Development of a Uniquely South African Leadership Questionnaire

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermann H. Spangenberg ◽  
Callie C. Theron
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Charismatic Leadership ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Leadership Model ◽  
Emerging Leadership ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Unit Performance

This paper describes the development of a leadership questionnaire the aim of which is to assess the behaviours required to lead change and transformation, while at the same time managing organisational unit performance effectively. A Delphi technique was used to facilitate the identification and testing of emerging leadership dimensions and items, starting with a three-stage model of charismatic leadership, The resultant leadership model comprises four stages, measured as 21 dimensions. The research questionnaire consists of 235 items. The questionnaire was field tested by means of 360° assessment conducted amongst 189 unit managers from a diverse group of organisations. Seven hundred and fifty completed questionnaires were obtained. Unrestricted principal component analyses were performed on each of the sub-scales (dimensions) to examine the unidimensionality assumption. This procedure resulted in the formation of three additional sub-scales. Item analyses on each of the sub-scales produced highly satisfactory Cronbach Alpha values. Further confirmatory factor analyses using LISREL were conducted on each of the 24 sub-scales. A series of goodness-of-fit indices generally showed satisfactory results. Overall, results indicate that a 96-item questionnaire format consisting of 24 dimensions with four items each (selected on the basis of factor loadings) could be used with confidence. Recommendations are made for further research.

scholarly journals Validation of a Questionnaire Developed to Evaluate a Pediatric eHealth Website for Parents

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno José Nievas Soriano ◽  
Sonia García Duarte ◽  
Ana María Fernández Alonso ◽  
Antonio Bonillo Perales ◽  
Tesifón Parrón Carreño
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Content Validation ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Expert Review ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Competing Models ◽  
Confirmatory Analysis ◽  
Adequate Internal Consistency

There is a need for health professionals to provide parents with not only evidence-based child health websites but also instruments to evaluate them. The main aim of this research was to develop a questionnaire for measuring users’ evaluation of the usability, utility, confidence, the well-child section, and the accessibility of a Spanish pediatric eHealth website for parents. We further sought to evaluate the content validity and psychometric reliability of the instrument. A content validation study by expert review was performed, and the questionnaire was pilot tested. Psychometric analyses were used to establish scales through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Reliability studies were performed using Cronbach’s alpha and two split-half methods. The content validation of the questionnaire by experts was considered as excellent. The pilot web survey was completed by 516 participants. The exploratory factor analysis excluded 27 of the 41 qualitative initial items. The confirmatory factor analysis of the resultant 14-item questionnaire confirmed the five initial domains detected in the exploratory confirmatory analysis. The goodness of fit for the competing models was established through fit indices and confirmed the previously established domains. Adequate internal consistency was found for each of the subscales as well as the overall scale.

scholarly journals Public Perceptions of the Societal Impact of Elite Sport: Scale Development and Testing

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 560-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens De Rycke ◽  
Veerle De Bosscher ◽  
Hiroaki Funahashi ◽  
Popi Sotiriadou
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Elite Sport ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Belgian Population ◽  
Societal Impacts ◽  
Public Money

Many Nations are increasingly investing public money in elite sport on the belief that this will trigger a range of benefits for the population. However, there is lack of insight into how the population perceives elite sport’s impact on society. This study developed and tested a measurement scale assessing the publics’ beliefs of the positive and negative societal impacts that could potentially flow from elite sport. A sample of the Belgian population (N = 1,102) was surveyed. A 32-item scale was built using principal component and confirmatory factor analysis procedures for which the goodness-of-fit indices were excellent. Multivariate analysis revealed that the Belgian population perceived elite sport to have mostly positive societal impacts. The study findings can serve researchers wanting to measure the perceived potential positive and negative societal impacts of elite sport.

Examining the Factor Structure of the MLQ Transactional and Transformational Leadership Dimensions in Nursing Context

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 743-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila A. Boamah ◽  
Paul Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Leadership Model ◽  
Multifactor Leadership ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Transactional And Transformational Leadership

The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) is the most widely used instrument for assessing dimensions of leadership style; yet, most studies have failed to reproduce the original MLQ factor structure. The current study evaluates the dimensionality and nomological validity of Bass’s transactional and transformational leadership model using the MLQ in a sample of registered nurses working in acute care hospitals in Canada. A combination of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to evaluate the hypothetical factor structure of the MLQ consisting of five transformational factors, and three transactional factors. Results suggest that the eight-factor solution displayed best fit indices; however, two transactional factors should be extracted due to high interscale correlations and lack of differential relationships with the two leadership variables. The findings support a scale refinement and the need for new theory concerning the five transformational leadership and contingent reward dimensions of the MLQ.

scholarly journals Meaningfulness in Physical Education: A Description of High School Students’ Conceptions

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ang Chen
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Curriculum Design ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
School Students ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Fit Index

A theoretical framework distinguishing meaning and meaningfulness guided this study of high school students’ conceptions of meaningfulness in physical education. A 9-dimensional meaningfulness construct was developed through analyzing former high school students’ (N = 35) oral reflection on physical education. A 9-dimensional meaningfulness scale was prepared and administered to high school students (N = 698). The principal component analysis reduced the students’ responses to a 6-dimensional construct: Social Bonding, Cultural Appreciation, Challenge, Tension Release, Fitness Development, and Self-Expression. The construct was modified through confirmatory factor analyses and had a Goodness of Fit Index of .91. The reconstruction demonstrated sophisticated internalization of perceived meaning by students. AMANOVA revealed that the students’ conceptions of meaningfulness differentiated (p < .05) based on gender, grade, and socioeconomic status. The findings suggest that a pluralistic perspective be considered in curriculum design, given the sophistication and differentiation of students’ conceptions of meaningfulness in physical education.

Validation of a questionnaire developed to evaluate a Spanish eHealth paediatric web for parents. (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno José Nievas Soriano ◽  
Sonia García Duarte ◽  
Ana María Fernández Alonso ◽  
Antonio Bonillo Perales ◽  
Tesifón Parrón Carreño
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Content Validation ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
P Content ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Competing Models ◽  
Adequate Internal Consistency ◽  
Paediatric Health

BACKGROUND Parents need information about their children’s symptoms and the Internet is a major resource that may serve as a convenient repository of health information for parents. There is an urgent need for health professionals to provide parents with evidence-based child health websites. There is also a need for instruments to measure their accessibility, usability, usefulness and confidence building. OBJECTIVE The main aim of the present study was to develop a questionnaire for measuring users’ evaluation of different aspects of a Spanish paediatric Health web for parents. We further sought to evaluate the content validity and psychometric reliability of our instrument. METHODS After a review of the literature we designed an initial 40-qualitative item pilot survey, following the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES) guidelines. We performed a content validation study by experts review and the survey was then administered via web. Psychometric analyses were used to establish scales through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Reliability studies were performed using Cronbach's Alpha and Two-Split Half Method. RESULTS Content validation of the questionnaire by experts was considered as excellent. The pilot web survey was completed by 516 volunteer participants. Exploratory factor analysis allowed us to exclude 26 of the 40 initial items. Confirmatory factor analysis of the resultant 14-item questionnaire confirmed the five initial domains previously detected in the exploratory confirmatory analysis. The goodness of fit for the competing models was established through fit indices and confirmed the previously established domains. Adequate internal consistency was found for each of the subscales as well as the overall scale. CONCLUSIONS Effectiveness and reliability are essential aspects of eHealth interventions and should be properly evaluated. Although our research has limitations, we can assume that our questionnaire is appropriate for the evaluation of an eHealth Spanish paediatric web for parents.

scholarly journals The portability of American job involvement and job satisfaction scales to non-English speaking South Africans

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Kamfer ◽  
D. Venter ◽  
A. B. Boshoff
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Job Involvement ◽  
Error Variance ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
English Speaking

The scales discussed in Boshoff and Hoole (above) were applied to a sample of non-English mother tongue speakers in South Africa to test their "portability" between America and South Africa. Where more than one possible structure was obtained, they were compared by means of confirmatory factor analysis. To reduce error variance and improve goodness of fit indices, items were aggregated by taking the mean of random item clusters, and the confirmatory factor analyses repeated. The best fit solution for each of the scales was identified and discussed. Indications are that both the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire and the Kanungo Job Involvement Scale can be used with confidence in South Africa, even on respondents who are not home language English speakers.

Assessing Mobile Phone Attachment: Validation of the Mobile Attachment Questionnaire in Turkish University Students and Examination of Related Variables

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412110051
Author(s):  
Özge Enez ◽  
Özden Yalçınkaya-Alkar
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Smartphone Addiction ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Turkish University Students ◽  
High Internal Consistency

The main aim of this study was to adapt the Mobile Attachment Questionnaire (MAQ) to Turkish culture. It was also aimed to investigate whether mobile phone attachment (MPA) exists in Turkish university students and whether it has the main characteristics of interpersonal attachment. This study also aimed to investigate the MPA’s relationship with nomophobia, smartphone addiction and materialism, and to examine the predictive power of them on MPA. The study group consisted of a total of 242 university students. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to determine the structural validity of the MAQ-TR. The goodness of fit indices met the model fit requirements for the four-factor 13-item MAQ-TR. Reliability analyses results provided high internal consistency coefficients. Correlation analyses results showed that individuals highly attached to their phones experienced more severe symptoms of nomophobia and smartphone addiction and materialists were more likely to accept their phones as attachment object. Regression analysis showed that nomophobia, smartphone addiction and materialism were significant predictors of MPA. Given that MPA is an understudied concept, this study provides a starting point for future researches on problematic and non-problematic phone use.

Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Long and Short Forms of the Worry Domains Questionnaire

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-243
Author(s):  
Roberto Nuevo ◽  
Andrés Losada ◽  
María Márquez-González ◽  
Cecilia Peñacoba
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Factorial Validity ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Short Forms ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Future Work

The Worry Domains Questionnaire was proposed as a measure of both pathological and nonpathological worry, and assesses the frequency of worrying about five different domains: relationships, lack of confidence, aimless future, work, and financial. The present study analyzed the factor structure of the long and short forms of the WDQ (WDQ and WDQ-SF, respectively) through confirmatory factor analysis in a sample of 262 students (M age = 21.8; SD = 2.6; 86.3% females). While the goodness-of-fit indices did not provide support for the WDQ, good fit indices were found for the WDQ-SF. Furthermore, no source of misspecification was identified, thus, supporting the factorial validity of the WDQ-SF scale. Significant positive correlations between the WDQ-SF and its subscales with worry (PSWQ), anxiety (STAI-T), and depression (BDI) were found. The internal consistency was good for the total scale and for the subscales. This work provides support for the use of the WDQ-SF, and potential uses for research and clinical purposes are discussed.

Customer-Related Social Stressors

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 165-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Dudenhöffer ◽  
Christian Dormann
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Emotional Dissonance ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Service Jobs ◽  
Single Data

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to replicate the dimensions of the customer-related social stressors (CSS) concept across service jobs, to investigate their consequences for service providers’ well-being, and to examine emotional dissonance as mediator. Data of 20 studies comprising of different service jobs (N = 4,199) were integrated into a single data set and meta-analyzed. Confirmatory factor analyses and explorative principal component analysis confirmed four CSS scales: disproportionate expectations, verbal aggression, ambiguous expectations, disliked customers. These CSS scales were associated with burnout and job satisfaction. Most of the effects were partially mediated by emotional dissonance. Further analyses revealed that differences among jobs exist with regard to the factor solution. However, associations between CSS and outcomes are mainly invariant across service jobs.

scholarly journals Examining Boyhood Masculinity Within an Irish Context: An Assessment of the Reliability and Structural Validity of the Meanings of Adolescent Masculinity Scale and the Adolescent Masculinity Ideology in Relationships Scale

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110231
Author(s):  
Joshua W. Katz ◽  
Todd G. Morrison ◽  
Cormac Ó Beaglaoich
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Structural Validity ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Cultural Variations ◽  
Masculinity Ideology ◽  
Irish Context ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

The Meanings of Adolescent Masculinity Scale (MAMS) and the Adolescent Masculinity Ideology in Relationships Scale (AMIRS) were designed by American researchers to assess masculinity in adolescent boys. Given that masculinities differ cross-culturally, though, these scales may not be viable for use with non-American populations. In the current study, 221 Irish adolescents completed the MAMS and the AMIRS. Using confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs), the MAMS’s and the AMIRS’s factor structures were tested. Results indicated poor goodness-of-fit in both cases. Attempts to improve the models were unsuccessful. Accordingly, neither the MAMS nor the AMIRS appear to be structurally valid within an Irish context. We recommend that researchers consider cultural variations when designing, validating, and utilizing indicators of masculinity.

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