and respondents who identified as non-heterosexual were more likely than their heterosexual peers to engage in nonviolent offending behavior. When maltreatment was included in models as a predictor, adolescents who experienced maltreatment had a more rapid increase in their non-violent offending behavior. For violent offending behavior, adolescents who experienced maltreatment had higher levels of offending and the levels progressively increased as maltreatment frequency did. Sex was a moderator; the relationship between maltreatment and predicted nonviolent offending was stronger for males than it was for females. Race/ethnicity and sexual orientation did not moderate the associations between maltreatment and offending behavior. Conclusions This study provides insights from a nationally representative sample into the pattern of both delinquent and criminal behaviors in adolescence and young adulthood, describing not only how the pattern varies over time, but also by sociodemographics and offending type. Additionally, it highlights how the association between maltreatment and these behaviors varies by both offending type and sex.

Generational Peers and Alcohol Misuse

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Niño ◽  
Tianji Cai ◽  
Gabe Ignatow ◽  
Philip Yang
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Immigrant Youth ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Immigrant Generation ◽  
Peer Network ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ethnicity And Gender ◽  
Meaningful Role ◽  
Health And Well Being

This study investigates the influence of generational peers on alcohol misuse among immigrant youth. We derive hypotheses from sociological theories of generations regarding race/ethnicity, gender, and immigrant generation and test these hypotheses using a measure that accounts for the proportion of peers within a given peer network that are of the same immigrant generation. Results show that generational ties decreased the odds of alcohol misuse for immigrants and that these effects depend partly on race/ethnicity and gender. We conclude that generational ties play a meaningful role in the health and well-being of immigrant youth, and discuss possible future avenues for research on immigrant generational peers.

scholarly journals The Educational System and the Ethnic Skills Gap among the Working-Age Population: An Analysis of 16 Western Immigration Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 237802312092571
Author(s):  
Jan Paul Heisig ◽  
Merlin Schaeffer
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Educational Aspirations ◽  
Children Of Immigrants ◽  
Education Systems ◽  
Structural Integration ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Immigrant Optimism ◽  
Labor Market Attainment

Research shows that children of immigrants, the “second generation,” have comparatively high educational aspirations. This “immigrant optimism” translates into ambitious educational choices, given the second generation’s level of academic performance. Choice-driven (comprehensive) education systems, which allow the children of immigrants to follow their ambitions, are therefore regarded as facilitating their structural integration. The authors focus on an underappreciated consequence of these findings. If the second generation strives for higher qualifications than children of native-born parents with similar performance, working-age children of immigrants should have lower skills than children of native-born parents with comparable formal education. This could result in (statistical) employer discrimination and ultimately hamper integration. This pattern should be particularly pronounced in choice-driven education systems and in systems that emphasize vocational education. Two-step regression models using data on 16 countries support these expectations. The authors explore implications of these findings for comparative research on ethnic gaps in labor market attainment.

What Are We Measuring? An Evaluation of the CES-D Across Race/Ethnicity and Immigrant Generation*

Social Forces ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 1567-1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krista M. Perreira ◽  
Natalia Deeb-Sossa ◽  
Kathleen Mullan Harris ◽  
Kenneth Bollen
Keyword(s):  
Immigrant Generation ◽  
Race Ethnicity
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