Between walls and fences: How different types of gated communities shape the streets around them

Urban Studies ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 004209802098432
Author(s):  
David Kostenwein
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Gated Communities ◽  
Community Research ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
External Effects ◽  
Different Types ◽  
American Cities

Gated communities in Latin American cities have become the new normal. The streets bordered by fences, walls and the occasional gate, formed when two or more gated communities face each other, dominate the urban landscape today. Taking Bogotá with its 3500 gated communities as my case study, I create a novel typology focusing on the gated community’s spatial dimension, not portraying it as an isolated island but as an integral part of the urban realm. Using an empirically grounded typology formation process, I present five distinctive types of gated communities in Bogotá, varying widely in how they shape the surrounding public spaces. Some types have significant expected negative effects on activity and security in the adjacent streets and others hardly any. I show how future gated community research and policymaking would benefit from disaggregation of the concept and present some policy strategies to mitigate negative external effects of gated communities.

scholarly journals La forma de lo informal : lectura sin escala de los barrios informales de Quito desde la teoría de la forma colectiva de Maki = The form of the informal: Non-stop reading of informal neighborhoods in Quito from the theory of Maki

2019 ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Marlown Cuenca Gonzaga
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
American Cities ◽  
The City

ResumenLa informalidad es parte del paisaje urbano en la ciudad de Quito, ha crecido deprisa y heterogéneamente, desbordada por condicionantes físicas y condicionantes económico-sociales propias de la evolución de las ciudades modernas latinoamericanas, cuya economía depende directamente de la extracción de recursos naturales, esto ha creado dos ciudades con características diferenciadas: la ciudad formal y la ciudad informal. Este estudio trata de entender estos dos modelos a través de una herramienta que analice las relaciones de los componentes urbanos insertados en la globalidad de la complejidad urbana. Desde la hipótesis se comprueba que los barrios de invasión y autoconstrucción generan mecanismos y procesos urbanos evolutivos, que guardan mejores relaciones escalares y relaciones internas de conectividad más dinámicas e intensas que los sistemas planificados convencionales para la vivienda social.AbstractInformality is part of the urban landscape in the city of Quito, it has grown rapidly and heterogeneously, overwhelmed by physical conditions and socio-economic conditions of the evolution of modern Latin American cities, whose economy depends directly on the extraction of natural resources. has created two cities with different characteristics: the formal city and the informal city. This study tries to understand these two models through a tool that analyzes the relationships of the urban components inserted in the globality of urban complexity. From the hypothesis it is verified that the neighborhoods of invasion and self-construction generate evolutionary urban mechanisms and processes, which have better scalar relationships and internal connectivity relationships that are more dynamic and intense than the conventional planned systems for social housing.

scholarly journals Multivariate Geostatistical Modeling and Risk Analysis of Beach Litter: A Case Study of Playa Blanca Beach, Chile

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8384
Author(s):  
Mohammad Maleki ◽  
Kevin Soria
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Geostatistical Simulation ◽  
Geostatistical Modeling ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cigarette Butts ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Beach Litter ◽  
Simulation Results

Beach litter is a worldwide problem that has several negative effects. A first step in preventing an environmental hazard is to determine and model the level of contamination. In this paper, geostatistical simulation is used to model two main forms of beach litter (cigarette butts and sharp items) in one of the most contaminated beaches in Antofagasta, Chile. A hundred realizations of cigarette butts and broken glass are generated to emulate their joint spatial distribution. The simulation results are used to classify the beach into different areas with respect to the risk of injury by broken glass and the level of contamination by cigarette butts. The models obtained can be used by local authorities in beach clean-up programs and by visitors to beaches in choosing the safest and cleanest areas. The results demonstrate the capability of geostatistical simulation algorithms to model different types of beach litter.

scholarly journals Conpsumptionscapes: videogame stereotypes and Latin-American cities environments. Case: Uncharted 3: Drake’s Deception / Uncharted 4: The Thief End

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 003
Author(s):  
Claudio Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
American City ◽  
Commercial Space ◽  
Shopping Centres ◽  
Contemporary Life ◽  
Architectural Structures ◽  
American Cities ◽  
Selection Of

The consumption landscape refers to the context in which the daily basic needs of a society are determined. The small store in the neighborhood and the street market are architectural structures or urban spaces which shape the lives of cities as we know them today. Shopping centres are the evolution of these building formats and can characterize contemporary life. The exercise proposed by this article is to review the condition of the contexts of consumption in which the narrative of video games are developed through the study and selection of cases (Uncharted 3: Drake’s Deception / Uncharted 4: A Thief’s End). These demonstrate that the urban landscape with which our cities are represented appears as scenarios loaded with stereotypes. The emphasis of this research is on the representation of the historical Latin American city as a spatially modelled and stereotyped territory where the narrative is contextualized. This article does not focus on how the story develops within a commercial space but instead proposes a transversal idea that the consumption contexts are landscapes determined by cultural logics where the plot occurs. Consumption landscapes are the simultaneous spatial, cultural and historical constructions that give meaning to a narrative and represent an augmented reality of our cities: extensive, immersive and suggestive, but also perverse.

Santiago Chile, 1541–1581: A Case Study of Urban Stagnation

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-225
Author(s):  
Joseph B. Fichandler ◽  
Thomas F. O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
New World ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Empire Building ◽  
Mother Country ◽  
Imperial Power ◽  
American Cities

Attempts to understand the nature of colonial Latin American cities have tended to focus on the role of urban centers in the process of empire building. The Spanish cities of the New World served initially as spearheads of conquest, and later as centers for the exercise of Imperial control. A particularly important aspect of this control was the effort by the Crown to limit the power of encomenderos, men whose royally granted right to use Indian labor threatened to create a local ruling class independent of Imperial power. Richard Morse has recently asserted that the patrimonial nature of many of these urban centers resulted from the efforts of the mother country to retain them in the Imperial structure against the counter-claims of the encomenderos. As for those poorer settlements on the outskirts of empire. Morse believes that the appeal of landed wealth drew many of their most prominent citizens into the countryside, leaving the cities to stagnate.

Environmental health indicators and a case study of air pollution in Latin American cities

2011 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle L. Bell ◽  
Luis A. Cifuentes ◽  
Devra L. Davis ◽  
Erin Cushing ◽  
Adriana Gusman Telles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
American Cities

scholarly journals THE ENDURANCE OF THE MODERNIST PLANNING PARADIGM: THE FUNCTIONAL CITY IN CONTEMPORARY PLANNING IN MEDELLĶN, COLOMBIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-252
Author(s):  
Edwar Calderón
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
American Cities

The Functional City principles steered the development of Latin American cities post WWII, but their influence in current urbanisation in LA has not been acknowledged or studied, due to the presumption by planners that contemporary planning operates within a very different planning paradigm to the earlier modernist one. In contrast, this paper argues that contemporary urban planning practices in Colombia are still dependent today on functionalist urbanism. Through a case study of three of the 28 approved Planes Parciales (sectorial plans) in Medellin, Colombia, based on primary data sources, I argue how the Functional City principles have been overshadowed by and formulated from a socio-economic perspective which creates discrepancies between local planners and academics regarding their application. This study contributes to a better understanding of current urbanisation patterns in Latin America. Furthermore, this study will invite reflection and public debate over questions such as: urbanization for whom/against whom and who decides?

Mapping Gated Communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-67
Author(s):  
Zia Salim
Keyword(s):  
Urban Studies ◽  
Gated Communities ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Positional Accuracy ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Research Questions

The widespread proliferation of different types of volunteered geographic information (VGI) is noteworthy as is its potential application to urban studies. However, questions of data quality still remain. In some parts of the Middle East, gated communities have proliferated rapidly, but relatively little is known about their extent or spatial distribution. This case study of gated communities in the state of Bahrain assesses the quality of Wikimapia, a form of VGI, in accurately identifying elements of urban structure (e.g., gated communities) in an urban context from the Global South. Wikimapia demonstrated high levels of positional accuracy and relatively high levels of attribute accuracy. Identifying the locations of gated communities provides a foundation from which other research questions about segregated housing, fragmentation, and socioeconomic polarization can be addressed. These results highlight Wikimapia's potential as a data source for urban research, particularly in data-poor and non-Western/Northern contexts.

scholarly journals La forma de lo informal : lectura sin escala de los barrios informales de Quito desde la teoría de la forma colectiva de Maki = The form of the informal: Non-stop reading of informal neighborhoods in Quito from the theory of Maki

2019 ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Marlown Cuenca Gonzaga
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
American Cities ◽  
The City

ResumenLa informalidad es parte del paisaje urbano en la ciudad de Quito, ha crecido deprisa y heterogéneamente, desbordada por condicionantes físicas y condicionantes económico-sociales propias de la evolución de las ciudades modernas latinoamericanas, cuya economía depende directamente de la extracción de recursos naturales, esto ha creado dos ciudades con características diferenciadas: la ciudad formal y la ciudad informal. Este estudio trata de entender estos dos modelos a través de una herramienta que analice las relaciones de los componentes urbanos insertados en la globalidad de la complejidad urbana. Desde la hipótesis se comprueba que los barrios de invasión y autoconstrucción generan mecanismos y procesos urbanos evolutivos, que guardan mejores relaciones escalares y relaciones internas de conectividad más dinámicas e intensas que los sistemas planificados convencionales para la vivienda social.AbstractInformality is part of the urban landscape in the city of Quito, it has grown rapidly and heterogeneously, overwhelmed by physical conditions and socio-economic conditions of the evolution of modern Latin American cities, whose economy depends directly on the extraction of natural resources. has created two cities with different characteristics: the formal city and the informal city. This study tries to understand these two models through a tool that analyzes the relationships of the urban components inserted in the globality of urban complexity. From the hypothesis it is verified that the neighborhoods of invasion and self-construction generate evolutionary urban mechanisms and processes, which have better scalar relationships and internal connectivity relationships that are more dynamic and intense than the conventional planned systems for social housing.

Influence of driving patterns on vehicle emissions: A case study for Latin American cities

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 192-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robinsson A. Rodríguez ◽  
Edgar A. Virguez ◽  
Paula A. Rodríguez ◽  
Eduardo Behrentz
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Driving Patterns ◽  
American Cities
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