Government strategic planning: an integrative review of academic production

Strategic planning is a deliberative, disciplined approach to producing fundamental decisions and actions that shape and guide what an organization is, what it does, and why it does it. Although strategic planning comes first from the private sector, it can, in fact, lead to successful strategy implementation in the public sector. Public institutions need to implement a performance management system in order to provide better public service to citizens, to promote sustainable public policies, to ensure a transparent decision making process, to spend the public money in an efficient and accountable way, and to achieve measurable results in implementing strategies, programs and projects. The objective of this study is to verify what is being studied in the field of government strategic planning in the past five years, considering articles indexed in the Web of Science database. The study shows that the main topics of concern are related to urban and metropolitan planning, reform and budget cuts, and studies verifying the effectiveness of strategic planning in the public sector. O planeamento estratégico é uma abordagem deliberativa e disciplinada para produzir decisões e acções fundamentais que moldam e guiam o que uma organização é, o que faz, e porque o faz. Embora o planeamento estratégico venha primeiro do sector privado, pode, de facto, conduzir a uma implementação bem sucedida da estratégia no sector público. As instituições públicas precisam de implementar um sistema de gestão de desempenho a fim de prestar um melhor serviço público aos cidadãos, promover políticas públicas sustentáveis, assegurar um processo transparente de tomada de decisões, gastar o dinheiro público de forma eficiente e responsável, e alcançar resultados mensuráveis na implementação de estratégias, programas e projectos. O objectivo deste estudo é verificar o que está a ser estudado no campo do planeamento estratégico governamental nos últimos cinco anos, considerando artigos indexados na base de dados da Web of Science. O estudo mostra que os principais temas de preocupação estão relacionados com o planeamento urbano e metropolitano, reformas e cortes orçamentais, e estudos que verificam a eficácia do planeamento estratégico no sector público.

Reasons for Encroachment on State Real Estate، and its Downsides (Analytical Study)

The phenomenon of abuses on state real estate has exceeded all expectations، due to its increase for political، legal، economic and social reasons، as the state’s real estate has not been spared from encroachment on it in recent times، and the abuse has formed different patterns، the motive of which is according to its status the interests of the transgressors، which resulted in the time At the present time، and in particular after the fall of the defunct Baathist regime، the state's property was liberated، as there was no strong deterrent to it. Despite the issuance of strict laws and decisions criminalizing and forbidding encroachment on state real estate، and with the presence of the executive and judicial authorities concerned with their application and implementation، the phenomenon of transgression is on the rise، which results in many negatives and on many levels، the most important of which is wasting public money and non-compliance and respect for the law، As well as the demographic change of cities. The research dealt with these issues as an attempt to contribute to presenting the problem of abuse، and to provide solutions to it، In order to understand the aspects of the research، the study was divided into two sections، In the first section، we discuss the concept of encroachment on state real estate، As for the second topic، we are devoted to talking about the causes of encroachment on state real estate، We also conclude the research by mentioning the most important conclusions and recommendations.

Public Expenditures Priorities between Human Development Requirements and Funding Constraints

Interest in the issue of public Expenditures (spending) priorities increases in times of financial and economic crisis, when restrictions on government funding grow, and financial markets stumble in providing financing channels with the necessary liquidity, as well as when paying attention to increasing the efficiency and productivity of public spending, by reducing the waste of public money and pursuing its allocation between different economic sectors to achieve the public benefit as much as possible and at the lowest possible cost. Among the discussions being raised in this regard is where the priority lies in spending is on sectors that support human development such as (education, health and public services), or the priority of spending on other sectors (which may hinder human development and delay the development of states and civil societies) such as military sectors, armaments, military industries and related sectors. Because each side has its arguments and evidence of modern economic and human experiences, it is difficult to resolve the controversy in a certain direction and ignore the opinion of the second party, but what concerns us is the situation of our country and our society and the economic and social pressures and renewed threats from time to time, and what is the most objective and credible reading of the authors of the philosophy of the Iraqi economy, and its emerging priorities developed after 2003, through the trends of the federal budget in this country. Given the financial crisis that is ravaging the global economy as a result of the Corona pandemic and the great isolation measures Great Lockdown and the repercussions of this crisis on the Iraqi economy as a result of the collapse of the world oil markets, so discussions are escalating in the field of rationalization and efficiency of government public spending, and because the general budget depends on the general revenues on oil revenues by more than 90% in most years after 2003, so an external shock or collapse in the oil market affects the revenues of the general budget, and therefore there is a situation The uncertainty of budget planners and implementers in collecting the revenues required to cover the public expenditure side, and the most important items of governing public expenditure, namely employee compensation, support for the poor and others.

Using Governance Mechanisms to Raise the Efficiency of Internal Control Performance to Confront Government Corruption in Iraq: An Empirical Study

The study aimed to reduce the phenomenon of government corruption by developing internal control systems using governance mechanisms, and the factors influencing their support to improve their professional quality, as one of the most important mechanisms of an effective internal control structure that affects the discovery and prevention of fraud and innovative practices, increasing the credibility and transparency of financial and control reports, and contributing to activation Practicing the system of governance, to reduce administrative deception and methods, to control and minimize corruption, and to raise the productive efficiency of government performance, by controlling public spending, preserving public money, and promoting economic rationalization in the use and exploitation of property General resources, and a questionnaire list was designed to achieve these goals, which was distributed to those interested in government internal control divided into three categories: financial monitors in the ministry, inspectors of the central apparatus, and government accountants. The study concluded the importance of applying governance mechanisms in raising the level of efficiency of government internal control systems, in order to reduce the manifestations of government corruption.

الحكم الرشيد وكفاءة التخطيط للموازنة الاتحادية والدور المرتقب لتحقيق التنمية المستدامة في العراق

The Iraqi reality misses the foundations of good governance in Iraq, as well as the comprehensive development programs that produce economic and financial reforms, especially in the federal budget, which is characterized as a fragile, weak and vocal budget. Therefore, it came as a modest attempt to shed light on the justifications for achieving good and good governance and efficient planning for the federal budget in its expenditures and revenues. The public, which contributes to building the state and achieving sustainable development that helps solve the main community problems, reduce poverty indicators, reduce unemployment, provide housing and basic services for all components of Iraqi society, and one of the doors to good and rational governance is the efficient management of the federal budget in Iraq, which is represented by efficient planning for managing public money. And protecting it from corruption is in addition to the many problems that fiscal policy suffers from, including weak non-oil financial revenues and dependence on oil revenues, and the growing deficit in budget planning and reliance in particular on foreign debt in the face of the deficit, and solutions are not impossible but need a national administration to achieve them.

عقبات التحول نحو الإقتصاد المتنوع في العراق

The research aims to identify the most important structural imbalances that impede the process of economic development, and then the most important requirements and conditions for the transition from a unilateral economy to a diversified economy capable of achieving sustainable and self-growth economic development. The research found the need to raise the contribution of the commodity sectors to the gross domestic product, and then reduce the proportion of rentier resources in this output by removing the structural imbalances that stand in the way of raising the contribution of the non-oil economic sectors, and it is also necessary to reconsider the state’s general budget by diversifying public revenues. And the rationality of disposing of public money and making this a priority of fiscal policy and refraining from relying on the public administration to create job opportunities by supporting the private sector and increasing the proportion of investment in the budget at the expense of reducing unnecessary expenditure items from current expenditures, given that supporting and developing the private sector and raising the proportion of investment expenditures in the budget It will create new real job opportunities and reduce unemployment.

Public Money, Public Accounts, and Accountability

Trust carried within it a duty of accountability, not only to show that the trustee acted in the interests of the entrustor or beneficiary but also to account financially for moneys that an entrusted official handled. This chapter examines formal methods of accountability in an age of an expanding state and empire. The chapter highlights the ambiguities over how far officials could, legally and morally, profit from public money in their hands and hence whether ‘abuse’ of public money constituted ‘corruption’. The failures of good oversight in the corporations and both the domestic and imperial contexts are stressed. The analysis then turns to the development and (at times transformative) influence of public accounts committees and commissions, beginning in the mid-seventeenth-century revolution. Throughout, the emphasis is on how long the process of achieving formal accountability took and the slow change of mentalities behind the regulatory innovations.

Globalization should be what states make of it

<p>A significant factor that prevented the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) from becoming as calamitous as the Great Depression of 1929, is the fact that states reacted swiftly to inject massive sums of public money to save the banks and the global financial system. This massive state intervention highlighted the limits of the progressive deregulation of the international system which characterized the process of globalization. It showed that states had huge responsibilities in keeping the global economy afloat, albeit without a clear compass or direction. The apparent ‘anarchy’ of the global market system makes conceivable that, to paraphrase A. Wendt, “globalization should be what states make of it”. Limiting the scope of study to the postmodern state, and looking at the discourse surrounding the globalization process that promotes de-regulation and limited government within a ‘neo-liberal paradigm’ it looks at the ‘democratic deficit’ which weakens the political decision-making process. If not yet a ‘paradigm shift’, the GFC has many ingredients of a crisis of capitalism which needs to re-invent itself, and political action is crucial to curb the excesses of finance. Looking at France, and the election of Francois Hollande on a strong ‘anti-finance’ platform in 2012 and its European Union dimension, it remains to be seen if that kind of shift will actually be able to operate and be successful to set the tone for global reforms. In conclusion, the core argument is that the global ‘trial’ of the neoliberal paradigm and the concept of financial deregulation should now enter a new phase. It is historically and symbolically the defeat of the self-regulating markets as a blueprint for global prosperity. The present structures are inadequate, and states have to find new ways for cooperation in order to steer this integrated world towards greater cohesion.</p>

Globalization should be what states make of it

<p>A significant factor that prevented the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) from becoming as calamitous as the Great Depression of 1929, is the fact that states reacted swiftly to inject massive sums of public money to save the banks and the global financial system. This massive state intervention highlighted the limits of the progressive deregulation of the international system which characterized the process of globalization. It showed that states had huge responsibilities in keeping the global economy afloat, albeit without a clear compass or direction. The apparent ‘anarchy’ of the global market system makes conceivable that, to paraphrase A. Wendt, “globalization should be what states make of it”. Limiting the scope of study to the postmodern state, and looking at the discourse surrounding the globalization process that promotes de-regulation and limited government within a ‘neo-liberal paradigm’ it looks at the ‘democratic deficit’ which weakens the political decision-making process. If not yet a ‘paradigm shift’, the GFC has many ingredients of a crisis of capitalism which needs to re-invent itself, and political action is crucial to curb the excesses of finance. Looking at France, and the election of Francois Hollande on a strong ‘anti-finance’ platform in 2012 and its European Union dimension, it remains to be seen if that kind of shift will actually be able to operate and be successful to set the tone for global reforms. In conclusion, the core argument is that the global ‘trial’ of the neoliberal paradigm and the concept of financial deregulation should now enter a new phase. It is historically and symbolically the defeat of the self-regulating markets as a blueprint for global prosperity. The present structures are inadequate, and states have to find new ways for cooperation in order to steer this integrated world towards greater cohesion.</p>