Informal urbanism and the Internet of Things: Reliability, trust and the reconfiguration of infrastructure

Of the build out of humanity predicted up to the end of the century, a substantial portion will occur within informal urban settlements – areas characterised by poor access to infrastructure and services. There is a pressing need to better understand how and with what implications the growing proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, as a component of smart urbanism, are being applied to address the challenges of these areas. The following paper addresses this research gap, showing how IoT technology is reconfiguring trust within water and energy infrastructures in Nairobi. We apply work on informal urban infrastructures and smart urbanism to three case studies, producing novel insights into how IoT technologies reconfigure connections between users, providers and infrastructures. This reconfiguration of trust smooths chronic infrastructural uncertainties and generates reliability within informal settlements and, in doing so, leads to increased personal economies. We conclude by considering how these examples provide insights into the implications of IoT for everyday urbanisms in informal settlements and how these insights relate to global smart city debates more widely.

Download Full-text

Cloud Provisioning and Modeling of Internet of Things (IoT) Systems for Evaluating Big Data Uncertainties

International Journal of Advanced Information and Communication Technology ◽

10.46532/ijaict-2020027 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 125-130

Author(s):

Yuji Huang ◽

Aravindhan K

Keyword(s):

Big Data ◽

Internet Of Things ◽

Actual World ◽

The Internet ◽

Data Systems ◽

Internet Service ◽

Research Gap ◽

Big Data Systems ◽

Different Sources ◽

The Internet Of Things

The present cyber-physical schemes and the Internet of Things (IoT) schemes comprise of both complex and simple interactions defining the different sources of the IoT systems such as cloud information and the edge internet service centres. All the modeling frameworks have been established on the virtualization dimensions that include both the cloud and the edge structures. Apart from that, the systems deal with big data based on the connections of various forms of services and networks. In that case, various forms of data uncertainties are evident. These uncertainties include elasticity and actuation uncertainties. As a result, this leads to a number of challenges that affect the process of testing these uncertainties in the big data systems. Nonetheless, there is a research gap present to effectively model and design the precise infrastructure frameworks that handle the necessities for evaluating these emergent big data uncertainties. With that regard, this scholastic paper focusses on the techniques used to generate and determine the deployment configurations used in the process of evaluating both the cloud and IoT systems. In this research, the survey will consider the actual-world application for analysing and monitoring the transceiver frameworks.

Download Full-text

GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE IN RELATION TO INFORMAL URBAN SETTLEMENTS

Journal of Architecture and Urbanism ◽

10.3846/20297955.2017.1296791 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 22-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Olumuyiwa Bayode ADEGUN

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Ecosystem Services ◽

Green Infrastructure ◽

Critical Role ◽

Informal Settlements ◽

Natural Ecosystems ◽

Urban Green ◽

Urban Settlements ◽

Urban Green Infrastructure ◽

Informal Urban Settlements

Green infrastructure plays a critical role in environmentally sustainable urbanization in developing countries. Based on a review of academic outputs, this paper explores green infrastructure in the context of informal urban settlements. It identifies three ways informal settlements are connected to green spaces and natural ecosystems functioning as urban green infrastructure and then shows examples of benefits derived (ecosystem services) by the urban poor from these connections. Undesirable aspects and negative outcomes, regarded as ecosystem disservices, from the connection to natural ecosystems are also pointed out. The potentials of enhancing ecosystem services in terms of improving quality of life and the environment in informal settlements came to the fore. This work contributes to the growing body of knowledge on urban green infrastructure from the perspective of informal settlements in developing countries.

Download Full-text

In a state of slum: governance in an informal urban settlement in Ghana

The Journal of Modern African Studies ◽

10.1017/s0022278x16000586 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 591-615 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Paul Stacey ◽

Christian Lund

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Public Services ◽

Informal Settlement ◽

Informal Settlements ◽

Formal Institutions ◽

Public Authorities ◽

Urban Settlement ◽

Social Contracts ◽

Urban Settlements ◽

Informal Urban Settlements

ABSTRACTOld Fadama in Accra, Ghana, is a vast informal settlement. A legalistic approach by successive governments has meant a near-absence of statutory institutions and the emergence of alternative public authorities. These endeavour to provide the area with a range of basic public services to solve the area's serious developmental challenges. Through processes of informal negotiation residents establish rights and social contracts that underpin and define what will constitute ideas of state and law. At the same time, self-governance emerges while relations with statutory institutions shift back and forth between vilification, tacit acceptance, and productive cooperation. The article contributes to studies of governance in informal urban settlements on two fronts. First, it shows how informal arrangements lead to the provision of basic public services and influence the workings of formal institutions of government. Second, it challenges facile understandings of large-scale informal settlements as generally chaotic, lawless or subversive.

Download Full-text

Factors Influencing Choices for Early Marriage in Urban Informal Settlements of Bangladesh

Progress in Development Studies ◽

10.1177/14649934211023003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 298-320

Author(s):

Raia Azmi ◽

Md Uzzal Chowdhury ◽

Hasna Hena Sara ◽

Subas Chandra Biswas ◽

Sairana Ahsan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Exchange ◽

Informal Settlements ◽

Early Marriage ◽

Dropping Out ◽

School Crime ◽

Girl Child ◽

Urban Settlements ◽

Urban Informal Settlements ◽

Community Pressure ◽

Informal Urban Settlements

This study explores factors that shape parents’ decisions as to whether or not to arrange an early marriage of a girl child in the context of urban informal settlements in Bangladesh. The article draws on data from a larger mixed methods study conducted in two informal urban settlements of Bangladesh, and the analysis was guided by the theory of social exchange. The study found the following factors leading to early marriage: endemic poverty, high dowry costs for older girls, parents’ lack of wider social networks, adolescents dropping out of school, crime and insecurity, love affairs between adolescents and community pressure. Collaboration between government and non-government programmes to improve education, implementation of supportive laws, and greater formal economic opportunities for residents, including adolescents, in urban informal settlements, are critical to prevent early marriage in these environments.

Download Full-text

Local response in health emergencies: key considerations for addressing the COVID-19 pandemic in informal urban settlements

Environment and Urbanization ◽

10.1177/0956247820922843 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 503-522 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Annie Wilkinson ◽

Harris Ali ◽

Juliet Bedford ◽

Somsook Boonyabancha ◽

Creighton Connolly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Informal Economy ◽

Local Governments ◽

Protective Action ◽

Informal Settlements ◽

Control Measures ◽

Effective Control ◽

Potential Health ◽

Urban Settlements ◽

Local Residents ◽

Informal Urban Settlements

This paper highlights the major challenges and considerations for addressing COVID-19 in informal settlements. It discusses what is known about vulnerabilities and how to support local protective action. There is heightened concern about informal urban settlements because of the combination of population density and inadequate access to water and sanitation, which makes standard advice about social distancing and washing hands implausible. There are further challenges to do with the lack of reliable data and the social, political and economic contexts in each setting that will influence vulnerability and possibilities for action. The potential health impacts of COVID-19 are immense in informal settlements, but if control measures are poorly executed these could also have severe negative impacts. Public health interventions must be balanced with social and economic interventions, especially in relation to the informal economy upon which many poor urban residents depend. Local residents, leaders and community-based groups must be engaged and resourced to develop locally appropriate control strategies, in partnership with local governments and authorities. Historically, informal settlements and their residents have been stigmatized, blamed, and subjected to rules and regulations that are unaffordable or unfeasible to adhere to. Responses to COVID-19 should not repeat these mistakes. Priorities for enabling effective control measures include: collaborating with local residents who have unsurpassed knowledge of relevant spatial and social infrastructures, strengthening coordination with local governments, and investing in improved data for monitoring the response in informal settlements.

Download Full-text

RFID Protocol Design, Optimization, and Security for the Internet of Things

10.1049/pbce112e ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Alex X. Liu ◽

Muhammad Shahzad ◽

Xiulong Liu ◽

Keqiu Li

Keyword(s):

Internet Of Things ◽

Design Optimization ◽

Protocol Design ◽

The Internet ◽

The Internet Of Things ◽

Rfid Protocol

Download Full-text

Multimedia system and database simulation based on internet of things and cloud service platform

Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems ◽

10.3233/jifs-189253 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Zhang Caiqian ◽

Zhang Xincheng

Keyword(s):

Internet Of Things ◽

Cloud Service ◽

Multimedia System ◽

The Internet ◽

Multimedia Database ◽

Cloud Platform ◽

Service Platform ◽

Device Management ◽

Cloud Service Platform ◽

The Internet Of Things

The existing stand-alone multimedia machines and online multimedia machines in the market have certain deficiencies, so they cannot meet the actual needs. Based on this, this research combines the actual needs to design and implement a multi-media system based on the Internet of Things and cloud service platform. Moreover, through in-depth research on the MQTT protocol, this study proposes a message encryption verification scheme for the MQTT protocol, which can solve the problem of low message security in the Internet of Things communication to a certain extent. In addition, through research on the fusion technology of the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence, this research designs scheme to provide a LightGBM intelligent prediction module interface, MQTT message middleware, device management system, intelligent prediction and push interface for the cloud platform. Finally, this research completes the design and implementation of the cloud platform and tests the function and performance of the built multimedia system database. The research results show that the multimedia database constructed in this paper has good performance.

Download Full-text

Review of the Current State and Future Development in Standardising Artificial Lighting

Light & Engineering ◽

10.33383/2019-011 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 4-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Peter Thorns

Keyword(s):

Internet Of Things ◽

Future Development ◽

Best Practice ◽

The Internet ◽

Artificial Lighting ◽

Current State ◽

Internal Structures ◽

European Regulations ◽

The Internet Of Things

This paper discusses the organisations involved in the development of application standards, European regulations and best practice guides, their scope of work and internal structures. It considers their respective visions for the requirements for future standardisation work and considers in more detail those areas where these overlap, namely human centric or integrative lighting, connectivity and the Internet of Things, inclusivity and sustainability.

Download Full-text