The Impact of Climate Variables on Seasonal Variation in Hong Kong Inbound Tourism Demand

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanqin Qiu Zhang ◽  
Nada Kulendran
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Tourism Demand ◽  
Relative Temperature ◽  
Inbound Tourism ◽  
The Impact

In this study, we quantify the link between climate variables, such as temperature, rainfall, humidity, number of tropical cyclones, and number of thunderstorms, and seasonal variation in the Hong Kong inbound tourism demand from mainland China, Taiwan, South Korea, and Japan using the average Euclidean distance (AED) statistics and tourism demand modeling approach. Seasonal variation is measured as the fluctuation in the number of tourists from one season to another. Based on the smallest AED value, results of this study showed that climate variables play a dominant role in shaping seasonal variation relative to season and country. The fluctuation of tourist numbers from one season to another is determined not only by climate variables (e.g., the temperature of Hong Kong vs. the temperature in the country of origin of the tourist) but also by economic factors, including price and income. The variation in the impact of relative temperature depends on the country of origin.

The information ethics perception gaps between Chinese and American students

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Ling-hsing Chang ◽  
Jim Q. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Information Ethics ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Espoused Theory ◽  
American Students ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the impact of Chinese culture on the information ethics perception gaps between Chinese and American students. Design/methodology/approach Using a qualitative approach, this study utilizes Kohlberg’s Cognitive Moral Development model and an open-ended questionnaire to measure and analyze the gaps among information ethics perceptions of students from Taiwan, Mainland China, Hong Kong, and the USA, and to assess the extent to which the gaps are influenced by Chinese culture. Findings Students’ perceptions of intellectual property, information accuracy, privacy, and accessibility (PAPA) are deeply influenced by national culture. Sub-cultures have significant impact on the perceptions. Political systems, history, and legal environment may also play a role in the differences of PAPA perceptions among the three Chinese societies. The study also revealed that accuracy and intellectual property are the most deficient areas of moral developments in both Chinese and American samples. Research limitations/implications The sample sizes from Hong Kong and the USA were relatively small due to resource and time constraints. In addition, the subjects from Hong Kong and the USA were a little bit older than the subjects from Taiwan and Mainland China due to the fact that universities in HK and USA tend to have more non-traditional students than in universities in Mainland China and Taiwan. Second, the questionnaire is a limited means of studying moral reasoning because the results are likely to reflect espoused theory rather than theory-in-use. Practical implications The educational implication of this study calls for a renewed approach to educate students on the importance of information ethics for the sake of sustained economic development. Originality/value The novelty of this research lies in its interpretation of students’ PAPA perceptions and fresh insights from a Chinese guanxi perspective.

The Impact of US Monetary Policy and Other External Shocks on the Hong Kong Economy

2019 ◽  
pp. 239-260
Author(s):  
Hongyi Chen ◽  
Andrew Tsang
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
External Shocks ◽  
Monetary Policies ◽  
Macroprudential Policies ◽  
Loan Quality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Us Monetary Policy

This chapter uses the factor-augmented vector autoregression framework to study the impact on the Hong Kong economy of the diverging monetary policies by the Fed, the European Central Bank (ECB), and the Bank of Japan (BoJ), as well as the slowdown of the Mainland economy. The empirical results show that shocks in US monetary policy rate mainly affect interest rate-sensitive sectors in Hong Kong and that monetary easing from the ECB and the BoJ somewhat offsets the impact of tightening of the Fed. Real variables such as real GDP growth and the unemployment rate are more sensitive to the economic slowdown in Mainland China. However, Hong Kong’s financial stability, particularly with regard to loan quality, banks’ capital and liquidity, is well maintained by macroprudential policies, suggesting that Hong Kong’s financial system is resilient to external shocks.

Perceived Threat of a Linguistic Community and Context Effect on Attitude toward Immigration in Hong Kong

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 250-273
Author(s):  
Francis L.F. Lee ◽  
Hai Liang
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Linguistic Community ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Mandarin Speakers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Abstract Typically grounded in a discussion of contact vs. threat theory, much research has examined the impact of the presence of ethnic minorities in residential contexts on people’s attitude toward immigration. Yet, there has not been much evidence regarding whether the presence of a linguistically-defined minority can create similar impact under specific political conditions. This article examines Hong Kong, where the arrival of immigrants from mainland China has aroused controversies. The presence of Mandarin speakers, under the contemporary conditions, could be perceived as representing the cultural threat posed by China onto the city. Data from representative surveys were combined with district-level census data. The analysis shows that people living in a district with higher proportions of residents using Mandarin as the usual spoken language indeed favored more restrictive immigration policies. Contextual presence of Mandarin speakers also moderated the impact of tolerance and holding of negative stereotypes on attitude toward immigration.

scholarly journals Tourism under the Early Phase of COVID-19 in Four APEC Economies: An Estimation with Special Focus on SARS Experiences

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7543
Author(s):  
Bao-Linh Tran ◽  
Chi-Chung Chen ◽  
Wei-Chun Tseng ◽  
Shu-Yi Liao
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Tourism Demand ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Impact

This study examines how experience of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) influences the impact of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on international tourism demand for four Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) economies, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Thailand, and New Zealand, over the 1 January–30 April 2020 period. To proceed, panel regression models are first applied with a time-lag effect to estimate the general effects of COVID-19 on daily tourist arrivals. In turn, the data set is decomposed into two nation groups and fixed effects models are employed for addressing the comparison of the pandemic-tourism relationship between economies with and without experiences of the SARS epidemic. Specifically, Taiwan and Hong Kong are grouped as economies with SARS experiences, while Thailand and New Zealand are grouped as countries without experiences of SARS. The estimation result indicates that the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases has a significant negative impact on tourism demand, in which a 1% COVID-19 case increase causes a 0.075% decline in tourist arrivals, which is a decline of approximately 110 arrivals for every additional person infected by the coronavirus. The negative impact of COVID-19 on tourist arrivals for Thailand and New Zealand is found much stronger than for Taiwan and Hong Kong. In particular, the number of tourist arrivals to Taiwan and Hong Kong decreased by 0.034% in response to a 1% increase in COVID-19 confirmed cases, while in Thailand and New Zealand, a 1% national confirmed cases increase caused a 0.103% reduction in tourism demand. Moreover, the effect of the number of domestic cases on international tourism is found lower than the effect caused by global COVID-19 mortality for the economies with SARS experiences. In contrast, tourist arrivals are majorly affected by the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Thailand and New Zealand. Finally, travel restriction in all cases is found to be the most influencing factor for the number of tourist arrivals. Besides contributing to the existing literature focusing on the knowledge regarding the nexus between tourism and COVID-19, the paper’s findings also highlight the importance of risk perception and the need of transmission prevention and control of the epidemic for the tourism sector.

scholarly journals Electronic Waste Governance under “One Country, Two Systems”: Hong Kong and Mainland China

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Wong
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Policy Network ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
One Country Two Systems

China is one of the largest e-waste dumping sites in the world, and Hong Kong, a semi-autonomous territory in China, is also affected by illegal e-waste disposal and transfer. While the Chinese government implemented a waste import ban in January 2018, Hong Kong has not enforced Chinese policies under the “One Country, Two Systems” framework. Drawing on a policy network approach, this paper provides an explanatory framework for e-waste governance in Hong Kong and China, and identifies the major obstacles to shaping effective transboundary e-waste control and prevention. The paper argues that institutional arrangements play a dominant role in governing e-waste policy networks at the local level of governance in Hong Kong and China; however, a lack of accountability and capacity at the transboundary level can explain the different waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) management strategies in these two places.

The Impact of Disasters on Japan’s Inbound Tourism Demand

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (sp) ◽  
pp. 699-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihui Wu ◽  
◽  
Haruo Hayashi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Tourism Demand ◽  
Intervention Models ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Inbound Tourism ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of disasters on international tourism demand for Japan by applying Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) intervention models that focus on evaluating change patterns and the duration of effects by observing variations in parameters. Japan suffered a variety of disasters, especially natural disasters due to its geographical location, so we have divided these disasters into three types: geological disasters, extreme weather events and “others” such as terrorist attacks, infectious diseases, and economic crises. Based on the principle of preparing for the worst, we selected 4 cases for each disaster type, for 12 in all. Results suggest that (1) large-scale disasters such as great earthquakes impacted negatively on inbound tourism demand for Japan; (2) not all disasters resulted in an abrupt drop in inbound tourist arrivals, extreme weather events, for example, did not decrease inbound tourism demand significantly; (3) impact caused by disasters was temporary.

scholarly journals Vehicular fuel composition and atmospheric emissions in South China: Hong Kong, Macau, Guangzhou, and Zhuhai

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 3687-3707 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Y. Tsai ◽  
L. Y. Chan ◽  
D. R. Blake ◽  
K. W. Chu
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
South China ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Evaporative Loss ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Pearl River ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Vehicular emission is an important source of air pollutants in urban cities in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region of South China. In order to study the impact of vehicular fuel on air quality, several commonly used fuel samples were collected in four main cities in the PRD region – Hong Kong, Guangzhou, Macau and Zhuhai, and analyzed for their volatile organic compounds (VOCs) composition. Source profiles of the vehicular fuels used in these cities were constructed and are believed to be the first reported for the PRD region. The C8–C10 hydrocarbons were the main constituents of diesel. Different from diesel, gasoline used in the PRD region was mainly comprised of lighter C4–C7 hydrocarbons, with toluene and i-pentane being the two most abundant species. The benzene content in the Guangzhou and Zhuhai gasoline samples were higher than that in Hong Kong and Macau and exceeded the maximum benzene levels for Mainland China unleaded gasoline. Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) samples were collected only in Hong Kong and were comprised mainly of n-butane, propane and i-butane. Traffic samples indicated that evaporative loss and vehicular combustion were the primary contributors to elevated VOC levels in roadside atmospheres. Significant i-pentane and toluene concentrations were observed in roadside atmospheres in all four cities. Ratio of i-pentane in gasoline samples to that in roadside samples were calculated and this showed that the degree of evaporative loss was higher in Guangzhou and Zhuhai than that in Hong Kong and Macau. We suggest the difference is due to the better maintenance and more new cars in Hong Kong and Macau. From tunnel samples collected in Hong Kong in two different years, we found that the relative amount of propane, i-butane, and n-butane increased between 2001 to 2003, consistent with the 40% increase in LPG fueled vehicles. Propane to butanes ratios were calculated for LPG and tunnels samples, and the comparable ratios illustrated the LPG leakages from LPG fueled vehicles crossing the tunnel.

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