Contact and the Alteration of Racial Attitudes in South Africa

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandy Bradnum ◽  
Johann Nieuwoudt ◽  
Colin Tredoux
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Racial Attitudes ◽  
The Other ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Consistent Finding ◽  
Segregated Schools ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Normative Factors

Two generations of social psychologists have described a remarkably consistent pattern of racial attitudes in South Africa. Whites exhibit determinedly negative attitudes towards other ‘race’ groups (Afrikaans speakers more so than English speakers), and blacks, on the other hand, show a much lower degree of ethnocentrism, especially toward English-speaking whites. This ‘lop-sided colour bar’ is a consistent finding, both historically and across different attitudinal measures. We report results here that indicate that this pattern may be changing, in at least one part of the country. In addition, we examine the attitudes of school pupils in integrated and segregated schools, both in South Africa and in Zimbabwe, for evidence that inter-racial contact improves attitudinal dispositions. Our findings here offer little evidence in favour of the proposition: they appear instead to suggest the dependency of the effects of contact on cultural and normative factors.

scholarly journals The Second Generation: Heritage Language Maintenance – Native English Speakers Living in Israel – Case Study No. 3

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Orly Kayam
Keyword(s):  
Heritage Language ◽  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Native English Speakers ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Heritage Language Maintenance ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Family Language ◽  
English Speaking

Heritage language maintenance faces additional challenges when native English speakers intermarry with partners from the host society. This paper, the third in a series, focuses on the family language policies, or lack thereof, of two generations of English speaking women married to Hebrew speaking Israeli men.

Prejudice and Social Contact in South Africa: A Study of Integrated Schools Ten Years after Apartheid

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zelda Holtman ◽  
Johann Louw ◽  
Colin Tredoux ◽  
Tara Carney
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Racial Identification ◽  
Black African ◽  
Segregated Schools ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
High Degree

In this article the relationship between intergroup contact and racial prejudice in formerly segregated schools in Cape Town, South Africa, is investigated. A total of 1 119 black African, coloured, Afrikaans-speaking and English-speaking white learners were surveyed, using three measures of intergroup prejudice, a self-report intergroup contact measure and a racial identification scale. In general, quality of contact with individuals of other race groups and an increase in contact both in and outside of the school improved learners' race attitudes. Higher levels of demographic integration within schools were also positively related to race attitudes, but a high degree of identification with one's own race led in several instances to less positive attitudes towards other race groups. Intergroup contact seemed to be the single most important predictor of attitudes for all four groups in this study.

Falkland Islands English

2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Sudbury
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
The Other ◽  
Falkland Islands ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
English Speaking World ◽  
Large Corpus

In addition to the major English varieties spoken in New Zealand, Australia and South Africa, the dialect of the Falkland Islands is one of the few native-speaker Englishes in the southern hemisphere. The Falkland variety is relatively unknown in the rest of the English-speaking world and when heard it is often wrongly identified as one of the other southern hemisphere varieties. This article considers whether the Falkland variety is linguistically typical of southern hemisphere Englishes. A description of Falkland Islands English is given, based on a large corpus of conversational data, and direct comparisons are drawn between the Falkland dialect and the three main southern hemisphere varieties. Although many similarities between these Englishes do exist, the Falkland dialect is shown to diverge for several of the diagnostic southern hemisphere variables. Explanations for this are suggested, using the notions of identity and default.

Neuroses in Native African Troops

1944 ◽  
Vol 90 (381) ◽  
pp. 862-868
Author(s):  
L. A. Nichols
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
The Other ◽  
The South ◽  
African Group ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Subject ◽  
East West

The patients forming the subject of the following paper were natives of East, West and South Africa. The South African group are mainly Basutos, mostly non-English speaking, and hence interviews had to be carried out with the aid of an interpreter. To obtain correct perspective of their types of illness it is of course necessary to know thoroughly their customs, beliefs and mode of living. For the sake of brevity illustrations are given only from the Basuto tribe, although it must be borne in mind that there is considerable difference between this and the other groups in this respect.

scholarly journals Do Language Fluency and Other Socioeconomic Factors Influence the Use of PubMed and MedlinePlus?

2013 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 170-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gavino ◽  
F. Callaghan ◽  
P. Fontelo ◽  
L. Sheets
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Language Fluency ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
English Fluency ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Health Information Resources

Summary Background: Increased usage of MedlinePlus by Spanish-speakers was observed after introduction of MedlinePlus in Spanish. This probably reflects increased usage of MEDLINE and PubMed by those with greater fluency in the language in which it is presented; but this has never been demonstrated in English speakers. Evidence that lack of English fluency deters international healthcare personnel from using PubMed could support the use of multi-language search tools like Babel-MeSH. Objectives: This study aims to measure the effects of language fluency and other socioeconomic factors on PubMed MEDLINE and MedlinePlus access by international users. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed server pageviews of PubMed and MedlinePlus from various periods of time, and analyzed them against country statistics on language fluency, GDP, literacy rate, Internet usage, medical schools, and physicians per capita, to determine whether they were associated. Results: We found fluency in English to be positively associated with pageviews of PubMed and MedlinePlus in countries with high literacy rates. Spanish was generally found to be positively associated with pageviews of MedlinePlus en Español. The other parameters also showed varying degrees of association with pageviews. Conclusions: After adjusting for the other factors investigated in this study, language fluency was a consistently significant predictor of the use of PubMed, MedlinePlus English and MedlinePlus en Español. This study may support the need for multi-language search tools and may increase access of health information resources from non-English speaking countries. Citation: Sheets L, Gavino A, Callaghan F, Fontelo P. Do language fluency and other socioeconomic factors influence the use of PubMed and MedlinePlus? Appl Clin Inf 2013; 4: 170–184http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2013-01-RA-0006

scholarly journals Native Speakers as Teachers in Turkey: Non - native Pre - service English Teachers’ Reactions to a Nation - wide Project

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Coşkun
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Awareness ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Native English Speakers ◽  
English Teachers ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Native Speakers Of English ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Native English Speaking Teachers

Although English is now a recognized international language and the concept of native speaker is becoming more doubtful every day, the empowerment of the native speakers of English as language teaching professionals is still continuing (McKay, 2002), especially in Asian countries like China and Japan. One of the latest examples showing the empowerment of the native English speakers comes from Turkey planning to embark on a project to hire 40.000 native English - speaking teachers (NESTs) to collaborate with the local non - native English teachers (NNESTs) in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classes in Turkey. This study tries to reveal the preliminary reactions of pre - service NNESTs about this project through data obtained from open - ended surveys. The content analysis of the data showed that even before the project was initiated, most of the participants objected to it. Although some of the participants favored the project as they believed that the NESTs might be more helpful for students to improve speaking skills and to increase their cultural awareness, the majority of the participants held negative attitudes towards the project mainly because of employment and pedagogical concerns.

scholarly journals The Cloze Response Patterns of L1 and L2 Students to Literal and Idiomatic Text

1988 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Lee Gunderson ◽  
Kenneth Slade ◽  
Darlene Rosenke
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Background Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Esl Students ◽  
Adult Esl ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The University ◽  
L1 And L2

A lack of background knowledge has been shown to contribute to the difficulty ESL students have in comprehending text. An important part of background knowledge is an understanding of metaphor. The study measured the effects of metaphor on ESL adults' reading comprehension. Two passages were selected that were comparable in difficulty; one containing many idiomatic items, the other containing only literal language. The passages were made into cIoze passages and were administered to randomly selected native English speaking university students and adult ESL students. The university students scored significantly higher on both the literal and idiomatic passages than the ESL students. The ESL students scored significantly higher on the literal passage than they did on the idiomatic passage while the university students scored significantly higher on the idiomatic passage than the literal passage. Idiomatic language resulted in lower comprehension for the ESL students while it increased the English speakers' scores. It was concluded that since the vehicles of many metaphors have become lost and are not retrievable from surface structure, it may be necessary to teach metaphors as vocabulary items. Further research into the methodology of teaching metaphor is called for.

The Final ‘Thank You’

Derrida Today ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-36
Author(s):  
Grant Farred
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Jacques Derrida ◽  
Political Transition ◽  
The Other ◽  
World Cup ◽  
The Core ◽  
Nelson Mandela ◽  
Black President ◽  
The Moment

‘The Final “Thank You”’ uses the work of Jacques Derrida and Friedrich Nietzsche to think the occasion of the 1995 rugby World Cup, hosted by the newly democratic South Africa. This paper deploys Nietzsche's Zarathustra to critique how a figure such as Nelson Mandela is understood as a ‘Superman’ or an ‘Overhuman’ in the moment of political transition. The philosophical focus of the paper, however, turns on the ‘thank yous’ exchanged by the white South African rugby captain, François Pienaar, and the black president at the event of the Springbok victory. It is the value, and the proximity and negation, of the ‘thank yous’ – the relation of one to the other – that constitutes the core of the article. 1

‘Wisselbare Woorde’

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrol Clarkson
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
The Other ◽  
Frantz Fanon ◽  
Politics Of Representation ◽  
Black Consciousness ◽  
Nadine Gordimer ◽  
Contact Zones ◽  
Critical Problems ◽  
Ethics And Politics

Carrol Clarkson’s chapter wrestles with the contentious question of Coetzee’s relation to the Black Consciousness Movement in South Africa of the 1970s and early 1980s, which took its philosophical bearings from Frantz Fanon and found expression in the writings of Steve Biko. Clarkson focuses on the ways in which Coetzee departed from the ideas about writing and resistance that were circulating in his contemporary South Africa, particularly as articulated by novelist Nadine Gordimer. Clarkson discusses two related literary-critical problems: an ethics and politics of representation, and an ethics and politics of address, showing how Coetzee explores a tension between freedom of expression and responsibility to the other. In the slippage from saying to addressing we are led to further thought about modes and sites of consciousness—and hence accountabilities—in the interlocutory contact zones of the post-colony. The chapter invites a sharper appreciation of what a postcolonial philosophy might be.

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